... severalhigher plants, some protozoa, and several species of eubacteria and archeubacteria, and are highly similar(86–91% deduced amino acid identity) [1,3,4]. V-PPaserequires Mg2+ as a cofactor, ... structural details of V-PPase within the vacuolar membrane remain uncertain. The C-termi-nus presumably plays a crucial role in sustaining enzymatic and proton-translocating reactions. We used atomic ... 1. Purification and proton transportactivity of V-PPase. (A) Analysis of purifiedV-PPase by western blotting (top) and SDS/PAGE and Coomassie Blue staining (bot-tom). Lane 1: V-PPase-enriched...
... questions.Estimation of weights of factor levelsThe data collection, as well as the estimation of utilityweights, was done with the Adaptive Conjoint Analysis(ACA) software 1997 (Sawtooth Software, ... wereTable 2 Factor and factor levels as ranked by patientsFactors Factor levels Weights of factor levelsAll patients Normal body weight Mild over-weight Adipositas I Adipositas II+IIIMain treatment ... second level of reporting is related to the apprai-sal of the effect of the health service. Appraisal meansthat an individual ascribes a value to the observed effect.Values are based on preferences,...
... Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania via S. Sofia 64,95123 Catania, Italy2CNR-IMM MATIS, via S. Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy3Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN),Department ... deposition because the small mis-match of the crystal lattice allows the Au to grow in largeatomically flat areas. The understanding of the kineticgrowth mechanisms of Au on mica allows to t une ... could be of interest, for example, for surface enhanced Ramanspectroscopy (SERS) and surface resonance plasmonic(SPR) applications as plasmonic substrates.AbbreviationsAFM: atomicforce microscopy; ...
... Twotypes of zig-zag (areas 1 and 2), disordered (area 3) and dimer (area 4) lattices. (B) Zig-zag lattice (area 2), square lattice (area 5) and dimers(area 6). (C) Zig-zag lattice (area 1) and dimers ... ultrasoft tapping-mode AFM was applied incombination with the choice of appropriate buffer forelectrostatic balancing of the AFM tip and thesubstrate. Electrostatically balanced tapping-modeAFM ... h of stirring at room temperature, the reconsti-tuted material was stored at 4 °C for AFM analysis.AFMThe AFM sample of LH2 crystals was prepared by adsorbing2 lL of sample solution onto...
... activity of genes andgenomes via formation of various types of triplex-relatedstructures. The plasmid DNA in sodium acetate buffer(pH 4.35) was deposited on APS-modified mica, and afterdrying it was ... Japan.Tel./Fax: + 81 72 254 9746,E-mail: mkato@rishiri.cias.osakafu-u.ac.jp ormikio_kato@mac.comAbbreviations: AFM, atomicforce microscopy; Pyr, pyrimidine; Pur, purine.(Received 25 April 2002, ... 2. AFM images of pTIR10 and pUC19 DNA. Structural irregu-larities are indicated on large-scale images by arrows and the enlargedrescanned images of the molecules are inserted. (A) pTIR10 DNAprepared...
... pathway finally causes nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor. Theinhibition of NF-kappaB activation blocks maturation of DCs, followed by down-regulation of ... kinase (p38 MAPK), ERK1/2,phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt, and NF-kappaB pathways in the process of D C maturation. PI3kinase/Akt signaling pathways are important in maintain-ing ... force- distance cycle was used to display the full process of measuring cell adhesion force. The tip was movedtoward the cell surface (1) and (2), and then retracted at a c onstant lateral...
... positiveones, causing an irreversible increase of the measuredelectrical resistance. This o bservation was attributed to the redox reactions at the tip and/or sample surfaceleading toa local surface ... 2001,45(2):74-82[http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v45-i2-074-082.pdf].doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-335Cite this article as: Dominiczak et al.: Evaluation of the nanotubeintrinsic resistance across the tip-carbon nanotube-metal substratejunction by AtomicForce Microscopy. Nanoscale Research Letters ... phenomenon at the tip apex has also been evidenced by performing measurements atdifferent bias voltages with diamond tips. For negative tip-substrate bias, a systematic degradation in color andcontrast...
... not as pronounced as inthecaseofAFMphase.ItiswellknownthattheAFMphase contrast depends on such scanning parameters as cantilever amplitude and TM set-point [32]. Suchchanges in phase contrast ... be taken intoaccount.Ntegra NT-MDT software was employed for the dataanalysis. Tip radius was estimated by a deconvolutionanalysis. Typical lateral feature size was characterized byLx values, ... using autocorrelationfunction. Root mean square (RMS) values wereemployed for characterization of amplitude variations of topography and phase across the surface. RMS valueswere also used as an...
... was within fifteen minutes. During the test, the teacher worked asa cassette player and examiner. The marking was done with the same way of assessment and then was analyzed in turn. The class ... the overall meaning ofa passage, and the application of schemata. Schemata are mental frameworks based on past experiences whish can be applied to help us interpret the current situation. Inferring ... see appendix 1- task 3) D, Vocabulary Learning. Active vocabulary learning is an activity that is seldom paid any attention in most language classrooms. It is here that songs can be of great...
... other researchers are to be able to repeat a research programme: It is for this reason that researchers like Yin are especially adamant that a case database be created and maintained to \allow ... repetition and re-evaluation of cases. Reliability is most important during the data collection phase, and involves the useof case study protocol as well as the case study database already mentioned. ... research, and situations where the case study is an appropriate research tool. Management studies and organizational theory rely heavily upon the case study asa form of data collection and...