... repeat and relative expression ofthe HD gene We then determined thestructureofthe mouse CB1 geneand determined that transcription ofthe CB1 gene was affected in striatal neurons of transgenic ... determined the sequence andstructureofthe 5¢-end of cDNAs corresponding to full-length mature CB1 mRNA and deduced thestructureofthe CB1 gene by comparing the cDNA sequences to the genomic ... sites within the CB1 gene upstream ofthe intron in the 5¢-UTR It is unlikely that premature termination ofthe reverse transcriptase reaction could generate the 5¢-end of these cDNAs as the adapter...
... [86] Nevertheless, the observed homodimerization ofthe GCD andthe metal ion dependence ofthe catalytic activity support the integrity ofthe expressed proteins As expected from the high sequence ... site in the AC C1 domain [81] The N-terminal and C-terminal ends of each monomer are labeled The two-fold symmetry axis in the dimer runs perpendicular to the plane ofthe page The dimer structure ... lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 to 23 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 [29,88–90] Together, these data seem to suggest that thestructureofthe Cyg12 GCD dimer may reflect thestructureofthe GCD in the dimerized full-length NPRA in its basal...
... exons On the other hand, the PM3 genes had 4-5 exons and a SUN domain that was encoded within the largest exon Comparative analysis ofthe maize ZmSUN gene structures revealed that the CCSD genes ... Table 1) together with the B73 reference genome, we were able to define the structures of five maize SUN-domain genes as shown in Table and Figure Three of these genes (ZmSUN1, 2, and 3) are distributed ... and exon structures within the maize SUN genes showed that thegene structures are conserved within each class The CCSD genes had two or three exons, andthe SUN domain was split between the exons...
... pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions ofthe v-KIND KIND2 andthe MAP2 CD were generated ... structural and functional importance ofthe v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in theregulationof dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further studies ... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members ofthe KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) ofthe endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21...
... SDS/PAGE and in 2D PAGE (Figs and 2; Table 1) The N-terminal amino acid sequences (see above) allow the assignment ofthe HcA clone to the major sequence ofthe upper hemocyanin band in the SDS/PAGE ... supports the notion ofthe usefulness of hemocyanin sequences for the resolution ofthe arthropod phylogenetic tree [4,6] Myriapod hemocyanin subunit evolution and diversity One ofthe most striking ... data analyses and phylogenetic studies The tools provided with Genetics Computer Group (GCG) Software Package 10 and by the ExPASy Molecular Biology Server ofthe Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics...
... human and rat CB1 receptor The CB2 antibody was raised against a sequence between the N-terminal andthe first transmembrane domain ofthe protein ofthe human and rat CB2 receptor The specificity of ... Furthermore, the PCR primers for glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase and FAAH were selected on the basis ofthe sequence ofthe FAAH gene (NCBI accession number AF098010) by including the ... for AEA, PalEtn and 2AG, respectively Analysis of cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase To determine the presence ofthe cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) andofthe fatty acid...
... for the determination ofthe structures ofthe conformers ofthe C-domain The dipolar couplings provided long-distance information on the global folding of both conformers Thestructureofthe ... on one side ofthe b-sheet and two on the other side The rmsd ofthe heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) ofthe protein core, when the NMR structures of both conformers are superimposed on the crystal ... between the signal ofthe HN of Gly337 in the open conformer andthe signal ofthe water protons All of these observations indicate that the loop region ofthe open conformer has a higher degree of...
... Additionally, because the demand ofthe chloroplast is ‘sensed’ inside the organelle, the IEM is closest to the origin ofthe signal, and thus regulation at the Tic complex could be one ofthe fastest ... which anchor the protein in the membrane The position and function ofthe long C-terminal tail on the other hand remains a matter of controversy [10,11,13–15] According to one hypothesis, the hydrophilic ... description of recent advances in the understanding ofthe channel-, motor- and regulatory components ofthe Tic complex For reference, some ofthe available knowledge, including the proposed function of...
... comparison of part ofthe protein backbone structureofthe representative solution structureofthe human eRF1 M domain andthe Ca trace in the crystal structureof RF1 in the whole ribosome structure ... on the equivalent segments of each member ofthe family ofthe solution structureofthe M domain of human eRF1 The resulting rmsd values (y-axis) and their deviations through the 25 NMR structures ... Fig The solution structures ofthe M domain of human eRF1 (A) The stereo view ofthe ensemble ofthe final 25 calculated structures superimposed on heavy backbone atoms (Ca, N and C) The poorly structured...
... involved in binding ofthe cofactor ThDP are located at the C-terminal ends ofthe b-strands of Dom-c (diphosphates and Mg2+) andof Dom-a¢ of a neighbouring subunit (pyrimidine moiety) The active centre ... with thegeneofthe benzaldehyde lyase and for helpful discussions, the teams ofthe Swiss Light Source (Villigen ⁄ CH) andofthe EMBL outstation Hamburg for their help with data collection and ... comparison ofthe relative B-factors along the ThDP molecules shows that the Fig Structure- based sequence alignment of BAL, BFD and PDC all of which are used in organic synthesis The secondary structure...
