... in these areas
is to arrest land degradation and to improve income
and living standards through soil and water conserva-
tion, integrated crop and livestock husbandry, agro-
forestry, introduction ... makes it difficult to resolve land owner-
ship disputes, to obtain agreement on the use and
management of common lands, and to introduce
improved technology and soil and water conservation
methods. ... as agricultural and urban demands expand.
Land degradation on sloping lands, including soil fer-
tility decline, can be expected to continue. Food crop
production will increase and the use of...
... residues and solvent molecules engaged in
ligand recognition and stabilization are drawn as balls -and- sticks and
spheres, respectively. The major interactions established between
the DHAP inhibitor and ... w1, which establishes two
strong hydrogen bonds with the ligand O1 and O1P
atoms at 2.5 and 2.8 A
˚
, respectively. Moreover, the
ligand is engaged in a number of stabilizing interac-
tions with ... Zn
2+
ion and the coordinated solvent molecule are
shown as magenta and cyan spheres, respectively. The strictly con-
served protein residues forming the metal coordinative sphere and
the ligand molecule...
... transcription factor A
and single-stranded DNA-binding protein. EMBO Rep. 3,
451–456.
2836 A. M. James et al. (Eur. J. Biochem. 270) Ó FEBS 2003
Materials and methods
Synthesis of [4-((11a
S
)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-
5
H
-pyrrolo[2,1-
c
][1,4]benzodiazepin-5-on-8-oxy)-
butyl]triphenylphosphonium ... binding and selective alkyla-
tion leading to a depletion of mtDNA in intact cells
(Fig. 1). Here we report the synthesisand characterization
of a novel mitochondria-targeted alkylating reagent and
show ... l
M
TPMP or ethanol carrier (A and B). MtDNA was
isolated from rat liver mitochondria (40 mg protein) and incubated
with 500 l
M
mitoDC-81 for 6 h and then cut with ClaI (C and D).
DNA was separated...
... aim of
understanding how PtdIns synthase functions and is
regulated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank A. Zachowski, E. Ruelland and A. Jolliot-Croquin
for helpful discussions and advice. This ... fractions rich in ER,
where de novo synthesis of PtdIns is most active. Thorough
enzymatic characterization of synthesisand exchange has
attemptedtounderstandifbothreactionsaremediatedby
the ... mechanistically, an
inverse synthesis followed by re -synthesis. The work carried
out on the rabbit lung and rat liver microsomal enzyme
seemed to suggest different enzymes as the pH and divalent
cation...
... 1.
Conclusions
In the last few years, the study of the synthesis and
function of RPs has both expanded our knowledge
S. Caldarola et al. Ribosomal protein synthesis
FEBS Journal 276 (2009) 3199–3210 ª ... Unfortunately, the
results lack coherence, and make it difficult to draw a
Fig. 1. Synthesisand turnover of ribosomes. RPs are translated into the cytoplasm and imported into the nucleolus, where ... of the
biosynthesis of ribosomes to the requirements of cell
growth and differentiation. In addition, a relevant
contribution of protein turnover to the regulation of
RP synthesisand accumulation...
... parameters and transport characteristics of
Bip-[
3
H]Pro.
Results and Discussion
Synthesis, chemical characterization and stability
of Bip-Pro
Figure 1 shows the structure (Fig. 1A) and the synthe-
sis ... existence of two conformations.
Fig. 1. Structure andsynthesis of Bip-Pro. (A) Bip-Pro structure. (B)
Bip-Pro synthesis: mixed anhydride (MA) method. (C) Synthesis of
Bip-[
3
H]Pro. EDC, N-ethyl-N¢-(3-dimethyl ... assessed by TLC, analytical RP-
HPLC, MS and NMR, and was found to exceed
98%. As expected for an Xaa-Pro peptide derivative,
Bip-Pro exists as a mixture of cis and trans conform-
ers in aqueous solution...
... other methods and arranging from 2 to 3.6 nm.
1. Introduction
Size-dependent optoelectronic properties of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) make them ideal candidates
for tunable absorbers and emitters ... technology, and
biological fluorescent labeling.
The properties of QDs are strongly influenced not only by the composition and structure of the
matrix, but also by the preparation technique. The band-edge ... tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and trioctylphosphine (TOP) [2], the hydrothermal or
solvothermal method [2,3] and the micelle or reverse micelle method [3]. The electrical and optical
properties of...
... tsnl
Synthesis and Application of Nanosize Semiconductors
for Photoxidation of Toxic Organic Chemicals
J.P. Wilcoxon,
Nanostructures and Advanced Materials Chemistry
Sandia National ... Photooxidation)
•Photocatalysis using UV light and nanosize TiO
2
and SnO
2
.
•Photocatalysis using visible light and MoS
2
nanoclusters.
Acknowledgement: Div. Of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Science, ... pesticides, and
polycyclic aromatics using nanosize MoS
2
to determine reaction kinetics and
final breakdown products.
