structure of carboxylic acids
ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS – CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2013, 16:20
... Moreover, introduction of ester functions of dicarboxylic acids or mixed derivatives containing aliphatic ester moieties and ester functions of dicarboxylic acids, 4.1 Acylation with Carboxylic Acid ... Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods Fig 4.3 Acylation of polysaccharides via reactive mixed anhydrides (impeller method) Highly functionalised long-chain aliphatic acid esters of cellulose ... (g/mol) 164 177 295 125 220 46 Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods 4.1.2 Heterogeneous Conversion in the Presence of a Base Esterification reactions with carboxylic acid anhydrides under...
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Properties of carboxylic acids
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 23:13
... group of ester and of carboxylic acid are comparably stabilized Example O CHCOCH2CH3 + H2O Cl HCl, heat O CHCOH Cl (80-82%) + CH3CH2OH Mechanism of Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis Is the reverse of ... Key Features of Mechanism Activation of carbonyl group by protonation of carbonyl oxygen Nucleophilic addition of water to carbonyl group forms tetrahedral intermediate Elimination of alcohol from ... group of the ester this stage is analogous to the acidcatalyzed addition of water to a ketone Second stage: cleavage of tetrahedral intermediate O + R'OH RCOH H+ OH RC OH OR' Mechanism of formation...
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THE structure of the multiprogramming system
Ngày tải lên :
12/09/2012, 15:05
... fact was one of the happy consequences of the hierarchical structure Testing level (the real-time clock and processor allocation) implied a number of testing sequential processes on top of it, inspecting ... process blocked in the course of task execution relies on the other processes for removal of the barrier Essentially, the proof in question is a demonstration of the absence of "circular waits": process ... cooperation of a set of such sequential processes can be established by discrete reasoning; as a further consequence the whole harmonious society of cooperating sequential processes is independent of...
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Characterization of the Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio and Fatty Acid Structure of Zostera japonica in Coastal Areas
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 10:17
... that of the roots and rhizomes For example, the δ13C of HCO3- is higher than δ13C of CO2 in sea water Characteristics of fatty acid structure in Z japonica We found about 30 kinds of fatty acids ... characteristics of carbon stable isotope and fatty acid structure of Z japonica Furthermore, we compared the characteristics of carbon stable isotope and fatty acid structure of Z japonica with those of the ... designates the sum of all the fatty acids with < 5% content The three fatty acids 16:0, 18:2n6c, 18:3n3 were found > 15% in the leaves and stems of all the samples of Z - 104 - Journal of Water and...
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the meaning and structure of a narrative a systemic functional analysis
Ngày tải lên :
07/09/2013, 13:48
... Table of contents Acknowledgement Table of contents Chapter one: Introduction 1.1 Rational of the study 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Methods of ... 1.6 Design of the Study The paper is designed in four chapters Chapter one: The introduction presents the rationale of the study, the aims of the study, scope of the study, methods of the study, ... for many areas of English grammar It is called functional because of his development of the theory of the ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions functional components of meaning in...
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STRUCTURE OF POLYSACCHARIDES
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2013, 16:20
... Chemical structure of β-(1→3)-glucans: curdlan (R = H), scleroglucan (R = β-dglucopyranosyl moiety) Structure of Polysaccharides synthesised by Schizophyllum commune possesses the same primary structure ... Structural Features Fig 2.4 Structure of pullulan The polysaccharide possesses hydroxyl groups at position 2, and of different reactivity (Fig 2.4) The structure of pullulan has been analysed ... 20–30% of the total bulk of annual and perennial plants According to the classical definition, hemicelluloses are cell wall polysaccharides that are 10 Structure of Polysaccharides Fig 2.5 Structures...
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Microbial Production of Amino Acids in Japan
Ngày tải lên :
26/10/2013, 02:20
... various amounts of sodium pyruvate, g of ammonium acetate, 0.6 g of pyrocatechol, 0.2 g of sodium sulfite, 0.1 g of EDTA, and cells harvested from 100 ml of broth, in a total volume of 100 ml.The ... soybea1ns contain lower amounts of lysine, which is one of Microbial Production of Amino Acids in Japan 77 the essential amino acids for those livestocks The estimated amount of l-lysine produced in ... long time, but recently another theory of excretion of glutamate has been published in which the presence of exporter protein of glutamate on the cell surface of the bacterium is suggested [3, 4]...
