... Arithmetic is the first ofthe sciences andthe mother of safety.” BRANDEIS It is the aim of this little book to point the way to a new scienceandartthescienceandartof Human Engineering By ... calling the first Idols ofthe Tribe, the second Idols ofthe Den, the third Idols ofthe Market, the fourth Idols ofthe Theatre 40 The information of notions and axioms on the foundation of true ... disparity between the rapid progress ofthe natural and technological sciences on the one hand andthe slow progress ofthe metaphysical, so-called social “sciences” on the other hand, that sooner...
... distinction the concept of fine art came much later The story ofthe development ofthe idea of fine art is a long and complex one but the separation ofart from craft happened relatively quickly By the ... the thrust to the foot ofthe cantilever tower, andthe two sides ofthe towers balance each other The downward forces from the towers sit directly on and compress the foundations This idea of ... the artist and not the artisan The artisan was simply called a worker in mechanical art a man with a trade The modern idea ofthe masterpiece was completely absorbed into the idea ofthe artist...
... are reduced [17,18] The lasers normally adopted offer the enormous advantage of being conveyed in a fibre, which serves as the working tip at the end ofthe handpiece The use of flexible, length-adjustable ... the advantages ofthe compactness, reliability, ease of use and affordability ofthe 980 nm Diode Lasers, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of one such Laser for the treatment of pathological ... question the efficacy ofthe 980nm Laser for photosclerosis of lesions and areas with little melanin and hemoglobin pigmentation [7] Furthermore, to avoid exaggerated fluences and thermal damage to the...
... toxicities, and side effects of conventional treatment Quality of evidence of safety and efficacy ofthe CAM treatment Degree of understanding ofthe risks and benefits of conventional and CAM treatments ... provides the requisite level of skill and training needed to offer this therapy The first part ofthe argument (that licensure authorizes the physical therapist to provide craniosacral therapy) ... the parenchyma ofthe liver, and lung andthe nucleus pulposis The density of small-fiber distribution is not uniform throughout the tissue ofthe body, being greatest in the dermis and more scattered...
... research was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, U.S National Science Foundation, andthe Industry Sponsors ofthe MIT Joint Program on theScienceand Policy of Global Change: Alstom Power ... differently to these caps due to the short air pollutant lifetimes and dominance of northern over southern hemispheric emissions (Figs 4b and 4c) The northern hemisphere contributes the most to the global ... induced by the capping of SOx Note that these climate calculations in Figure omit the cooling effects ofthe CO2 reductions caused by the lessening ofthe inhibition ofthe land sink by ozone (Figure...
... participating into thescienceof CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Scienceand Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability ofthe diameter andthe helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...
... know all about Andy Warhol, just look at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am There's nothing behind it." -Andy Warhol, 1987 Although Warhol himself neither offered nor refuted ... drugs and rock'n'roll The band he managed (and formed at the factory), called The Velvet Underground, would often play there But in 1968, the party stopped, as someone walked in that changed Andy's ... life andart forever Valerie Solanis, a groupie from the factory, andthe founder and sole member of S.C.U.M (Society for Cutting Up Men), walked into Andy's office and shot him three times The...
... pre-humans (and other social animals) began to live in groups, their survival was determined more and more by their ability to understand and predict the other members of their groups (which they became ... Interpretation ofthe printing code: The rightmost double-digit number is the year ofthe book's printing; the rightmost single-digit number is the number ofthe book's printing For example, the printing ... masterful artworks But most ofthe game designers, programmers, artists, animators, and game composers I know definitely consider what they are doing to be art, and they strive to raise their art to...
... participating into thescienceof CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Scienceand Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability ofthe diameter andthe helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...
... participating into thescienceof CNTs and there has been remarkable progress in the both experimental and theoretical investigations on MWCNT and SWCNT particularly during the last couple of ... this planning the present monograph is entitled "The Scienceand Technology of Carbon Nanotubes" as the successive version of ref for the benefit of actual and potential researchers of these materials ... 1271 It would be of most importance to establish the controllability ofthe diameter andthe helical pitch in this kind of synthesis of SWCNT toward the development of novel kinds of electronic...
... stroke: at the end ofthe intake stroke, both inlet and exhaust valves are closed The inertial action ofthe crankshaft in turn lifts the piston which compresses the mixture The ratio ofthe combustion ... openings in the bore wall The upward and downward motion ofthe piston simultaneously opens and closes these portholes The air-fuel mixture then goes in or out ofthe combustion chamber through the portholes ... rotation The combustion ofthe air-fuel mixture takes place in the chamber formed between the piston andthe cylinder head The piston then moves up and down in the cylinder via combustion pressure and...
