underweight stunting and wasting
Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P49 pptx
... relaxation via reduced SR Ca2+-ATPase protein and activity American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 294, H2587–H2595 Sandri, M., Sandri, C., Gilbert, A., Skurk, C., Calabria, ... control of fat and lean deposition in livestock The Veterinary Journal, 167, 242–257 Sillence, M N & Matthews, M L (1994) Classical and atypical binding sites for b-adrenoceptor ligands and activation ... Crettenand, A., Gobelet, C., Rohmer, P., Konzelmann, M., Luthi, F., Russell, A P (2006) Akt signalling through GSK-3beta, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P1 doc
... Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness Gordon S Lynch Editor Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness Mechanisms and Treatments Editor Gordon S Lynch Department of Physiology Basic and Clinical ... Serpe, and Francisco J López-Soriano Age-Related Remodeling of Neuromuscular Junctions Carlos B Mantilla and Gary C Sieck 37 Aging-Related Changes Motor Unit Structure and Function Alexander ... E Alway and Parco M Siu vii viii Contents Age-Related Changes in the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Mass 207 Aaron P Russell and Bertrand Lèger Genetic Variation and Skeletal...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P2 ppt
... and weakness Research and development in academic and research institutions and in large and small pharma is being directed to sarcopenia and related issues to develop and evaluate novel therapies ... better understand the mechanisms underlying age-related muscle wasting and to develop therapeutic strategies that can attenuate, prevent, or ultimately reverse skeletal muscle wasting and weakness ... studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in skeletal muscle and identifying strategies to combat sarcopenia and related muscle wasting conditions and neuromuscular...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P3 pptx
... Cellular and molecular mechanisms nderlying u age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness Biogerontology, 9, 213–228 Scicchitano, B M., Rizzuto, E., Musaro, A (2009) Counteracting muscle wasting ... (1995) Strength and aerobic training attenuate muscle wasting and improve resistance to the development of disability with aging The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical ... r elationships of bilateral and unilateral leg multi-joint movements in young and elderly women Journal of Biomechanics, 42, 2151–2157 Muscle Wasting in Cancer and Ageing: Cachexia Versus Sarcopenia...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P4 potx
... serum amyloid A (SAA), a1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and complement factors B and C3) and by decreased circulating concentrations of albumin and transferrin An APP response is observed in a significant ... can be divided into two groups: type I and type II Type I proteins include SAA, CRP, C3, haptoglobin (rat) and a1-acid glycoprotein, and are induced by IL-1 and TNF Type II proteins include fibrinogen, ... (McMurtry and Rosenthal 1995) Weight loss in geriatric patients is not unusual (Fig. 3) Of nursing home residents, 30–50% have substandard body weight and midarm muscle circumferences, and low...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P5 ppsx
... of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 291, R674–R683 Chandra, R K (1983) Nutrition, immunity, and infection: present knowledge and future directions Lancet, 1, 688–691 ... Mirand, P P (1995) Altered response of protein synthesis to nutritional state and endurance training in old rats The American Journal of Physiology, 268, E328–E335 Muscle Wasting in Cancer and ... sarcopenia and fracture risks in obese postmenopausal women Journal of Women and Aging, 20, 297–308 Bajaj, G & Sharma, R K (2006) TNF-alpha-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis involves c aspase-12 and...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P6 ppt
... different muscle fiber and motor unit types Generally, type IIx and IIb fibers (type FInt and FF motor units) have greater specific force than type I and IIa fibers (type S and FR motor units) Consequently, ... IIx and/ or IIb fibers than at type I and IIa fibers, and thus, a greater total number of synaptic vesicles in the readily releasable pool at type IIx and/ or IIb fibers compared to type I and ... changes in the size and distribution of synaptic vesicle pools, and/ or changes in the Age-Related Remodeling of Neuromuscular Junctions 39 extent of pre- and postsynaptic apposition and overlap Functionally,...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P7 pot
