... W,is
simply the sum ofthe body mass of all individuals. For organisms ofsimilar size, it
can be estimated by taking the product ofthe population, N,andthebodymass,
M. Similarly, the store of each ... obvious.
We asked the author(s) of each paper to examine the importance and role of
body size in the systems in which they work. Essentially the book builds from the
level ofthe individual and a consideration ... level to the
flux, storage and turnover of these elements at the level of ecosystems.
Our second example concerns the role of metabolism in trophic relationships,
including thestructureand dynamics...
... resemble teardrops [32].
Further examination ofthestructureand sequence of
sbwAFP and TmAFP reveal other similarities (Fig. 8 C).
The panel shows the similarity ofthe TXT face again, a nd
also ... determine the handedness ofthe proteins, or
may prevent the unfolding ofthe protein at cold temper-
atures.
The b-helix as an AFP structural motif?
The sbwAFP and TmAFP structures represent the first
AFPs ... of
X-ray structure with 5 °C NMR structure using the main chain of
residues Ser12 fiThr70 in t he structure a lignment. (B) O verlap of the
X-ray structure with the 30 °C NMR structure using the main...
... all stages
of the reaction. The best explanation for these results may
be that the reaction of SDTG at the binding site of one
subunit changes the conformation ofthe o ther subunit,
thereby completely ... manipulations and analysis were performed using
the
PYMOL
software [41].
Results and Discussion
Synthesis of SDTG
SDTG was synthesized by nucleophile displacement of a
chlorine atom ofthe 1,3,5-sym ... k
3
isthemaximalrateofinacti-
vation (min
)1
), and K
d
is the apparent dissociation constant
of the E :SDTG complex. F rom the data shown in F ig. 2, K
d
values of 107.9 ± 2.1 l
M
and 224.5 ± 4.2 l
M
,forthefast
and slow reactions,...
... between the
Leu residues from v-KIND and MAP2 contributes to
the interaction between the two proteins.
In conclusion, the present study has clarified the
structural and functional importance ofthe ... localized to the N-terminal region, and their
specific functional domains are located in the C-termi-
nal region. The C-lobe of protein kinases mediates the
interaction with activators, substrates and ... regulation of neuronal dendrite growth. In the present
study, we analyzed thestructurefunction relationships ofthe v-KIND–
MAP2 interaction by generating a series of mutant constructs. The interac-
tion...
... native and
heterologously expressed nAChRs
The examples presented above clearly demonstrate the
usefulness of a-conotoxins in the determination of the
structureandfunctionof native nAChRs, and ... domain of each subunit contri-
butes to the formation ofthe hydrophilic pore. ACh binding protein
has structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligand
binding domain ofthe nAChR, and ... basis for structure- activity studies. The high
selectivity ofthe a-conotoxins, together with the possibility
of obtaining detailed information on their three dimen-
sional structures andthe relative...
... region of the
1
H,
15
N-HSQC spectrum of
the C-terminal domain of human eRF1 illustrating the
presence of two conformational states ofthe protein.
Fig. S2. Plot ofthe number and distribution of the
NOEs ... However, these
structures do not show the coordinates ofthe atoms in
Fig. 6. Superposition ofthe representative NMR open conformer
of the C-domain (red and blue) on the crystal structure [20] of the
complex ... 0.08
Percentage of residues in
the most favorable region
of the Ramachandran map
91.1 85.5
Percentage of residues in
disallowed region of the
Ramachandran map
00
Superimposition ofthe structures on the...
... Hence, the maintenance
of a condensed chromatin structure throughout the
entire body of a gene may rely on the combined
actions of Set3 at the 5Â end and Set2 at the 3Â end.
In yeast the cycle of ... methylated
H3-K4 which can then recruit HAT complexes.
H3-K4me3 is recognized by Chd1 within the SAGA
complex [22] and by Yng1 within the NuA3 complex
[169]. The Elp3 component ofthe Elongator complex
is a ... bp intervals. The lighter colour shades
depict the bottom half ofthe nucleosome, andthe exploded view
below the octamer depicts the arrangement ofthe histones con-
tacting 73 bp of DNA within...