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Structure of vibrated powders – numerical results
Ngày tải lên :
01/11/2013, 08:20
... issue of interest is the jamming potential of a bridge A measure of this, in the case of a linear bridge, is its base extension b (see Fig 4.3); this is the horizontal projection of the ‘span’ of ... enough free volume 46 Structure of vibrated powders – numerical results (a) Case of A = 0.05 (b) Case of A = 0.5 Note the near-crystalline ordering Fig 3.13 An example of typical clusters obtained ... bridge made of n particles therefore always rests on n b = n + base particles For a complex bridge of size n, the number of base particles is reduced (n b < n + 2), because of the presence of loops...
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Tài liệu Structure of Solids pdf
Ngày tải lên :
17/12/2013, 14:15
... properties, are a direct result of the structure and bonding of the atoms and ions in the material An understanding of the origin of the differences in these properties is of great engineering importance ... amorphous structure Most engineering materials are polycrystalline, composed of many grains, and thus an understanding of the properties requires not only a knowledge of the structure of the single ... knowledge of grain size and orientation, grain boundaries, and other phases present; that is, a knowledge of the microstructure of this material 1.1.2 Atomic Structure Atoms consist of electrons,...
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the risk and term structure of interest rates
Ngày tải lên :
05/01/2014, 16:56
... Risk and Term Structure of Interest Rates • The risk structure of interest rates looks at bonds with the same term to maturity and different interest rates • The term structure of interest rates ... over the life of the long-term bond • Buyers of bonds not prefer bonds of one maturity over another; they will not hold any quantity of a bond if its expected return is less than that of another ... theories to explain all three facts Term Structure of Interest Rates – Fact Expectations Theory • The interest rate on a long-term bond will equal an average of the short-term interest rates that...
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the structure of central banking and the bank of canada
Ngày tải lên :
05/01/2014, 16:57
... for the regulation of Canada’s deposit-based financial institutions Copyright 2011 15 - Origins of The Bank of Canada II Copyright 2011 15 - Formal Structure of the Bank of Canada I • Responsibility ... operation of the Bank rests with a Board of Directors, which consists of fifteen members: • the governor (currently Mark Carney, who is the chief executive officer and chairman of the Board of Directors) ... Ottawa • The Bank also has regional offices in Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Montreal, and Halifax • Unlike a private bank that operates in pursuit of profit, the Bank of Canada is responsible for the...
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Tài liệu Gravitational Physics: Exploring the Structure of Space and Time pdf
Ngày tải lên :
12/02/2014, 16:20
... attraction between all forms of energy, it governs the structure of matter on the largest scales of space and time, including the structure of the universe itself As one of the fundamental interactions, ... president of the National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding ... the expansion of opportunities in both experiment and theory has made it one of the most rapidly changing areas of science today A short list of some of the important achievements of the past decade...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo " The meaning and structure of a science fiction story: a sysyemic functional analysis " doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/02/2014, 20:20
... terms of the address of all the preceding members in the chain Tables and summarise the total number of references, the number of clauses, the number of cohesive ties in the text and the number of ... for the first time The what is going on? of the text is well represented in the experiential component of meaning From the point of view of transitivity, of the 36 clauses 17 are material process ... The meaning and structure of a science fiction story: A sysyemic 39 said to the man We can breathe the air its a mixture of oxygen and R:P R:P R:D nitrogen. Both of them took off their helmets...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure of an ascomycete fungal laccase from Thielavia arenaria – common structural features of asco-laccases ppt
Ngày tải lên :
14/02/2014, 18:20