•Investigate alternative, highly stable nanocluster catalysts (RuS
2
, WS
2
) and...
... choline- and ethanolamine-free
medium in both experiments and simulations, no net
synthesis of the major yeast phospholipids, PE and
PC, via the Kennedy pathway was observable. Adding
choline and ... PC and PE by
this route, which might be favored because of its lower
energy demand. The additional possibility for PE and
PC synthesis further stimulated TAG mobilization to
satisfy the demand ... simulations and experimental data for cell density
(dotted line and open squares, respectively), glucose concentration
(broken line and open circles) and ethanol concentration (full line
and filled...
... adenosine 5¢-tetraphosphate
Their chemical synthesisand recognition by human and plant
mononucleoside tetraphosphatases and dinucleoside
tetraphosphatases
Andrzej Guranowski
1
,El
_
zbieta Starzyn
´
ska
1
, ... from human and the narrow-leafed
lupin. ppCH
2
ppA and pCH
2
pppA, inhibited the human enzyme with K
i
val-
ues of 1.6 and 2.3 nm, respectively, and the lupin enzyme with K
i
values of
30 and 34 ... 5¢-tetraphos-
phate synthesis from ATP and ADP. Biochim Biophys
Acta 869, 107–111.
18 Randerath K, Janeway CM, Stephenson ML & Zamec-
nik PC (1966) Isolation and characterization of dinu-
cleoside tetra- and...
... 63 (2009) 777–779
Synthesis and characterization of silicon nanowires using tin catalyst for solar
cells application
Minsung Jeon
⁎
, Koichi Kamisako
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, ... various methods and metal catalysts via well-known vapor–
liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism [8,9]. Moreover, various materials, such
as Au, Al, Ga, In, Pb, Sn and Zn [8–15], have been used for synthesis ... SiNWs
solar cell using Au thin film and colloidal nanoparticles. The short
circuit current (J
sc
) and open circuit voltage (V
oc
) of the fabricated cells
were 0.53 mA/cm
2
and 125 mV, respectively [5]....
... samples
(Fig. 7) also shows
b
-SiC characteristic absorption band at
791 cm
À1
and SiO
2
characteristic absorption bands at 470 and
1000 cm
À1
[13,20]. The SiO
2
characteristic absorption peaks ... carbon and CO according to the following reaction:
SiOðgÞþ2CðsÞ!SiCðsÞþCOðgÞ (6)
SiOðgÞþ3COðgÞ!SiCðsÞþ2CO
2
ðgÞ (7)
According to thermodynamics calculation for reactions (6) and
(7), the standard ... distilled water and immersed in 5%
phosphoric acid for about 30 min at room temperature to adjust
the pore diameter and remove the barrier layer at the bottom of
nanoholes.
2.2. Synthesis of SiC...
... inter-
national journals and associate editor of IEEE Sensor Journal and has acted
as chairman in several Conferences on Materials Science and on Sensors. He
G. Sberveglieri et al. / Sensors and Actuators ... of
the nanowire lateral sides and apex. Electron diffraction (ED)
and analysis of zero-order and higher-order Laue-zones allows
precise determination of unit cell and space group.
Incoherent imaging ... shown in Fig. 2a, the length and width of the
nanowire measure 25.3 m and about 50 nm, respectively. The
length and flexibility allows nano-manipulation for removal and
positioning over Si-based...
... Biochem. 270) Ó FEBS 2003
Synthesis and characterization of Pi4, a scorpion toxin
from
Pandinus imperator
that acts on K
+
channels
Sarrah M’Barek
1
, Amor Mosbah
1
, Guillaume Sandoz
2
, Ziad Fajloun
1
, ... Tyr, Asp, and Glu; trityl (Trt)
for Cys, Asn, and Gln; pentamethylchroman (Pmc) for
Arg, and tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) for Lys. N-a-Amino
groups were deprotected by treatments with 18% and 20%
(v/v) ... apamin
and was shown to be less than 8% of the total binding.
Electrophysiology
Oocyte preparation. Xenopus laevis oocytes (stages V and
VI) were recovered and prepared for cRNA injection and
electrophysiological...
... which (named opgG and opgH)
are very similar to the genes mdoG and mdoH of E. coli
(Fig. 3). In this organism, mdoG and mdoH form an operon
under osmotic control that governs the synthesis of linear
OPGs ... transcription-transla-
tion of DNA and RNA templates by extracts of Rhodopseudo-
monas sphaeroides. Optimization and comparison of template
specificity with Escherichia coli extracts and in vivo synthesis.
J. Biol. ... digesting
pNFR14 with HindIII and KpnI,andinsertedintopRK415
digested with HindIII and KpnI, to give pNFR21 (Fig. 3).
A2.0-kbHindIII–EcoRV fragment from pNFR14 was
inserted between the HindIII and SmaI sites...