... Shulman GI: Prevention of fat-induced insulin resistance by salicylate J Clin Invest 2001; 108:437–446 52 Evans L Antioxidants: they have a role inthe management of insulin resistance Indian J ... antioxidants improve insulin sensitivity and help in wound healing (16,17) Along with others, the investigators have used microcurrent for treatment of chronic wounds and ulcers (18-20) In an ... and the decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance (7) The vascular and systemic...
... mutants [5] Determination of maintenance Maintenance is the energy that is used for survival of cells without any biomass formation Determination of maintenance was based on the inhibition of ... cells), even inthe mutant strain Determination ofthe intracellular volume In order to obtain the intracellular concentration of accumulated acyl-CoA esters, it was necessary to know the internal volume ... protein biosynthesis by the action of cycloheximide Cycloheximide binds to the 80S-subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and prevents the initiation and elongation reaction of protein biosynthesis The...
... a number of amino acid inhibitors bearing nonbranched substituents without functional groups, the hydrophobicity ofthe side chain is the main factor controlling Ki Amino acids that contain nucleophilic ... above The interaction of L-phenylalanine, L-methionine, and their a-deuterated analogs with TPL in D2O was characterized by the appearance of quinonoid intermediates, absorbing at % 500 nm The kinetic ... a-carbon atom ofthe quinonoid intermediate should go faster than the isotopic exchange ofthe proton inthe active site For the reaction of L-methionine, where no internal return is observed, on the...
... reveal a new, signicant event inthemechanismof cytotoxic action of BS-RNase on malignant cells The event consists inthe interactions, through sulfhydryldisulde interchange reactions, between surface ... was incubated in binding buffer inthe absence of cells no dimerization occurred (data not shown) These results indicate that a monomeric derivative of BSRNase in which disulde bonds are conserved ... Cys32, the cysteine residues originally involved inthe intersubunit disulde bonding of BS-RNase, are irreversibly blocked through S-alkylation Inthe active MSSAE and MSSG monomers, instead, the...
... sub-domains, and the two sub-domains are connected by an intervening sequence This intervening sequence is proposed to be protease-sensitive [21] Applying this information to the results obtained inthe ... hardening in medaka has been suggested to be a result ofthe formation of e-(c-glutamyl) lysine cross-links between subunit proteins ofthe envelope, mainly between inner layer subunit proteins ... expressed in terms of DA280 min)1Æmg protein)1 Cloning of choriogenin cDNAs First-strand cDNAs were synthesized from RNA extracted from the liver of spawning female Fundulus using the SMART RACE cDNA...
... of one monomer and the ˚ H strand ofthe opposite dimer, creating a 50 A central channel that contains the two binding sites for thyroxine [81] The four binding sites for RBP are located on the ... residues in this region that are normally buried on the inside ofthe protein [98] Dislocation ofthe C and D strands from their native edge region may result inthe formation of a new interface involving ... Thyroxine-induced conformational changes in prealbumin Biochemistry 17, 5729–5733 Kanai M, Raz A & Goodman DS (1968) Retinol-binding protein: the transport protein for vitamin A in human plasma...
... experimental observation given the constraints of total component concentrations and binding constants Discussion Studies in molecular biology have enumerated various interactions resulting in a ... controls the protein expression inthe wild-type is the shuttling of Gal80p Increasing the amount of Gal80p inthe cytoplasm by increasing the distribution coefficient (K) causes the switch to turn on ... connection between these elements The response is also in uenced by the relative dominance of these individual elements, which are captured by parameters such as the binding constants and the extent of...
... 8) In these studies examining the direct effect ofthe chelators and NO on the lysate, no significant effect was observed on ferritin-59Fe levels In addition, inthe presence of both GSH and GSNO ... within this protein NO reduces ferritin-59Fe levels in a variety of cell types The effect of NO at reducing ferritin-59Fe levels was found in a number of cell types including SK -N- MC neuroepithelioma ... effect of NO at decreasing ferritin-59Fe levels It is of interest that incubation of BSO-treated LMTK– and SK -N- MC cells with GSNO resulted in an increase inthe amount of ferritin-59Fe (Fig 4B) These...
... and an eightfold increase ofthe Na+ concentration required for half maximal inhibition Upon further increasing the pH, the Na+ affinity ofthe mutant decarboxylase increases and the Na+ concentration ... Na+-ion again, initiating the decarboxylation ofthe newly bound carboxybiotin This interpretation can explain why inthe S382A mutant decarboxylation requires very high Na+ concentrations and ... binding ligand Sodium ions may still bind to the N3 73L mutant through coordination to the other ligands ofthe binding site (center I), but the binding becomes much weaker as emphasized by the...
... fluorescence quenching curves of wild-type AKR1B1 and its mutants The binding of NADP+ to these proteins was determined by measuring the decrease in fluorescence emission at 338 nm (excitation at 282 nm) ... fluorescence quenching of intrinsic Trp residues after incubation with NADP+ in a concentration-dependent manner The Kd values of NADP+ for AKR1B1 and AKR1B3 are summarized in Tables and S1, respectively, ... Penning TM (1996) Characterization ofthe substrate binding site in rat liver 3alphahydroxysteroid ⁄ dihydrodiol dehydrogenase The roles of tryptophans in ligand binding and protein fluorescence...
... tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, alanine, glycine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine, serine and proline, respectively The amplified DNA fragments were then cloned, sequenced and ... residue 71 in collagen binding The elucidation ofthemechanismof structural protein substrate recognition in serine proteases should help advance therapeutic research into the prevention and 5642 ... specificity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and adenylate kinase has been reported recently [34,35] Moreover, the 60loop of thrombin lining the upper rim ofthe active site entrance is rearranged by binding...
... distribution can be well-organized by using a nano-channel-alumina (NCA) technique [11] Otherwise, the pressure of reaction channel and temperature are also important for the growth of SiNWs Inthe ... one, leading to an intercrossing structure Fig 3B clearly shows the original growth stage of SiNWs As can be seen from the figure, if Si atoms cannot be added continuously into the droplet, the ... direction and the final extending direction of SiNW (Fig 3A) In particular, when the nanowire becomes longer, the droplet at the tip will be pushed randomly and thus sometimes two or more will combine...
... of Mg2+ concentration The effect of an increase inthe concentration of Mg2+ was determined by measuring the rate ofthe reaction in triplicate at 154 lm CTP and 615 lm Neu5Ac inthe reaction ... backbone of Gln163 is shown in pink with the distance given in angstroms the negative charge ofthe carboxylate group ofthe second substrate, sialic acid, resulting inthe incorrect alignment of ... despite the lack of agreement inthe sequence alignment ofthe CNS and CKS enzymes for these residues (Fig 1) [13] Recently, inthe enzyme L-CKS, Gln98 (equivalent to Gln104 intheN meningitidis enzyme)...
... al Ring contraction mechanismof vitamin B12 Fig The highlights of previously postulated mechanisms ofthe ring contraction process inthe biosynthesis of vitamin B12 inthe anaerobe P shermanii ... C18O-carbonyl oxygen Mechanismofthe ring contraction process inthe biosynthesis of vitamin B12 by P shermanii Two mechanisms ofthe ring contraction process inthe anaerobe P shermanii have been suggested ... oxygen inthe ring A show that themechanismofthe ring contraction process in P shermanii is the same irrespective ofthe presence or absence of oxygen In other words, although we did not confirm...
... examining on the interpore distance on both the front and back sides may provide further evidence to the above inference There is a relatively linear relationship between the interpore distance ... structure confirms the non-uniformed anodization inference Conclusion A bi-directional porous array in an alumina membrane can be produces by the laminate foils approach It was intuitively inferred that ... blocking and triplex laminate foils experiments being conducted in this research It is further inferred that the nonuniformity ofthe thickness or material properties ofthe aluminum foil induces...
... breakdown syndrome From the beginning of therapy, clinicians join patients in seizing opportunities for increments of intimacy in life- defining relationships The patients' goal is to test others' ... interventions of different kinds must work either by enhancing the natural course or by making patients' behavior effective in a different way The theory guiding the experimental intervention ... [24,47,58,61,62] There is no significant improvement for a residual cluster of symptoms, a 'subsyndrome' [62] of hopelessness, emptiness and fear of intimacy With these concerns in mind, Benjamin and Linehan...
... (OA) [13] These cytokines may play important roles not only in immune responses and in development of inflammation, but also in joint destruction The role of T cells inthe pathogenesis of RA at ... giant cell tumor of bone The concentrations of both IL-6 and sIL-6R were significantly higher inthe synovial fluids of patients with RA than in those of patients with OA The concentrations of ... measured the level of a soluble form of RANKL inthe synovial fluids Concentrations of soluble RANKL inthe synovial fluids were significantly higher in patients with RA than in patients with other...
... antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity in several types of human cancer However, themechanismof COX-2 in angiogenesis remains unclear In this study, the data showed that down-regulation of ... statistical analysis Shuhui Liang and Kaichun Wu have been involved in revising it critically for important intellectual content Daiming Fan participated in its design and gave final approval ofthe version ... significantly inhibit thein vitro and in vivo growth of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901, and suppress the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which was consistent...
... HS can act as an endogenous inducer of an inflammatory response ofthe pancreatic epithelial cells This phenomenon of HS-induced inflammation was actually identified following intra-ductal infusion ... infusion of HS inthe pancreas [4] However, the underlying mechanisms ofthe inflammation and what effectorcells that actually are involved are still unknown [4] To study the underlying mechanisms of ... double-staining using ED-1 Ab (a clone recognizing an epitope on rat monocytes and macrophages) and Ab against MPO Details concerning the antibodies are summarized in table The single stained slides...
... HS can act as an endogenous inducer of an inflammatory response ofthe pancreatic epithelial cells This phenomenon of HS-induced inflammation was actually identified following intra-ductal infusion ... infusion of HS inthe pancreas [4] However, the underlying mechanisms ofthe inflammation and what effectorcells that actually are involved are still unknown [4] To study the underlying mechanisms of ... double-staining using ED-1 Ab (a clone recognizing an epitope on rat monocytes and macrophages) and Ab against MPO Details concerning the antibodies are summarized in table The single stained slides...