... investigation
of the catalytic mechanism and substrate speci city
and to understand the differences therein for this class
of enzymes. In order to identify the subsites of the
ervatamins and to understand ... both the molecules of the
asymmetric unit runs along the extended backbone of
residues 65–64 and is partly exposed to the solvent
(Fig. 2B). On the other hand, the P3 moiety of E-64 in
each of the ... using the programs cns [58] and detwin and
sfcheck in the CCP4 suite [59] confirmed that the data
were twinned, and allowed us to calculate the twinning
fraction (0.394) (Fig. 6A,B) andthe twinning...
... binding of the
Sfbgly interactions with the aglycone. Thus, the effect
of the alteration of the glycone structure in the stabil-
ity of the ES
à
complex (DDG
à
) for the wild-type and
mutant ... another important issue in understand-
ing the aglycone speci city is the contribution of the
interactions with the aglycone to the catalysis in
b-glycosidases. Mutational studies with ZmGlu1 and
SbDhr1 ... is that the
interactions with aglycone do not affect the binding of
the glycone within the Sfbgly active site.
This hypothesis was further investigated by deter-
mining the influence on the glycone...
... attached to the culture dish. Furthermore,
cells expressing the JSP1-G2A mutant remained
attached to the dish despite the fact that the mutant
protein was expressed at similar levels to those of the
wild-type ... in the floating
cells (Fig. 5C). Taken together, these data indicated
that JSP1-wt, but not the -G2A mutant, induced
detachment of cells and induction of apoptosis, further
demonstrating that the ... counted. The results are the mean of three experiments
(±standard error of the mean). (C) Cos-1 cells were transfected with vector only, JSP1-wt or -G2A. Cells detached from the culture dish and
attached...
... resulted in 55% and 51%
loss of the initial activities of BHLmL2 and BHAb,
respectively. These results strongly suggest that Ser is
involved in the catalytic activity of BHLmL2 and
BHAb and are consistent ... respectively.
The influence of pH on the activities of the BH
enzymes was investigated in the pH range 6–11. The
pH optima were determined to be in the basic range
(pH 8.0–10.0) for BHLmL2 and BHAb ... 6 and
Fig. 4, the Hill equation provided an excellent fit, with
coefficients of determination of 0.992 for BHLmL2
and 0.997 for BHAb. In addition, the fits of the
V = f(S) curves were sigmoidal and...
... evaluated by the statistical potential
used in the present study. In the case of the RNA muta-
tions to the SRP complex, the mutated RNA residues
are located in a double-stranded region of RNA, and do
not ... onto the RNA bases nearest the center of
the b-sheet structure of the RRM. We then scored
these sequence-variant structures with the distance-
dependent potential function.
Figure 2 shows the ... score; the blue line represents the rank of these
sequences using the distance-dependent potential. The points in
each colored line are sorted independently by rank; the x-axis is the
sort order. The...
... enhance the activity along and access
to the Hillsborough River and Garrison Channel, thereby extending the economic value of the
waterfront into the Center City
.
The North Downtown Village | The ... Neighborhoods and Our River for Our Future | 41
The future land use map reects the
portrait of densities, intensities, andthe
variety of uses within the Center City.
The Downtown Core and its ...
The East-West Green Spine | The Center City will have an attractive and safe cross -city
multi-purpose trail that links the eastern and western Center City neighborhoods to the
Riverwalk and...
... dehydro-
genase and its speci city, but also has wider
significance for the study of coenzyme speci city in
other enzymes.
Results and Discussion
Initial kinetic analysis
The coenzyme speci city of the mutant ... before the
steady state is reached: the presence or absence of a
burst provides information on the position of the rate-
limiting step along the reaction pathway, and the
amplitude of the burst ... resulting
from splitting off the nicotinamide ring, suggesting
that the covalent bond between the nicotinamide and
the ribose of the coenzyme is particularly labile. The
signal of the parental molecule...
... internal membrane side is
the rate-limiting s tep and not – as proposed for most of the
other electrogenic symporters – the return of the unloaded
transporter to the outside of the membrane [17].
