... concordances and
discordances which can be attributed to chance will
be the same (a random pair can produce a concor-
dance or discordance with probability 0.5 for each),
so the effect of chance ... methods would access
any human models. The mathematical method, which
uses cluster silhouettes and the silhouette coefficient
(Kaufman and Rousseeuw, 1990), can also be used to
automatically determine ... DARPA and
ONR under contract N00014-89-J-1782, by NSF
GER-90-24069, and by New York State Center for
Advanced Technology Contract NYSSTF-
CAT(91)-053. We wish to thank Diane Litman and
Donald...
... If an unhandled exception is thrown, the
transaction is automatically rolled back.
The .NET Framework classes must be prepared before they can participate in an
automatic transaction. Once an ... Transaction
Coordinator (DTC) and the resulting reduction in performance.
During the lifetime of anautomatic transaction, the objects participating in it can vote to
either commit the transaction ... support distributed transactions that span multiple remote databases and
multiple resource managers.
•
Objects participating in automatic transactions do not need to anticipate how they
might...
... including pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly urban land use and transport, and leisure
and workplace facilities and policies that support more active lifestyles.
… Developing countries, meanwhile, carry ... management in rural
settings; safe practices for storing domestic water; management of solid
waste in and around urban environments; and the maintenance of water
supply and sanitation in urban ... including skin cancer), and
human papilloma viruses (cervical cancer, can be occupationally
transmitted to sex workers). Also, HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma can be
occupationally transmitted and is associated...
... into two planes of processing - the data plane and
the query plane. The data plane captures the flow of mes-
sages in the system while the query plane captures the flow
of queries and query-related ... Altinel, M., Zhang, H., Franklin, M.J., and Fischer,
P.M. Path Sharing and Predicate Evaluation for High-
Performance XML Filtering. TODS, 28(4), 467-516, Dec.
2003.
[17] Diao, Y., and Franklin, ... Query Plane Data Plane
Content-driven routing
build routing
tables
lookup in routing
tables
Incremental transformation
build transforma-
tion plans
execute transforma-
tion plans
User...
... 2005; Soricut and Brill, 2006), as
have the human-powered question sites such as An-
swers.com, Yahoo Answers and Google Answers,
where individuals can post questions and receive an-
swers from ... com-
pare the correct answers to automatic answers
produced by a system. For this purpose we
present a Wikipedia-based corpus of Why-
questions and corresponding answers and arti-
cles. The corpus ... information can be used to
post-process the data, and to develop an auto-
matic approval system for further data collec-
tion projects conducted in a similar manner.
1 Introduction
Automatic question answering...
...
evaluate the system without involving a human
judge, we annotated a small set of data manually
for evaluation purposes.
Gold Standard Annotation: Four humans
annotated 3 sets of test sets: Testset ... numbers
in each A and B column by assuming each anno-
tator’s answers separately as a gold standard.
In Table 7, accuracies indicate the agreement
between the system and human annotators. The ... Riloff, E., and Patwardhan, S.
2005. Identifying Sources of Opinions with
Conditional Random Fields and Extraction Pat-
terns. Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP-05.
Esuli, Andrea and Fabrizio Sebastiani....
... are three types of clusters :
1. Non relevant clusters.
2. Relevant clusters that cannot be labelled.
3. Relevant clusters that can be labelled.
Then an overall clustering score is computed. ... inflections (the candidate terms of
LEXTER are lemmatised) and takes into account the
syntactical structure of the candidate terms. For in-
stance, LEXTER extracts the complex candidate term
BUILT ... is mandatory, given that
the chosen clustering algorithm cannot be applied to
the whole terminological network (several thousands of
terms) and that the results have to be validated by hand....
... (experimental) and dry (com-
putational and theoretical), reductionist and synthetic,
qualitative and quantitative, and a systems biologist
would lay more stress than is conventional on the right-
hand ... Concepts and
Techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
298 Ananiadou S & McNaught J (2006) Text Mining in
Biology and Biomedicine. Artech House, London.
299 Swanson DR (1990) Medical literature ... Sci-
ence can be said to advance via an iterative interplay between the
worlds of ideas and of experimental data. The world of ideas
includes theories, hypotheses, human knowledge and any other
mental...
