... context, efficient use of energy is a necessary condition for sustainable development. The debate on energy for sustainable development is integral to the linkages between sustainable development ... www.hsrcpress.ac.za15Introduction Energy, sustainable development and climate change in South AfricaMaking energy supply and use more sustainable is a central challenge in South Africa’s future development path. Energy ... Introduction 15 Energy, sustainable development and climate change in South Africa 15 Outline of the book 182 Sustainable development, energy and climate change 19 Working definition of sustainable...
... of energy directly into the other. Converting chemical energy intoelectrical energy always wastes energy, and so does converting electricalinto chemical energy. Physics and eq u ationsThroughout ... physics behind energy consumption and energy production can we assess assertions suchas “cars waste 99% of the energy they consume; we could redesign cars sothat they use 100 times less energy. ” ... The one thing I am sure of is that the answers toour sustainableenergy questions will involve numbers; any sane discussionof sustainableenergy requires numbers. This book’s got ’em, and it...
... barriers to sustainable consumption.Hence, fostering sustainable consumption through marketing can be a key part of the solution to today’s environmental and social dilemmas.To foster sustainable ... detailed picture of what sustainable consumption can be is presented in UNEP/UNESCO youthXchange toolkit12. Sustainable production, sustainable service and pro-duct design, sustainable procurement, ... and/or social value added on the mar-ket.Social marketing helps foster sustainable behaviors. Sustainable consumption Sustainable consumption is defined as “The use of servi-ces and related...
... lot ofpeople. We hear about sustainable development, sustainable growth, sustainable economies, sustainable societies, and sustainable agriculture. Everything is sustainable (Temple, 1992).”The ... limits and common values (Symposium on Sustainable Consumption,Oslo, 1994; UN Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD).The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD’ 2008) ... (Ott, K.2003).The United Nations Division for Sustainable Development lists the following areas ascoming within the scope of sustainable development: Sustainable development is an eclecticconcept,...
... unitconsume energy and that the only supply of energy comes from the nodes’ energy harvesters.It is therefore a delicate matter to design an energy- aware routing algorithm because a risk isthat the energy ... administrative issue compared to the harvested energy and the energy used for transmitting sensor-observations from the nodes to the base station.6 Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, ... for sustainableenergy harvesting technologies to complement their technologies. This is based on the fact that energy harvesting is a technology that harvests freely available renewable energy...
... distance: d energy deficit: energyToDist(e) energy- faithful adjustment: fFig. 8. A with consistent nodes using energy- faithful adjustmentsThe physical state comprises:• The stored energy e∈ Energy. • ... Energy Harvesting Aware Wireless Sensor Networks Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, Present and Future 26linear energy harvesters. A generic model for linear vibration energy ... whereComputationalState= R≥0× Energy ×R≥0× (Id → AbstractState )We shall assume that there is a function energyToDist : Energy →R≥0that converts energy to a distance so that less energy means longer...
... structures. 3. Energy harvesting from human movement The human body contains huge amount of energy. The kinetic energy from human movement can be harvested and converted to electrical energy. The ... and researches in this area have drawn more attention (Romero et al., 2009). So far, two common types of human energy harvesters are energy harvesting shoes and backpacks. 3.1 Shoes Energy ... studied energy harvesters mounted on sneakers that generated electrical energy from the pressure on the shoe sole. Output power of three types of energy harvesters was reported. The first energy...
... electrical energy conversion principle. Input mechanical energy Mechanical coupling Generated mechanical energy Efficiency of Energy conversion Available electrical energy Load energy Mechanical ... Kinetic/vibrational energy harvesting Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of an object. This includes vibrational motion, rotational motion and translational motion. The kinetic energy ... oscillation of the external force. Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, Present and Future 50Barrero-Gil, A.; Alonso, G. & Sanz-Andres, A. (2010). Energy harvesting from transverse...
... the optimum load resistance which ensures maximum generated electrical power namely, Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, Present and Future 84parameters of macro generators ... damping factor vs load resistance. For Qoc=10000, the maximum power is generated and Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, Present and Future 88damping is present but it ... estimated parasitic and electromagnetic damping of generator-C for 0.1g acceleration. Sustainable Energy Harvesting Technologies – Past, Present and Future 72 cplRDdxdNR −=22)(φ...