... threedimensional structure of TaLcc1 shows both similarities to and differences from the analogous structures of the ascomycete laccase (asco-laccase) MaL, thus giving a comprehensive view of the structure ... (Fig 1) The crystal structure of TaLcc1 contained 564 amino acids The overall structure was similar to that of other fungal laccases, especially the only known asco-laccase structure from M albomyces ... compilation ª 2011 FEBS 2285 Crystal structure of a Thielavia arenaria laccase J P Kallio et al thermostability of the enzyme [34] On the basis of the sequence of TaLcc1, there are eight putative...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure of importin-a bound to a peptide bearing the nuclear localisation signal from chloride intracellular channel protein 4 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
14/02/2014, 19:20
... complex (observed structure factors F pep ) with an apo structure of importin-a (70–529) o (observed structure factors F apo ) This structure is described o in ref [42] The structure factors ... reservoir consisted of 500 lL of 0.7 m sodium citrate, 10 mm dithiothreitol and 70 mm Hepes at pH 7.4 Drops consisted of 0.75 lL of importin-a (70-529) at 18 mgÆmL)1, 0.75 lL of CLIC4 NLS peptide ... Crystal structure of importin-a:CLIC4 NLS peptide mid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) cells and grown at 37 °C overnight in Luria–Bertani medium containing 30 lgÆmL)1 of kanamycin Flasks of 400 mL of...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure of the cambialistic superoxide dismutase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 – insights into the enzyme mechanism and stability pdf
Ngày tải lên :
14/02/2014, 22:20
... conformation around the active site of ApeSOD is independent of the presence of a metal cofactor Figure 3D shows the superimposition of the active site structures of apo, Mn-bound and Fe-bound ApeSODs ... compilation ª 2010 FEBS T Nakamura et al Crystal structure of SOD from A pernix K1 A B 90° Fig Crystal structure of ApeSOD (A) Monomer structures of apo (green), Mn-bound (magenta) and Fe-bound ... (Fig 3A) Three of the ligands, OD2 of Asp165, NE2 of His79 and NE2 of His169, formed an equatorial plane The other protein ligand, NE2 of His31, bound to the metal, in the company of a water oxygen,...
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Tài liệu Đề tài " The causal structure of microlocalized rough Einstein metrics " pptx
Ngày tải lên :
16/02/2014, 05:20
... properties of the causal structure of appropriately microlocalized rough Einstein metrics This result, which is the focus of this paper, is of independent interest as it requires the development of new ... take the use of the special structure of the Einstein equations one step further by deriving unexpected regularity properties of optical functions which are essential in the proof of the Main ... for the proof of Theorem 2.5 In Section we obtain some crucial properties of the components of the Riemann curvature tensor Rαβγδ The remaining sections are occupied with the proof of the Asymptotics...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure of Klebsiella sp. ASR1 phytase suggests substrate binding to a preformed active site that meets the requirements of a plant rhizosphere enzyme doc
Ngày tải lên :
16/02/2014, 09:20
... Content of the asymmetric unit Number of nonhydrogen atoms Number of protein molecules Number of water molecules Number of glycerol molecules Number of sodium ions Number of magnesium ions Number of ... chain of this residue is pushed out of the catalytic pocket upon phytate binding Here, PhyK mimics the phytate-bound structure of AppA, even in the absence of sulfate ions The side chain of the ... Crystal structure of Klebsiella phytase PhyK Binding model A crystal structure of the inactive mutant H25A of PhyK was determined for four molecules in the asymmetric unit The exchange of a single...
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Tài liệu High-level Expert Group on reforming the structure of the EU banking sector docx
Ngày tải lên :
16/02/2014, 10:20
... autumn of 2011 alleviated some of the fears Nevertheless, the financial system of both Member States experienced an outflow of around €50 billion of external funding in the fourth quarter of 2011 ... (as a percentage of total assets) Chart 2.3.8: Ratio of deposits of non-MFIs to total assets of MFIs, by country Chart 2.3.9: Ratio of loans to NFCs and households to total assets of MFIs, by country ... estimate of the cumulative (net present value) cost of a financial crisis of 63% of GDP They estimate that a major financial crisis occurs in 4.5% of years, i.e every two decades or so Regardless of...
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