... and manufacturing processes of automotive pistons 3.1.2 The use of Si to decrease the thermal expansion of aluminum Figure 3.5 describes the various requirements of a piston As the engine starts, ... between the piston andthe cylinder bore is too narrow, then the expanded piston will touch the bore wall instantly If the clearance is too wide, it will cause blowby ofthe combustion gas when the ... should look not only at the surface, such as the hardness andthe coefficient of friction, but also the quality ofthe substrate on which the modification is implemented The castings must have...
... follows the uneven shape ofthe cylinder bore wall Both the distorted cylinder andthe swing motion ofthe piston make the ring gap open and close repeatedly During this motion, the degree of side ... into the clearance between the ring and ring groove The ring lifts in the groove with the inertial force during the exhaust cycle The piston ring 109 JIS-B8032 prescribes that the decline ofthe ... to break the ring A lack of lubrication also causes material failure The surface roughness ofthe ring groove and degree of groove and side 92 Scienceand technology of materials in automotive...
... Nomenclatures ofthe valve The shape from the crown to the neck is designed to give a smooth gas flow Figure 6.3 shows the position and relative motion of each part ofthe valve mechanism The motion ofthe ... at the solidification point The solidification temperature of cast iron is proportional to the sum ofthe percentage of carbon and one-third ofthe percentage of silicon This is known as the ... a product ofthe pressure (P) and relative slip speed (V) at the running surface, evaluating the severity of lubrication and friction conditions The higher the value, the more severe the working...
... ofthe coil spring vibrates up and down at high frequency, independently ofthe motion ofthe entire spring It takes place when the natural frequency ofthe valve spring coincides with the particular ... for the valve and valve spring to follow the cam Valve float is the term given to unwanted movements ofthe valve and valve spring due to their inertial weights To avoid this, the load ofthe ... observable among steel particles The steel particles are sintered first It contains pores among the particles The Cu is infiltrated into the pores 150 6.7 Scienceand technology of materials in automotive...
... 8.10 Design of forging process The function ofthe forged part determines the required shape, material, accuracy and so on For the mechanical designer, the accuracy and strength ofthe part is important, ... rod (con-rod) and piston, to smooth revolutions The con-rod rides on the crankpin via a plain bearing The main bearing ofthe crankcase supports the main journal ofthe crankshaft The deep grooves ... the part is quenched in water or oil, whereupon a martensitic transformation takes place at the surface because ofthe rapid cooling andthe high carbon concentration on the surface The part does...
... coil heats and austenitizes the surface, and then the part is quenched in water The depth of heating is related to the frequency ofthe alternating current; the higher the frequency, the thinner ... hardening25 ofthe crankpin andthe corner radii between the crankpin and web The assembled crankshaft uses induction hardening ofthe hole into which the crankpin is forcefitted andofthe corner ... between the crankpin and web, and at the oil hole or keyway ofthe shaft A sharp edge and rough surface are likely to concentrate stress In actual parts, cracking often initiates as a result of the...
... prevent separation ofthe joint during operation, and so the bolt must be able to withstand the tightening load andthe maximum inertial force To reduce the weight ofthe big end, the bolt hole should ... surface area ofthe catalyst and range ofthe lambda window The available surface area of precious metal particles is maximized by using ultra small particles (1 nm) and dispersing them on the porous ... particles The typical chemical composition of sintered steel includes Fe-0.55% C-2.03Cu, andthe microstructure shows ferrite and pearlite The added Cu increases the density ofthe sintered part...
... the fuel and lubricant condense The quantity and composition ofthe particles depends on the combustion process, quality of diesel fuel and efficiency of after-treatment The soot is a solid and ... used The response and combustion efficiency ofthe wheel in acceleration is related to the inertial moment, a function ofthe weight The lower the weight, the lower the inertial moment and therefore ... reinforcing the piston-ring groove ofthe aluminum piston (see Chapter 3) The thermal inertia ofthe turbine housing affects start-up emissions Low thermal inertia means that the temperature ofthe catalytic...
... at low cost The third column lists the means for meeting the requirements of each function, andthe fourth column lists the properties required ofthe materials used The shape ofthe camshaft, ... Figure C.3 (c) shows the microstructure of a 0.8% carbon steel consisting of pearlite In the region ofthe mixture of α + γ, the amount of cementite 272 Scienceand technology of materials in automotive ... temperature ofthe water will rise until it is the same as that ofthe room This is the equilibrium state, and it will remain stable unless the temperature ofthe room is changed The phase diagram...