... model ofthe
role of point of view in problem solving.
SUMMARY
We have reported here a three
pronged approach to
the study of problem solving action and report: I) the
collected of data ... solving and talk about
problem solving, 2) development of a process model of
these behaviors, and 3) use of coding techniques to
extract traces of "critical phenomena" from the
transcripts ... relltld ~O
the
~r~romnoe oF
5he
problem tooK, lad o~here tt~c
are oZoeely related to the report ofthe task aoClona.
~n the psr~lo,,~ar problem demean ofthe H~aeionsr£ee
and CannLbae8 pusxle,...
... W,is
simply the sum ofthe body mass of all individuals. For organisms ofsimilar size, it
can be estimated by taking the product ofthe population, N,andthebodymass,
M. Similarly, the store of each ... obvious.
We asked the author(s) of each paper to examine the importance and role of
body size in the systems in which they work. Essentially the book builds from the
level ofthe individual and a consideration ... level to the
flux, storage and turnover of these elements at the level of ecosystems.
Our second example concerns the role of metabolism in trophic relationships,
including thestructureand dynamics...
... resemble teardrops [32].
Further examination ofthestructureand sequence of
sbwAFP and TmAFP reveal other similarities (Fig. 8 C).
The panel shows the similarity ofthe TXT face again, a nd
also ... determine the handedness ofthe proteins, or
may prevent the unfolding ofthe protein at cold temper-
atures.
The b-helix as an AFP structural motif?
The sbwAFP and TmAFP structures represent the first
AFPs ... of
X-ray structure with 5 °C NMR structure using the main chain of
residues Ser12 fiThr70 in t he structure a lignment. (B) O verlap of the
X-ray structure with the 30 °C NMR structure using the main...
... orm
of b strand [18].
The positive bands at » 1675 cm
)1
in the amide I r egion of
the ROA spectra of b-andj-casein, which originate mainly
in the peptide C O stretch, are characteristic of ... (although there is a hint) in the ROA spectra
of b-andj-casein may be evidence that, as suggested
previously [3], the b -structure identi®ed above mainly t akes
the f orm of unassociated b strands rather ... positive ROA
at » 1320 cm
)1
to PPII structure relies mainly on the
evidence outlined above.
In view ofthe c lose similarity ofthe ROA spectra of the
casein, synuclein and tau proteins shown in t his...
... between the
Leu residues from v-KIND and MAP2 contributes to
the interaction between the two proteins.
In conclusion, the present study has clarified the
structural and functional importance ofthe ... and 482) and
one Thr residue (amino acid 487) were well conserved
in the KIND2 of v-KIND in all species analyzed,
although not in the other KINDs. To investigate the
possible involvement of these ... under-
stood, the data obtained in the present study indicate
that the 43 residues (amino acids 702–744 in mice) that
reside in the middle region ofthe CD act as the
v-KIND binding core. The v-KIND-binding...
... (Met1)-ONC
(M23L) by the addition of AAP, as described in the
Materials and methods. Completion ofthe hydrolysis was
confirmed by the disappearance ofthe (Met1)-ONC
(M23L) signal in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra ... analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The
addition ofthe protease is considered the zero time point.
The relative intensities ofthe peaks from the mass spectra
were used to calculate the fraction of Pyr-ONC (M23L), ... simplify the protocol and shorten
the time needed to obtain a fully active ONC compared with
other procedures described in the literature. The application
of MALDI-TOF MS to the characterization of...
... basis for structure- activity studies. The high
selectivity ofthe a-conotoxins, together with the possibility
of obtaining detailed information on their three dimen-
sional structures andthe relative ... native and
heterologously expressed nAChRs
The examples presented above clearly demonstrate the
usefulness of a-conotoxins in the determination of the
structureand function of native nAChRs, and ... so far. The great variability of the
conotoxins and their highly specific action on different ion
channel subtypes derives from thestructureofthe peptides
which have evolved conserved and hypervariable...
... Fragments of HSQC and HMBC
spectra of compound 1. Labels illustrate
assignment ofthe amide linkage between the
amino group of Asp andthe carboxyl group of
GalA residue E.