... increased number of nerve terminal branches and greater complexity (Prakash and Sieck 1998; Courtney and Steinbach 1981; Andonian and Fahim 1989; Fahim and Robbins 1982; Fahim et al 1983) The increased ... both rats and mice (Andonian and Fahim 1989; Fahim and Robbins 1982; Fahim et al 1983) In mice hind limb muscles, there are age-related reductions in the number and density of mitochondria and synaptic ... I and IIa fibers At type IIx and/ or IIb fibers, the extent of overlap between nerve terminals and motor end-plates increases with age but remains below that of type I and IIa fibers (Prakash and...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P8 ppt
... proposed by Krnjevic’ and Miledi (1958) and successfully used first by Edström and Kugelberg (1968), Burke et al (1971), Brandstater and Lambert (1969, 1973), and Doyle and Mayer (1969) After ... Einsiedel et al 1992; Einsiedel and Luff 1992; Hashizume et al 1988; Ishihara et al 1987; Kanda and Hashizume 1989; Pettigrew and Gardiner 1987) By calculating interfiber and nearest neighbor distances ... slow-twitch motor units over and above the borders of the motor units in the young animals (Larsson et al 1991a) Kanda and Hashizume (1991) Aging-Related Changes Motor Unit Structure and Function 59 reported...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P10 pptx
... produced, and a strong- binding (to actin) structural state, in which force is produced (Figs. 4 and 6) The quantitative resolution by EPR of the weak-binding and strong-binding pre- and ( post-powerstroke) ... Structural States of Myosin, and Myosin ATPase The basic process of muscle contraction is well understood and it is a result of cyclic interactions between myosin and actin, driven by the chemical ... absence of ATP and/ or the presence of ADP, the myosin head forms a strong and well-ordered complex with actin Binding of ATP to myosin produces a weaker complex where the catalytic domain and light...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P11 pps
... encompassing cytochromes b, c1 and the Rieske Fe-S center; complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) encompassing cytochromes a + a3 and CuA and CuB; and the H+-translocating ATP synthase (F1 and F0) (Figure adapted ... protein’s structural and functional integrity and in vitro studies where there is an elevation in ROS and NOS show contractile inhibition (e.g., Callahan et al 2001; Lamb and Posterino 2003) ... I, II, and III encompass several iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, whereas complexes III and IV encompass the b + c1 and a + a3 cytochromes, respectively Electron transfer by complexes I, III and IV...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P12 pptx
... myosin and actin and aging, both nitration and the formation of HNE adducts were evaluated (Thompson et al 2006) The levels of these two markers of oxidative stress, 3-nitrotyrosine and HNE-adducts, ... scenario by which carbonylation impairs function and leads to further lipid perioxidation and modification and dysfunction of these proteins 7.8 Glycation and Aging Skeletal Muscle Protein glycation ... (Thompson and Brown 1999) Age-Related Decline in Actomyosin Structure and Function 101 The results of this proteomic study revealed five modified proteins, identified by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P13 doc
... structural and functional modifications of the motor unit and the neuromuscular junction with aging A better understanding of the triad proteins involved in muscle ECC and nerve/muscle interactions and ... for muscle physiology Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 29, 3–6 Thompson, L V., Durand, D., Fugere, N A., Ferrington, D A (2006) Myosin and actin expression and oxidation in aging muscle Journal ... mobilization and force development (Delbono et al 1997) Calcium binds to troponin C, leading to cross-linkages between actin and myosin and sliding of thin-on-thick filaments to produce force (Loeser and...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P14 ppsx