In ... alanine, serine
and proline but also osmolytes such as sarcosine and
betaine, and the
D
-enantiomers of serine and alanine. The
apparent affinities of PAT1 substrates are mainly in the
range of 2–15 ... The apparent K
m
values of
D
-Pro,
D
-Ala and OH-Pro increased only 1.5- and 2.1-fold by
depolarizing the membrane from )120 to )20 mV. On the
other hand, the affinity of b-Ala did not change significantly
within...
... 3B). Thus for the SBD tree there is not an
obvious border between the hydrolases and transglycosi-
dases, but rather there may be one between the compact
cluster of Bacillus and Thermoanaerobacter ... 251 CGTase with the SBDs
from the CGTases from Thermococcus sp. B1001, Bacillus
ohbensis,andThermoanaerobacter thermosulfurogenes are
37.3%, 63.8% and 74.0%, respectively. Even for the
acarviose ... supports the idea
that there has been a separate evolution of this domain [30].
This together with the findings of the present study indicates
a separate evolution of the domains C and E compared to
the...
... of the services; described the
system of how these services are supported andthe flow of their
delivery. The assessment by the 178 health workers focused on
the adequacy of the budget and ... to the mothers while
seeking the services of the centers. Since the researchers could
not get enough respondents from the health centers, they went
to the elementary schools where other mothers ... procedures and to know whether the
newborn babies are being managed well by the mothers.
As to the health services for the children, immunization is
the top priority of the health centers. There...
... synthesis.
Conclusions
The N-termini of the catalytic domains of the GTFA
and GTFO reuteransucrases are the main determinants
for glucosidic linkage speci city. Within these N-ter-
mini, the ... a)
8
barrel with the three catalytic resi-
dues (Fig. 1C), determine the types and ratios of glu-
cosidic linkages synthesized (Table 1).
The A1
⁄
O1 and A2
⁄
O2 regions within the
N-termini of the catalytic ... sequencing),
both p15-GTFA-dN-RS and p15-GTFO-dN-RS were
digested with XbaI and SalI, SalI and SacI, and SacI and
KpnI, and corresponding fragments were exchanged, yielding
the six constructs p15-GTFA-O1-dN-RS,...
... speci city is more
pronounced andthe synthetic capacity is, respectively,
increased. In the latter system PA behaves as a typical
transferase [14,15]. The nucleophile or S
1
 [16] specicity of
the ... close to the position found in the
complex with PG [19]. The bond lengths and valence angles
of the nitroaniline moiety were taken from the X-ray data
for the system cyclophilin A andthe tripeptide ... described [26].
The other substrates were obtained in dry organic
solvents in the presence of organic base (pyridine,
N-methylmorpholine). The solvents used for the synthesis
of the respective...
... state (ES
à
) complex andthe rate of the reaction.
Thus, in theory, modifications of the enzymatic speci city
could be accomplished by changing a ctive-site residues.
The role of the noncovalent interactions ... or
451 and glycone 4-OH or 6-OH. The resulting data were
used to clarify the speci city of family 1 b-glycosidases, as
well as to predict the s peci city of new Sfbgly50 mutants.
Materials and methods
All ... Glycone hydroxyls 4 and
6 were designated 4 and 6, where ÔeÕ stands for an equatorial
hydroxyl and ÔaÕ for a n axial one. Therefore, the interaction
between any residue at position 39 and an equatorial...
... may
influence the shape and volume of the acyl binding pocket
and thereby alter the binding mode and affinity of the
enzyme for PAA and derivatives thereof, while maintaining
the hydrophobicity of the binding ... site.
To test the effect of the mutations on the speci city for
phenylacetylated substrates, the steady-state kinetic param-
eters for the hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate
NIPAB andthe inhibition ... AD and P refer to the acyl donor and
product, respectively. The speci city (k
cat
/K
m
)ofPAforthe
produced antibiotic is in general 10-fold higher than the
speci city for the corresponding acyl...
... Development andthe Chinese Eco -City 29
lution andthe resulting implications for health and well being. Urbaniza-
tion itself affects the people who live in the peri-urban and rural areas
through the ... cultural
centers. And because the authorities control the instruments of
zoning, employment, housing, wage levels and physical layout,
they can bend the environment to the city. These urban planners ... independence
and strength, but they are distinctive from the government and NGOs in
that they straddle and sometimes bridge the worlds of governmental
agencies and NGOs. Although they were creations...