Scheme 1. The structures of ... min), dried and analyzed by GC-MS with the standards
prepared from
D
-GalN and (R)- and (S)-2-BuOH.
The absolute configuration of
L
-aspartic acid was deter-
mined by chiral HPLC ofthe oligosaccharide ... allow u s to p ropose the
structures of oligosaccharides 1 and 2, as presented in
Scheme 1.
The o ligosaccharides were further analyzed by CE-MS
and by CE-MS/MS (Figs 5 and 6). The mass spectra
obtained...
... cADPR analogues revealed new insights into the
structure activity relationship. Substitution of either the northern ribose or
both the northern and southern ribose resulted in much simpler molecules,
which ... northern and southern riboses are pri-
marily necessary as linkers between the base adenine
(or hypoxanthine) andthe diphospho-bridge, as they
can be replaced by much simpler ether strands. These
ether ... ether strands. These
ether strands mimic the distance between the nucleo-
base andthe diphospho-bridge, but on the other hand
likely are involved in polar interactions with the
cADPR receptor protein....
... SDS/PAGE and in 2D PAGE (Figs 1 and
2; Table 1).
The N-terminal amino acid sequences (see above) allow
the assignment ofthe HcA clone to the major sequence of
the upper hemocyanin band in the SDS/PAGE ... against the hemocyanin fraction show
staining ofthe two 75 kDa bands in Western blot, but do
not recognize any other proteins ofthe hemolymph.
Although we expected that each of these bands contains
two ... primers andthe T3 vector primer. The
sequences were obtained after the cloning ofthe PCR
products into the pCR4-TOPO TA vector (Invitrogen).
Protein structure modeling
Homology models ofthe S....
... us. Neither of these
parameters are within the range of our experimental
observations, and therefore the predominant species in
solution are the monomer and dimer. Additional evidence
that the crystallographic ... arrestin and arrestin in the presence of
phosphopeptide is given at the top ofthe (B) and (C), expressed as a
percentage ofthe total signal from the detector.
Ó FEBS 2002 Activation of visual ... provide the radius of gyration (R
g
), defined
as the root mean square distance of all atoms from their
common centre of mass. The R
g
canbeusedtoevaluatethe
overall shape of a scattering particle. The...
... those in the TG structure.
The arrow indicates the Tyr27 residue. The mean and SD ofthe val-
ues are 0.25 A
˚
and 0.15 A
˚
, respectively. (B) The backbone atoms
of liganded and unliganded structures ... Displacement ofthe backbone atoms of Mglu and
Bacillus glutaminase induced by ligand binding. Displacement val-
ues for backbone atoms ofthe nonliganded and liganded structures
are shown. The average and ... 4. Effect of L-glutamate and Tris on
backbone atoms. Backbone atoms of the
overall amino acid residues ofthe T and TG
(T ⁄ TG), N and G (N ⁄ G), G and TG (G ⁄ TG),
and N and T (N ⁄ T) structures...
... region of the
1
H,
15
N-HSQC spectrum of
the C-terminal domain of human eRF1 illustrating the
presence of two conformational states ofthe protein.
Fig. S2. Plot ofthe number and distribution of the
NOEs ... However, these
structures do not show the coordinates ofthe atoms in
Fig. 6. Superposition ofthe representative NMR open conformer
of the C-domain (red and blue) on the crystal structure [20] of the
complex ... 0.08
Percentage of residues in
the most favorable region
of the Ramachandran map
91.1 85.5
Percentage of residues in
disallowed region of the
Ramachandran map
00
Superimposition ofthe structures on the...
... ofthestructureof NADP
+
-bound FeR
revealed that the nicotinamide moiety of NADP
+
faces the re-side ofthe isoalloxazine ring, and that the
2¢-P-AMP moiety is held in the groove between the ... sheet with the b12 of
the other monomer, and towards the C-terminus, the
subsequent residues, Phe182–Lys186, pass through the
a2 vicinity ofthe other monomer. For the FeR dimer,
the N-terminal loop ... present the crystal structure of
DvMF flavoredoxin and discuss the key residues for
ligand binding and metal ion binding, based on the
crystal structures.
Results
Cloning and sequencing ofthe flavoredoxin...