... of immunohistochemical staining Nuclear staining of NF-B and cytoplasmic staining of Notch1 and VEGF-C were scored in this study The intensity of NF-B, Notch1, podoplanin, and/ or VEGFC staining ... with the presumed oncogenic roleof Notch signaling during tumorigenesis, the finding that Notch signaling is diminished in epithelial squamous cell carcinoma ofthe skin would seem to suggest that ... lymphangiogenesis [29] Interestingly, LVD reduced prominently in lungs of mice lacking p50 subunit of NF-B, which demonstrated the important roleof p50 subunit of NF-B in regulating the expression of VEGFR-3...
... of DOF1 and DOF2 (mDOF(1+2)::GUS), DOF1 and DOF3 (mDOF(1+3)::GUS) or DOF1 and DOF4 (mDOF(1+4)::GUS) completely inactivated the minimal promoter, as GUS expression was abolished in all the mDOF(1+2)::GUS, ... out the involvement of a group of DOF proteins, known as CDFs, already characterised for their involvement in flowering time, inthe regulation of AtMYB60 expression Conclusions These findings ... region [10] Yet, theroleof DOF-binding sites in driving guard cell expression in Arabidopsis andthe hypothesis of cluster organization remains to be experimentally investigated The guard-cell...
... underlines below the zoom-ins, both the HPDK Hsc70-binding motif andthe LxCxEx Rb-binding motifs are preserved inthe predicted MCPyV large T antigen Noted on the cartoon are the locations ofthe ... expanded alignments for the Hsc70-binding motif andthe pRb-binding motif, comparing the putative MCPyV large T antigen with the JC and SV40 large T antigens Importantly, as indicated by the ... discrete protein domains, which include the DNA J, originbinding and helicase domains These facilitate viral replication by binding to cellular replication proteins, including Hsc70 (HSPA8), DNA...
... RT-PCR and western blot ananlysis and was assisted in these experiments by JAB and JAAG MM and CR helped in designing appropriate Muc16 primers JC assisted in obtaining and maintaining murine ovarian ... forms ofthe mucin MUC16 is both expressed on the cell surface and shed from the cell in soluble forms Muc16, on the other hand, is detected primarily inthe spent media andinthe intracellular ... important in understanding the immunomodulatory roles of this mucin The shed Muc16 should also be found inthe serum of mice bearing the Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Ovarian...
... participated inthe experimental design and review ofthe manuscript YZ designed the experiments and wrote the final manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The ... cell binding ofthe nanocomplexes was then quantified by flow cytometry The nanocomplex was functionally stable in culture medium and retained ~75% of its cell binding capacity after preincubation ... 12 hours the binding capacity decreased to ~10% (Figure 5C) To determine whether binding ofthe CD30 aptamermediated to the cell surface induced nanocomplex internalization, cells were incubated...
... radiation) Sensing and activation ofthe DDR is coordinated by proteins ofthe phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like protein kinase family: ATM, Bacterial genotoxins and genomic instability ATR and DNA-PK ... cell cycle and is based on the identification ofthe break and subsequent rejoining ofthe two ends Consequently, there is a loss or addition of nucleotides at the site ofthe lesion, andthe repair ... the art ofthe DNA damage sensing and repair pathways in mammalian cells, as well as the consequences of an altered DDR inthe promotion of genomic instability On the basis ofthe type of DNA...
... chondrocytes ofthe joints There would therefore be no initiation of inflammation inthe joints without the infiltration of bone-marrow-derived cells expressing hIL-32 The source of IL-32 remains unsolved ... change cytokine expression inthe presence of IL-32β Therefore IL-32β had effects on macrophages rather on than T cells in vivo, andthein vivo roles of IL-32β were mainly to induce other inflammatory ... inflammation was observed in histological examination ofthe spleen, the joint, the intestine, the kidney, andthe liver (data not shown) We next examined the response of splenocytes of BM-hIL-32 mice...
... was at the outlet point, the height of which was fixed during the observation period The water treatment apparatus was set just in front ofthe weir, and water levels inthe paddy field andthe ... Akita-Komachi Rice, andthe planting rate was 0.30 m (ridge pitch) and 0.15 m (planting pitch) The paddling and transplanting were conducted on June and June 8, andthe inundation began on June in 2007 A ... Isoprenoid quinones are used as coenzymes inthe electron transport chain for respiration of microorganisms The major type of quinone contained in each microorganism depends on the features ofthe microorganism...
... ligand-binding domain; a transmembrane domain; an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain; and a C-terminal regulatory domain [2] The extracellular domain is subdivided further into four domains The ... Distribution and frequency of EGFR mutations occurring inthe kinase domain in lung cancer (upper part ofthe figure) [12] andinthe extracellular domain in glioblastoma (lower part ofthe figure) ... betacellulin, heparin-binding EGF and epiregulin); and (c) neuregulin (NRG) (also known as heregulin) that binds to ERBB3 and ERBB4 NRG1 and NRG2 bind to both ERBB3 and ERBB4, whereas NRG3 and NRG4...