... N-terminal ofthe mature enzyme and
by the ÔflapÕ. The anchorage ofthe prosegment andof part
of the N-terminus in the active site cleft is made by ionic
interactions established between Lys11/Tyr13 of ... linked with each other by three disulfide
bridges. A unique feature ofthe PSI is the swap of the
N- and C-terminal portions ofthe saposin-like domain,
where the C-terminal portion of one saposin ... Like
prophytepsin, the precursor form of cyprosin was processed
in different isoforms by the excision ofthe prosegment and
of most ofthe PSI [21]. Conversely to what has been found
in vivo [31], heavy and...
... orm
of b strand [18].
The positive bands at » 1675 cm
)1
in the amide I r egion of
the ROA spectra of b-andj-casein, which originate mainly
in the peptide C O stretch, are characteristic of ... paper, the theme of PPII structureand rheomor-
phism is explored by a comparative ROA study, supple-
mented with DSC, of caseins, synucleins and tau, together
with several mutants of a-synuclein and ... similar type of structure,
possibly b ased on the PPII conformation, and which may b e
envisaged as a more open version ofthe X -ray crystal
structure ofthe Bowman±Birk inhibitor. The rheomorphic
character...
... model ofthe
role of point of view in problem solving.
SUMMARY
We have reported here a three
pronged approach to
the study of problem solving action and report: I) the
collected of data ... solving and talk about
problem solving, 2) development of a process model of
these behaviors, and 3) use of coding techniques to
extract traces of "critical phenomena" from the
transcripts ... relltld ~O
the
~r~romnoe oF
5he
problem tooK, lad o~here tt~c
are oZoeely related to the report ofthe task aoClona.
~n the psr~lo,,~ar problem demean ofthe H~aeionsr£ee
and CannLbae8 pusxle,...
... strands B and C that protrude towards
the solvent and in the conformation ofthe long loop
connecting strands D and E [17]. Greater differences
are observed between the structures of B. subtilis and
zebrafish ... present and discuss recent find-
ings regarding the identification and distribution of
TLP genes in nature, the structural and functional
characterization ofthe TLP from various organisms,
and the ... result in the
truncation ofthe TLP at the N-terminus. This trunca-
tion has no effect on amino acid residues known to be
involved in thefunctionofthe protein, but result in
the deletion of the...
... orientation, in the groove between
the a 1-helix and a2-helix plus the GXXG loop on
one side, andthe b2-strand andthe variable loop on
the other. The center ofthe groove is hydrophobic,
and the edges ... in which the b1-strand and b2-strand are adjacent
and parallel to each other, andthe bÂ-strand is adja-
cent and antiparallel to the b1-strand (Fig. 1). The
length and sequence ofthe variable ... 1K1G). The
QUA2 region recognizes the 5Â-nucleotides ofthe BPS
(ACU), with the a1-helix and a2-helix and the
b2-strand ofthe KH domain region interacting with
the next nucleotides ofthe RNA...
... comparable to the hexokinase subunits [24]. One
lobe consists ofthe phosphate1 subdomain and the
predicted a-helix I. The other lobe consists ofthe phos-
phate2 andthe adenosine subdomains, the predicted ... fitted into the
glucokinase model using RasMol software. Figure 5 shows
the predicted structureof GlcNAc kinase with the localiza-
tion ofthe five ATP-binding subdomains andthe secondary
structures ... an antagonist of protein
phosphorylation [2]. Finally, it is the key substrate for the
biosynthesis of sialic acids [3].
The functionofthe salvage pathway of UDP-GlcNAc
biosynthesis is not...
... parts of a leaf are the tip of the
blade andthe top ofthe sheath. Where the blade and
sheath join, there are structures called the ligule and the
auricles (Figure 2.3).
Table 2.1 – Shoot structures ... Tim Setter and Peter Carlton
The structureofthe wheat plant described in this
chapter is the starting point to understanding the growth
and development ofthe crop, its nutrition andthe reasons
for ... determines
the rate of uptake.
Uptake of nutrient elements from the soil and into
plants depends on:
the availability ofthe nutrient in the soil;
movement ofthe nutrient, in soil solution or along the
surfaces...
... exactly the reverse ofthe situation
observed for the CCP1
single
and CCP2
single
modules
and probably reflects thecomplex interdependence of
the modules in terms of internal dynamics and may
also ... (2001) The role ofthe individual domains in the
structureandfunctionofthe catalytic region of a
modular serine protease, C1r. J Immunol 167, 5202–
5208.
14 Patthy L (1987) Detecting homology of ... under the conditions applied and therefore the
constructs could be reliably used to assess the interde-
pendence ofthe modules. This was corroborated by
the calculated s
c
values ofthe tandem...