transport and fate of toxicants in the environment damian shea

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... rapidly growing field of research The use of “emerging” is not intended to infer that the presence of these compounds in the environment is new These chemicals have been released into the environment ... Neubert, Reinhard Länge, and Thomas Steger-Hartmann PART II Environmental Fate and Transformations of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Chapter Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment ... they have been in production or, in the case of hormones and other endogenous compounds, since the rise of animal life What is emerging is the interest by the scientific and lay communities in...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... of the occurrence and fate of the contaminants in the environment In addition, the simultaneous determination of a large number of analytes by a single method represents a less time-consuming and ... occurrence and fate of the contaminants in the environment examined In addition, the simultaneous determination of a large number of analytes by a single method represents a less time-consuming and ... waters, and raw and treated sewages The authors26 studied the effect of the washing and of the eluting solvent and pH on the extraction step using a single pretreatment (SPE, Oasis HLB) Prior to the...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 82 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems the fraction of pharmaceuticals that are bound to solids in environmental studies instead of just concluding that the ... contain antibacterial agents such as triclosan2 in household dust and tetracyclines, sulfamethazine, tylosine, and chloramphenicol in animal confinement buildings.3 The dust from the interior of ... comparable to the recoveries obtained using PLE (78 to 79%) and MAE (81 to 82%) On the other hand, the recoveries of 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A were disappointing and were lower than the recoveries...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... within 10 days The degradation of the reference substances fulfilled the quality criteria set by the guidelines (i.e., the inoculum was viable and active) The elimination of organic carbon in the ... 24, 48, and 72 hours The pH value was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test For the study with dimeglumine gadopentetate and gadofosveset trisodium, an incubating apparatus (Abimed ... concentration, on the one hand, and the experimental determination of a no-effect concentration (NOEC) of the pharmaceutical on the other hand.3,4 Because the aquatic environment represents the primary...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... the inputs of livestock medicines to the environment and synthesizes the available information on the fate and transport of veterinary pharmaceuticals in manure and soils Toward the end of this ... 5.1 Input routes and fate and transport pathways for veterinary medicines in the soil environment © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment ... begin to further synthesize this information in order to provide a general understanding of the fate and transport of medicines in the soil environment and to develop approaches for predicting...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 6.2 ASSESSING CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS The potential for antibiotics and hormones to contaminate and adversely impact the environment is directly influenced by their mobility ... erythromycin, roxithromycin, and salinomycin of 41 d, 130 d, and d, respectively, whereas no degradation of tiamulin was observed.51 The dissipation of tylosin was studied in anaerobic slurries of swine ... showed that clindamycin decreased the intensity of the water absorption band, which was attributed to the replacement of hydrated exchangeable cations in the clay’s interlayer by clindamycin Under...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... An understanding of the degradation and fate of veterinary antibiotics in soil is important because of widespread use of the compounds in livestock production in the United States, and the concurrent ... examining the mobility of enteric © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 170 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems bacteria in soil indicated to 6% of the inoculated ... were in the absence of exposure to tylosin or other antibiotics and may be explained by a natural level of resistance in the population Leaching of tylosin-resistant Enterococcus in the MT and...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Comparing the three soils in the initial phase, it can be seen that the uptake is dependent on the availability of the antimicrobial in the soil which is best in the sandy soil D With the course of ... to the soil would be done via spiked sea sand at the beginning of the experiment Unfortunately, the high concentrations prevented the grass from growing A reduction in dose and in the number of ... incorporation of 1.00 g of the sea sand into the 100.0 g of soil the resulting soil concentration was 10 mg kg1 This provided a thorough distribution of the compounds in the soil and a slow desorption The...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... group of amino acids located in the N terminal domain of the polypeptide The C terminal domain contains the binding site for the hydrophobic substrate (H site) This region is much more variable in ... relative to the maize control (untreated) samples This was not observed in CTC-treated pinto beans The increase in the proteins banding at this size range was indicative of GST induction in the treated ... quantified in the fruit of apple and pear trees by Chard and coworkers.13 On the other hand, our research demonstrates the involvement of the glutathione conjugation pathway in dechlorination of chlortetracycline...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... what does and does not work in remediating the presence of drugs in drinking water There is no question that subtherapeutic doses of these compounds are finding their way into the surface and groundwaters ... chlorine to form N-chloroamines that can further decompose The kinetics and mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and three fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ... after ingestion, and inconsistencies in the way they are disposed make their presence in the aquatic environment inevitable Their sources in natural waters are not limited to excretion of parent...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... identified as the main elimination processes for these contaminants in the lake water Loraine and Pettigrove reported the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in raw drinking water ... 232 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems To date, the number and type of organic contaminants investigated are still limited considering the large pool of ... agglomeration of individual resin beads that yields resin settling against the rapidly rising water in the settler Since the MIEX resin used for benchscale testing was cycled several times through the...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 12 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems chlorine conditions, confirming that the hydrazone side-chain is the reactive site and the quinoxaline N,N´-dioxide and ... LLC 266 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems O– Reaction and Transformation of Antibacterial Agents with Aqueous Chlorine 267 of the aniline N and the other ... the Chattahoochee River in Atlanta—near the intake of a regional drinking water treatment plant, and from Lake Zurich in Switzerland—at the intake of one of Zurich’s drinking water treatment plants...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 13 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... driving implementation of innovative manure treatment and other BMPs, but improved understanding of the effects of these systems on the environmental fate, potency, and biological effects of hormones ... DHT.45 The primary pathway to inactivate testosterone and DHT is the oxidation of the 17-hydroxy group resulting in androstanedione and androstenedione.42 Furthermore, the reduction of the keto ... characteristics.8 13.4.1 BIOSYNTHESIS OF ANDROGENS Androgens are largely synthesized in the testes, secondly in the adrenal cortex, and to a limited extent in the ovaries and placenta As shown in Figure 13.2,...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 14 doc