... (Payne and Delbono 2004) Several groups have reported skeletal muscle denervation and reinervation and motor unit remodeling or loss in aging rodents or humans (Hashizume et al 1988; Kanda and ... 2000b; Messi and Delbono 2003; Lauretani et al 2006); decreased maximal i sometric force and slower sliding speed of actin on myosin (Brooks and Faulkner 1994; Hook et al 1999); and impaired ... muscle, and its expression decreases with aging It colocalizes with the Ca2+-release channel (the ryanodine receptor) and interacts with calsequestrin and the skeletal muscle DHPRa1 subunit (Anderson...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P15 docx
... Ulfhake, B., Fundin, B T (2000) Regulation of NGF-family ligands and receptors in adulthood and senescence: correlation to degenerative and regenerative changes in cutaneous innervation Eur J Neurosci, ... intact fast- and slow-fibers from mouse EDL and soleus skeletal muscles Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 122, 1019–1032 González, E & Delbono, O (2001b) Recovery from fatigue in fast and slow ... Health/National Institute on Aging (AG15820, AG13934, and AG033385) and Muscular Dystrophy Association of America’s grants to Osvaldo Delbono and the Wake Forest University Claude D Pepper Older...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P16 pps
... Mitochondria and Their Impact in Aging Skeletal Muscle 137 2 Age-Related Changes in Mitochondrial Function Because of the complexity of mitochondrial structural and biochemical organization and the ... declining muscle mass (Lexell et al 1988; Hagen et al 2004; Baker and Hepple 2006) and impaired Alterations in Mitochondria and Their Impact in Aging Skeletal Muscle 139 Fig. 2 Whereas aging ... accumulation of oxidative damage with aging, and likely plays a key role in impaired muscle function with aging and its greater vulnerability to apoptosis and excessive protein degradation Therefore,...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P17 docx
... exercise training in both the human (Orlander and Aniansson 1980; Hagberg et al 1989; Meredith et al 1989; Short et al 2003) and animal model (Cartee and Farrar 1987; Rossiter et al 2005; Betik ... muscles pump-perfused in situ (top) and the activity of complex IV in homogenates of plantaris (Plan) and Soleus (Sol) muscle (bottom) in sedentary senescent rats and senescent rats trained for months ... Alterations in Mitochondria and Their Impact in Aging Skeletal Muscle 153 Fig. 12 PGC-1 protein expression in plantaris (Plan) and soleus (Sol) muscles of sedentary senescent rats and senescent rats...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P18 potx
... the bones; (3) regulation of cell attachment and differentiation; and (4) mechanical and ionic filtration by the basal lamina (Minor 1980; Nimni and Harkness 1988; Hay 1991) From the collagen ... MMP-1, MMP-8, Skeletal Muscle Collagen: Age, Injury and Disease 161 and MMP-13, whereas the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 degrade type IV c ollagen and gelatin (Birkedal-Hansen et al 1993) Tissue ... data uggested that the synthesis and degradation of s contractile proteins (actin and yosin) and proteins involved in the transfer of m muscle forces (collagen and pyridinoline cross-links),...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P19 pot
... mammals and humans (Sulston and Horvitz 1977) In the past several decades, there has been a better understanding of the biological role and the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in life science and ... injuries and neurodegenerative diseases and muscle loss associated with aging such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Williams 1991; Thompson 1995; Duke et al 1996; Yuan and Yankner 2000; Lee and ... (1993) Age and training alter collagen characteristics in fast- and slow-twitch rat limb muscle Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 1670–1674 Nuclear Apoptosis and Sarcopenia Stephen E Alway and Parco...
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Sarcopenia Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms and Treatments P20 pot
... a ligand (e.g., TNF-a) and activates initiator caspases (e.g., caspase 8) and the effector caspases (e.g., caspase 3) and through this to apoptosis 178 S.E Alway and P.M Siu (HtrA2/Omi), and other ... Bcl-XL, Bcl-W, A1, and Mcl-1), (b) multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak, and Bok), and (c) BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins (Bid, Bad, Bim, Bik, Dp5/Hrk, Noxa, and Puma) (Chao and Korsmeyer ... strand breaks and in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and proteins including Bax, caspase 3, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and apoptotic protease- activating factor (Apaf1) in aged and...
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