upper respiratory tract infection management guidelines
Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) ppt
... Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 31. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Pharyngitis, ... Infections Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction Infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs) have a tremendous impact on public health. ... syndromes, acute infections are diagnosed largely on clinical grounds. Thus the judicious use of antibiotics in this setting is challenging. Nonspecific Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract Nonspecific...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 2) docx
... life-threatening infections. The best-known example is rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, which includes Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Absidia, and Cunninghamella. These infections ... aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Often, these infections are polymicrobial and involve organisms that are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics. ... methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as an emerging cause. Anaerobes are occasionally found in association with infections of the roots of premolar teeth that spread into the adjacent maxillary sinuses. The...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 3) ppt
... penicillin-resistant S. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 3) Clinical Manifestations Most cases of acute sinusitis present ... viral infections such as the common cold and is not specific to bacterial infection. Other nonspecific manifestations include cough, sneezing, and fever. Tooth pain, most often involving the upper ... as mucormycosis) often present with symptoms related to pressure effects, particularly when the infection has spread to the orbits and cavernous sinus. Signs such as orbital swelling and cellulitis,...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) docx
... associated with either bacteria Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) Acute Sinusitis: Treatment Most patients with a diagnosis ... glucocorticoids; and mechanical irrigation of the sinus with sterile saline solution. When this management approach fails, sinus surgery may be indicated and sometimes provides significant, albeit...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) pdf
... Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) Infections of the Ear and Mastoid Infections of the ear and associated structures can involve ... bacteria are known causes of these infections, some of which result in significant morbidity if not treated appropriately. Infections of the External Ear Structures Infections involving the structures ... cellulitis is an infection of the skin overlying the external ear and typically follows minor local trauma. It presents with the typical signs and symptoms of a skin/soft tissue infection, with...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 6) pot
... patients ≥6 years old. bObservation (deferring antibacterial treatment for 48–72 h and limiting management to symptom relief) is an option for mild to moderate disease in children 6 months to ... 48–72 h of observation or treatment. Sources: American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media, 2004; Dowell et al, 1998. is frequently used in place of ... debridement, once an important component of the treatment approach, is now rarely indicated. Infections of Middle-Ear Structures Otitis media is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 7) pdf
... With bacterial infection, the tympanic membrane can also be erythematous, bulging, or retracted and occasionally can spontaneously perforate. The signs and symptoms accompanying infection can ... episodes within 12 months) is generally due to relapse or reinfection, although data indicate that the majority of early recurrences are new infections. In general, the same pathogens responsible ... evident but is nonspecific as it is frequently seen in association with inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children). Other signs and symptoms that...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) ppsx
... are usually evident on CT. Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) Serous Otitis Media In serous otitis media (otitis media with ... conjunction with the typical signs and symptoms of acute middle-ear infection. Rarely, patients can develop severe complications if the infection tracks under the periosteum of the temporal bone to ... Because the mastoid air cells connect with the middle ear, the process of fluid collection and infection is usually the same in the mastoid as in the middle ear. Early and frequent treatment...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 9) docx
... only by the clinical history. Oropharyngeal infections range from mild, self-limited viral illnesses to serious, life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common presenting symptom ... the majority of cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by typical respiratory viruses. The most important source of concern is infection with group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (S. pyogenes), ... occasion) splenomegaly is characteristic of infectious mononucleosis due to EBV or CMV. Acute primary infection with HIV is frequently associated with fever and acute pharyngitis as well as with myalgias,...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 10) potx
... pneumoniae, are available in some locations and can be used when these infections are suspected. The diagnosis of acute EBV infection depends primarily on the detection of antibodies to the virus ... immunosorbent assay. Testing for HIV RNA or antigen (p24) should be performed when acute primary HIV infection is suspected. If other bacterial causes are suspected (particularly N. gonorrhoeae, C. ... antigen-detection test, however, given the lower prevalence and smaller benefit in this age group. Table 31-3 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pharyngitis Age Group Diagnostic Criteria...
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Management of suspected bacterial urinary tract infection in adults pdf
... or upper urinary tract infection. The presence of symptomatic bacteriuria can be established with a single urine sample. upper urinary tract infection (UUTI)evidence of urinary tract infection ... they have symptoms of upper urinary tract infection, fail to respond to appropriate antibiotics or have recurrent UTI. Management of suspected bacterial urinary tract infection in adults26 ... with catheterisation or urinary tract infection. 131 Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital acquired infection in the UK, accounting for 23% of all infections and the majority of...
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