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... ampicillin, novobiocin, penicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tylosin, and tetracyclines over a wide range of inhibition (from to 100%) This rapid plateauing in the inhibition ... activity in swine lagoon slurry in lab-scale microcosm experiments This work monitored the impacts of varying concentrations of sulfonamides, tetracycline, lincomycin, and tylosin on the production of ... directly beneath the slatted floor of the building housing the swine (Figure 14.2) The swine manure, along with excess food and other solids, falls or is periodically rinsed down into the underfloor...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 15 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... tetracycline Because of the high sorption of tetracycline in sludge, the influence of SRT on the sorption behavior of © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 356 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment ... 350 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems Residues of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals are introduced into the environment via a number of pathways ... investigations documenting the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, important information on their fate and long-term effects is still lacking.13 15.2 FATE OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN BIOLOGICAL...

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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 16 (end) pptx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20

... did find, however, that the elimination in the anoxic region of the biofilm reactor improved the removal efficiencies of clofibric acid and diclofenac to values between 60 and 80% of their initial ... of EE2/NADH removed by incubating EE2, NADH, and other components in the presence of an AMO-containing enzyme extract; the molar ratio of NADH/ EE2 determined during the incubation was 2.2, which ... LLC 380 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems 25 Martin, S.R Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the interaction of tetracyclines with calcium and magnesium...

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Transport and fate of persistent toxic organic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems: the Niagara River to St Lawrence River Estuary example pptx

Ngày tải lên : 22/03/2014, 14:20

... Schematic of the main components of the Niagara River to St Lawrence River Estuary system and their primary role in PTOC transport and fate are made up of four types of units The first comprises the ... role of these interfaces on the movement of PTOCs leads to a better ability to understand, model, and predict the aquatic fate of PTOCs The following discussion focuses on these interfaces as they ... Lake Ontario and the Laurentian Trough in the lower St Lawrence Estuary (Figs and 3) FATE OF PERSISTENT TOXIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS The fate of PTOCs in aquatic ecosystems is complex and involves many...

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Tài liệu The Role of BCG Vaccine in the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in the United States: A Joint Statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices docx

Ngày tải lên : 15/02/2014, 13:20

... useful in determining a) the efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered Vol 45 / No RR-4 MMWR and the vaccinee’s age at the time of vaccination ... resurgence in the incidence of TB occurred in the United States and included increases in the number of TB cases among adults and children and outbreaks of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) involving ... Control and Prevention The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States: a joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the...

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Báo cáo Y học: Identiﬁcation of mammalian-type transglutaminase in Physarum polycephalum Evidence from the cDNA sequence and involvement of GTP in the regulation of transamidating activity potx

Ngày tải lên : 17/03/2014, 23:20

... form Initially, determination of the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of puriﬁed protein was attempted, but no information was obtained, probably due to the protein modiﬁcation Therefore, the ... indicates the stop codon Three amino acid residues of the catalytic triad are boxed The single and double lines indicate the putative Ca2+- and GTP-binding sites, respectively That sequence included ... because of the attachment of the hexahistidine, the recombinant PpTGase protein appeared to be slightly larger These results indicate that the cDNA obtained covered the entire coding region Involvement...

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 01:20

... wider and much more inclusive view of the soil as a central link in the continuous chain of processes constituting the dynamic environment as a whole Thus it both details and integrates a set of ... areas of land We cannot manage effectively and sustainably that which we not know and thoroughly understand That is why the tasks of developing and disseminating sound knowledge of the soil and ... studying the passage of solutes through beds of clay However unique in form and function, soil is not an isolated body It is, rather, a central link in the larger chain of interconnected domains and...

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