... tolerance in conifers normally is initiated in late summer and fall during acclimation to seasonal changes in photoperiod and temperature [41] Freezing tolerance in western redcedar [9, 45] and ... ecophysiological response of western redcedar and yellow-cedar during the fall, winter and early spring period This study determined the shoot growth pattern, plus photosynthetic and freezing tolerance ... while photosynthesis, shoot growth and freezing tolerance were monitored throughout winter and spring on the low elevation site Within this experimental population, rooted cuttings were randomly...
... nitrate are able to release carboxylates and protons in responseto phosphorus deprivation [4, 11, 12, 21, 22] whereas others are not [21] Such variability can also exist in ectomycorrhizal fungi ... growth and the capacities of ectomycorrhizal fungi to release protons and carboxylic anions Nevertheless, such information will be of great importance in determining the potential role of ectomycorrhizal ... mobilization and subsequent P nutrition of the ectomycorrhizal host-plant in soil conditions The objective of this work was therefore to quantify the release of oxalate and/ or protons by six ectomycorrhizal...
... the land is even often at stake: the understorey is invaded by a dense cover of few ’social’ herbaceous species and the forest slowly turns into a heathland compétition / drainage / (Aussenac and ... broad-leaved species, and results are more contrasting, from clear positive effects (Belgrand and Lévy, 1985) to the absence of effect (Kollist, 1975) and even negative effects in young stands (Holstener-Jørgensen ... related to field conditions andto the structure of the stands, it was not possible to obtain a sample which was balanced for all the combinations of the treatments This was also due to the fact...
... classified the patients into two groups according to their age and compared the IFN-γ production by their PBMCs in responseto IL-12 and IL-18 The mean age, disease duration, and C-reactive-protein ... presence of IL-12 as a contributory factor in inducing the IFN-γ-dominant T-cell cytokine response in joints of patients with longstanding RA [13] IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important ... subpopulation with reduced ability to produce IFN-γ remains to be clarified [29–31] In order to assess overall differences in systemic responseto the Th1-inducing cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, we compared...
... patients Tetanus toxoid vaccine and the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine were used to assess the impact of abatacept on a memory responseto a T-celldependent protein antigen andto a less T-cell-dependent ... baseline) to both tetanus toxoid and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines 10 Competing interests 12 LT, GV, RR and MC are employees of Bristol-Myers Squibb (Princeton, NJ, USA) and own stock options FL is ... subjects at 14 and 28 days after vaccination ranged from 22% to 69% and from 24% to 68%, respectively Similarly, the decrease in antibody response for subjects in Group D determined at 14 and 28 days...
... Rasid MM, Suliman A, Tohru T, Hitoshi K, Yasutomo T: Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid to recover salt damage on cotton, tomato, and wheat seedlings in Saudi Arabia J Arid Land Stud 2004, 14:105-113 ... mannitol, ABA and methyl viologen (MV), by extracting total RNA from these plants and performing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) Compared to untreated plants, 150 mM NaCl, 250 mM mannitol, ... fused to the uidA reporter gene (AtTSPO437::GUS), and transformed into plants, allowing in vivo analysis of AtTSPO transcriptional responseto stress conditions AtTSPO-437::GUS was found to be...
... combination of detoxification treatment, physical exercise, and manual labor [7,19-22] At the third level, drug users who relapse after receiving compulsory detoxification are mandated toto years of ... main purpose of the compulsory and voluntary detoxification is to reduce demands for drug use, drug related crimes, and injection drug use, which are designed to eventually reduce HIV transmission ... Sahai H, Marrero CA, Matos DT, et al: Effects of combined counseling and case management to reduce HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic drug injectors in Puerto Rico: A randomized controlled study...
... PToand Prf-mediated host defense responses to infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato Plant J 2002, 32:299-316 Singh KB, Foley RC, Onate-Sanchez L: Transcription factors in plant defense and ... syringae pv tomato and Peronospora parasitica Funct Plant Biol 2003, 30(4):461-469 Thaler JS, Bostock RM: Interactions between abscisic-acidmediated responses and plant resistance to pathogens and insects ... TFs in mediating the responses of canola to S sclerotiorum and phytohormones (Figure 5) Both S sclerotiorum and JA/ET can induce BnWRKY28, 33, and 75 at 24 h post inoculation and possibly activate...
... macrophages via RAGE and/ or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) Together, these processes synergize to stimulate hyperinflammatory responses that ultimately cause severe injury to the host IL-2, interleukin-2 As ... activate nuclear factor-kappa B and upregulate innate immune molecules such as CC-chemokine ligand CCL2 [5] Infected macrophages then release microbial products and engage Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ... activate signaling systems that stimulate hyperinflammatory responses (Figure 1) In conclusion, in polymicrobial sepsis and in responseto L monocytogenes, genetic deletion of RAGE is remarkably protective...