... result in repositioning of critical residues surrounding the ATP-binding cleft ofthe tyrosine kinase domain ofthe receptor and thereby stabilize the interaction with EGF-TKIs signaling cascade, independently ... Two such inhibitors ofthe tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, compete with ATP for binding to the tyrosine kinase pocket ofthe receptor, thereby inhibiting receptor ... turned off andthe cancer cells undergoing apoptosis Moreover, EGFR mutations result in repositioning of critical residues surrounding the ATP-binding cleft ofthe tyrosine kinase domain ofthe receptor...
... including those ofthe kinase inhibitor proteins (KIP) family andthe INK4 family (Fig 3) The KIP family consists of p27KIP1, p21WAF1 ⁄ CIP1 and p57KIP2; andthe INK4 family consists of p15INK4b, ... down-regulated by gefitinib or erlotinib in intestinal epithelial cells [53] Furthermore, the expression of cIAP-1 andof X-linked IAP is reduced by AG1478 in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines NA and Ca9-22 ... a minor roleinthe induction of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells Instead, p38 MAPK phosphorylation is associated with mitochondrial translocation of Bax and subsequent induction of in...
... inactivating at a measurable rate increase from the apoenzyme to the Mn2þ-containing enzyme, loss ofthe metal cofactor could be the limiting step in BLXI inactivation Higher Ea values of inactivation ... information for BLXI inthe presence of Mn2þ (or Co2þ) and Mg2þ would provide insight into the molecular determinants responsible for the differences in Ea The large variation in Ea of BLXI inactivation ... metal-binding site with the side chain of an amino acid These mutations to both metal-binding sites, M1 and M2, resulted in destabilized XIs For example, mutation of His220 inthe class I S rubiginosus...
... directional inference relation between two fragments In this work, we focus on leveraging a common type of entailment rules, in which the left-hand-side ofthe rule (LHS) andthe right-hand-side ofthe ... both the entailment graph andthe taxonomy) The index server applies periodic indexing of new texts, andthe exploration server serves the exploration application on querying, exploration, and ... as explained in Section 3.1, where all nodes that have no parent are defined as the roots ofthe DAG As a starting point, only the roots ofthe DAG are displayed to the user Figure shows the five...
... the N-terminus ofthe RT domain is required for protein interactions with the high-affinity binding site in subdomain DIVa ofthe intron, whereas other regions ofthe RT and domain X interact with ... motif, in which the Y354 and Y355 amino acids were replaced by alanine residues, andthe 2.5· mutant [27], in which the IEP was truncated inthe RT domain Therefore, the pattern of inhibition for the ... extension Inthe present study, we investigated the C-terminal region ofthe RmInt1 IEP up to the maturase domain andthe C-tail We found that the C-tail and upstream amino acid residues, located in...
... be involved in clustering of telomeres and may be involved inthe interaction with the nuclear envelope By its interaction with the stem-loop structure of telomerase RNA, may be involved inthe ... shield the chromosomal ends from nuclease activities The synthesis of telomeres occurs simultaneously with DNA replication The unwinding ofthe DNA strands is essential for the binding ofthe DNA ... has the ability to monitor proliferation in a minor subset of cells and follow the acquisition of different markers in internal proteins linked to cell divisions Inthe future, combination of...
... however, neither the choline headgroups of PtdCho and sphingomyelin (except for a small peak in THP-1) nor the sphingosine chain of sphingomyelin were visible inthe NMR spectra of DRMs In bilayer ... giving it characteristics of being inthe liquid-ordered (lo) phase [10] DRMs are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids (including GM1 and GM3) and selectively retain a number of proteins including ... respectively) The DSM fractions contained higher levels of 18:0, 18:2 + 18:3 and 18:1 at the expense of 16:0, 14:0 and 16:1, whereas there was a marked increase inthe amount of 16:0 and a decrease in the...
... investigate whether the different behavior ofthe peptides in inducing lipid mixing of LUV, lowering the TH of DiPoPtdEth, and promoting isotropic 31P NMR signals could be related to differences in their ... with the infectivity ofin uenza virus containing single amino-acid mutations inthe fusion peptide segment of hemagglutinin [16] Here we observed an inverse correlation between the lipid mixing ... 1–33, and WT-palm-19–33 appear concurrently with an increase inthe size ofthe vesicles, confirming that the ability ofthe peptides to induce lipid mixing is the result of membrane fusion In order...
... Hecker, and Binkoski 2004) Nevertheless, the ratio remains a subject of interest inthenutrition community We offer data on the ratio because of this interest and as a way to understand one ofthe ... fats inthe diet andthe confused and preliminary nature ofthe data needed to support specific dietary recommendations Considering the many kinds of fats andthe complexities of their interrelationships, ... reflect differences inthe nutrients (vitamins, minerals, and energy sources) andthe level of sophistication and consistency inthe results ofthe scientific research behind the recommendations...
... understanding ofthe basic principles underlying protein self-assembly and acquisition of new functionality HAMLET key features are related to the intrinsic properties of proteins to possess varying ... casein The tumoricidal activity inthe casein fraction was obtained after low pH precipitation of human milk [2,7] andthe protein component ofthe casein fraction was identified as a-lactalbumin, ... a-lactalbumin inthe MAL fraction was structurally modified As no post-translational modifications were detected, the folding state of a-lactalbumin in MAL was examined with CD and binding ofthe hydrophobic...