... and right
hand side of the nodes.
Foresighted Layout with Tolerance (FLT) An animated
dynamic graph visualisation based on a node-link rep-
resentation.
FLT is an offline approach to compute animated ... a comic
strip.
Animation An animation is a sequence of images which
are shown one after another. Each image represents
one of the graphs or an intermediate step of a smooth
transition from one ... one hand
to provide easy to access detail information and on the other
hand to uncover general regularities and anomalies of the
graph structure. This includes that the user is able to detect
and...
... (Prescher et al., 2000; Koehn and Hoang,
2007), document classification (Klavans and Kan,
1998), and in statistical lexical acquisition in gen-
eral (Rooth et al., 1999; Merlo and Stevenson, 2001;
Korhonen, ... Claudio Masolo, and
Alessandro Oltramari. 2003. Sweetening WordNet
with DOLCE. AI Magazine, 24(3):13–24.
Eric Joanis, Suzanne Stevenson, and David James. 2008?
A General Feature Space for Automatic ... Computational
Linguistics and the 36th Annual Meeting of the Asso-
ciation for Computational Linguistics, pages 680–686,
Montreal, Canada.
Philipp Koehn and Hieu Hoang. 2007. Factored Trans-
lation Models....
... different languages. For
example, if the words teacher and school co-
occur more often than expected by chance in a
corpus of English, then the German translations
of teacher and school, Lehrer and ... source
language whose translation is to be determined.
Using our source-language corpus, we compute
520
Automatic Identification of Word Translations
from Unrelated English and German Corpora ... co-occur more of-
ten than expected by chance, then in a text of
another language those words that are transla-
tions of A and B should also co-occur more fre-
quently than expected. This is...
... Christy Doran, Ja-
son Eisner, A1 Kim, Mark Liberman, Mitch Marcus, Mike
Schultz and David Yarowsky for their helpful comments and
acknowledge the support of DARPA grant No. N0014-85-
K0018 and ... for anaphora resolution and text summariza-
tion.
This paper is about anautomatic method of finding
discourse boundaries based on the repetition of lexi-
cal items. Halliday and Hasan (1976) ... ANAUTOMATIC METHOD OF FINDING TOPIC
BOUNDARIES
Jeffrey C. Reynar*
Department of Computer and Information Science
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
j...
... particularly Jan-Hendrik
Oltmann, deputy head of division, and Hendrik Eusterbarkey, engineer, at
the Waterways and Shipping Directorate for Baltic and North Sea coastal
areas and ports and river entrances; ... capabilities and limitations, and AIS operations. These and
other factors suggest that the identification of skill requirements and con-
comitant AIS training needs will be an important consideration.
Recommendation ... satellite transceivers),
planning may enable AIS-compatible preinstalled connectors and appropri-
ate software applications to manage the interface and transmission of AIS
data over long-range systems....
...
other automatic methods
Traditionally, automatic methods have been
evaluated by “Ranking”. This means that
summarization systems are ranked based on the
results of the automatic and manual ... as the manual evaluation method. The
range of the score of this method is between zero
and 0.5. If the score is less than zero, it is
changed to zero and if greater than 0.5 it is
changed to ... score y
ij
, and the
similarity between x and x
ij
.
In the field of machine translation, there is
another related study. Yasuda et al. (2003)
proposed anautomatic method that gives an
evaluation...
... Pang, L. Lee, and S. Vaithyanathan. 2002. Thumbs
up? Sentiment classification using machine learning tech-
niques. In Proc. of EMNLP, pages 79–86.
F. Peng, D. Schuurmans, and S. Wang. 2003. Language ... of Linguistic Knowledge Sources in the Automatic
Identification and Classification of Reviews
Vincent Ng and Sajib Dasgupta and S. M. Niaz Arifin
Human Language Technology Research Institute
University ... 90.5% and 86.1% on
Pang et al.’s dataset and ours, respectively. To our
knowledge, our result on Pang et al.’s dataset is
one of the best reported to date. Perhaps more im-
portantly, an analysis...