... candidate comparator genes in relation to known standards Each gene shown was tested by qRT-PCR on 100 ng RNA from the conditions shown A 10 pM DNA comparator from the cognate gene was used to ... (except Asp f and -23), ranging from ~1.1 to ~3 fold Only Asp f 4, -5 and -10 were induced more than 3-fold, compared to AMM + 1% glucose (Figure 2B) Allergen gene expression in responseto complex ... MOI - 1:200 and 1:2000 spores/macrophage The MOI used were chosen to give conditions where both fungus and macrophage were able to grow and remain viable for Fraczek et al Clinical and Molecular...
... cell survival and death in responseto ER stress, and other stress conditions 11 Role of CHOP in apoptosis induced by ER stress CHOP is suggested to contribute to enhanced apoptosis by several ... expression changes in responseto the different stress conditions Increased CHOP levels due to the absence of inhibitory uORF sensitized the cells to stress-induced apoptosis when compared to the v cells ... confers resistance to apoptosis in responseto UV irradiation through activation of NF-κB and induced expression of its target genes (43) ATF4 is differentially regulated in responseto various stresses...
... contributed to analyze and interpret the data andto write the manuscript LK participated to the study design, analysis and results interpretation and writing-up of the manuscript All authors read and ... in the conception and design of study and took an active part in the data analysis and results interpretation GO participated to the study conception and design, writing-up and finalization of ... and Seismology, Iran medical responseto the Bam earthquake with specific emphasis on the pre-hospital medical management during the first days Our aim was to identify obstacles and facilitators...
... 125- and 20- bp bands (lanes 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9) and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype gives 168-, 148-, 125- and 20- bp (lanes 4, 5, and 10) CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype is not seen in this picture The 20- bp band ... transilluminator (Figure 1) CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype gives 148-, 125- and 20- bp bands, CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype gives 168- and 125-bp bands and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype gives 168-, 148-, 125- and 20- bp [19] ... factors) Categorical factors are used to divide study population into subgroups (between-subjects factors) and 96 continuous variables are used as control variables (covariates) Taking into account...
... due to fail to complete treatment and evaluation Of these, 13 failed to return for follow-up, stopped because of adverse effects, for poor response, and because of death Finally, a total of 54 ... leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and weight loss were predictors of good treatment response Giving these findings, a careful assessment is needed in regards to continuing therapy with interferon and ribavirin ... Sporea I, et al Efficacy, tolerability and predictive factors for early and sustained virologic response in patients treated with weight-based dosing regimen of PegIFN alpha-2b and ribavirin in real-life...
... size, and location • Use a body map and/ or photographs to supplement written description • Obtain a consent form prior to photographing patient Include a label and date Document laboratory and ... How to a health and safety assessment • Suggested language to provide validation to a client who discloses abuse • How to respond to safety issues • How to document a client’s disclosure and ... written protocol for identifying and responding to IPV that includes reproductive coercion For entities that already have a protocol for IPV, the protocol should be reviewed and expanded to address...
... preventers of and responders to an MCE They should be integrated into bombing terrorism preparedness andresponse Planning a medical responseto an MCE must be comprehensive and community based, and clear ... plan and building organizational and individual resilience Drills and tabletop exercises are major tools for improving interfaces and connectivity by allowing potential event response personnel to ... from reactive to proactive management To respond to the bombing aftermath, hospital directors should develop an integrated and coordinated Hospital Incident Command System To respond to the bombing...
... A549, BHK, TC7, SW2, HL60 and HUVEC with respect to their responseto hypoxia and reoxygenation The alkaline sedimentation profiles of HeLa and CCRF cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation already ... renewed and cells were either incubated normoxically for h, or hypoxically for h and then reoxygenated At the times indicated incubations were stopped, cells were fixed with acetone/methanol and total ... onto a Nylon-P membrane and PCNA was immunodetected Figure shows the results obtained from cells incubated hypoxically for h and then stopped or reoxygenated for min, 30 or h In cytosolic and...
... autophagy in a population of cells Autophagic responseto nutrient deprivation Autophagy is strongly upregulated in responseto nutrient deprivation [19,29] To examine the autophagic responseto ... lysosomal activity to quantify autophagic flux During the initiation of autophagy, cytosolic LC3 (LC3-I) is cleaved and lipidated to form LC3-II [16,20] LC3-II is then recruited to the autophagosomal ... switches autophagy to apoptosis Nat Cell Biol 8, 1124–1132 62 Duchen MR (2000) Mitochondria and calcium: from cell signalling to cell death J Physiol 529, 57–68 Bcl-2 and calcium control of autophagy...
... adaptation has been described as a normal responseto thermal and chemical stress (i.e thermotolerance and chemotolerance), but has never been considered to be damaging to cells In the second phase, a ... reconstructs: a new tool to study topical and systemic photoprotective molecules J Photochem Photobiol B68, 79– 87 Keshvari J & Lang S (2005) Comparison of radio frequency energy absorption in ear and eye ... skin: cytokine, prostaglandin, Hsp70 and histological responses to heat exposure J Dermatol Sci 20, 172–182 58 Pacini S, Ruggiero M, Sardi I, Aterini S, Gulisano F & Gulisano M (2002) Exposure to...