... CHAPTER – THESTRUCTUREAND DEVELOPMENT OFTHE CEREAL PLANT 24 THE WHEAT BOOK THE WHEAT BOOK CHAPTER – THESTRUCTUREAND DEVELOPMENT OFTHE CEREAL PLANT THESTRUCTUREAND DEVELOPMENT OFTHE CEREAL ... parts of a leaf are the tip ofthe blade andthe top ofthe sheath Where the blade and sheath join, there are structures called the ligule andthe auricles (Figure 2.3) Characteristics ofthe shoot ... structureofthe stem and leaf ofthe wheat plant 27 CHAPTER – THESTRUCTUREAND DEVELOPMENT OFTHE CEREAL PLANT DESCRIPTION OFTHE WHEAT PLANT THE WHEAT BOOK (continued) at their bases, so the...
... majority ofthe studies have been done on the GnRH-I promoter, and there are only a few regarding regulationofthe GnRH-II geneRegulationof GnRH gene expression The GnRH-I promoter In view ofthe ... understanding the control of its synthesis and release is therefore ofthe utmost importance However, it is difficult to study theregulationof GnRH gene transcription in vivo, due to the scarcity and ... differential regulationofthe GnRH-I and GnRH-II genes; for instance, there are different effects ofthe steroid hormones E2 and P4 on the two GnRH genes Therefore, it is possible that the two forms of...
... proved that iron control oftheRegulationofthe desferrioxamine gene cluster expression ofthe des cluster is mediated by the DmdR1 regulator Results Deletion ofthe desA geneof S coelicolor blocks ... boxes) in the upstream region ofthe diphtheria toxin (tox) geneof C diphtheriae andthe desA geneof S pilosus Several putative iron boxes were found by bioinformatics analysis upstream of 10 different ... control ofthe desferrioxamine cluster In this study, we report the deletion ofthe first geneofthe desABCD gene cluster (desA) in S coelicolor A3(2), which caused cessation of desferrioxamine E and...
... represent the NMR structures The quality ofthe final structures was accessed using the program of PROCHECK-NMR [35] Further analysis and visualization ofthe conformers including calculation of root ... structures of DMT1-TM4 in both SDS (pH 6.0) and TFE were chosen to represent the solution structures ofthe peptide, as shown in Fig The quality ofthe final structures was assessed using the program ... disappearance ofthe cross-peaks of Ala13 in the TOCSY spectrum (Fig 6B), a significant reduction in intensities ofthe cross-peaks of Leu9 and Phe16, and a moderate reduction in intensities ofthe cross-...
... to other proteins of this class, such as the DNA-binding domain ofthe Mu repressor [21] Third, the backbone atoms ofthe region comprising the ÔwingÕ b-sheet (residues 2–4, 35–36 and 41–44 of ... N-terminal, structured part of Xis is involved in the recognition of DNA [18,57] On the other hand, the results also indicate that the C-terminal a-helix, predicted in the work of Wu and co-authors for ... 12–17 (the flexible loop between the two a-helices), these structures can be superposed with a backbone RMSD ˚ of 0.71 A The statistics ofthe final structure calculation are summarized in Table The...
... in the mutant First, there is an increase in the negative charge in the active site and, second, breaking the salt bridge would alter the quaternary structureofthe protein and therefore the ... in the ArCMLE1 structureThe figure was created from the coordinates ofthe P212121 structureof ArCMLE1 andof PpCMLE (Protein Data Bank code 1RE5) (B) Water cavity below the active site The ... competitive 0.98 and 121 versus noncompetitive 0.99 and 58 Site-directed mutagenesis of ArCMLE1 From the crystal structureofthe P putida CMLE [6] and sequence comparisons with other members ofthe fumarase...
... LaRonde-LeBlanc et al Structureand activity ofthe Rio1 kinase Fig Thestructureand conservation of Rio1 (A) Thestructureof APO-Rio1 showing the important kinase domain features andthe Rio1specific ... Asp99 and Phe102, Met104 and Ile107, and Ser108 and Glu111, which marks the start of aC The entire flexible loop packs between the N-terminal portion of aC and part ofthe C-lobe (Figs 2A and 3A) The ... Stereoview ofthe alignment ofthe active sites of AfRio1 (green) and AfRio2 (orange; PDB code 1ZAO) (D) Stereoview ofthe alignment ofthe active sites and bound nuceotide of AfRio1 (green) and PKA...
... position ofthe chemical shifts of proton H-4 and carbon C-4 ofthe Kdo-residue (C) of compound andthe downfield shift to the same frequencies of proton H-5 and carbon C-5 ofthe Kdo-residue (C) of ... linked to the a-GlcN (A) ofthe lipid A backbone leading to a splitting ofthe signal of its anomeric proton and another phosphate linked to the 4-position ofthe b-configured GlcN (B) The far downfield ... glucosamine backbone ofthe LPS of H influenzae I-69 Although, Kdo-4P alone is not bound to the antibody, the position ofthe phosphate group strictly determines the specificity ofthe epitope as no...
... very indicative, in our opinion, ofthe adequacy andthe basis of this orientation, on the one hand, andthe destiny of linguistics, on the other hand Of course, these implications might be too ... constructions The frequency of WA, FA-, LA-, and Ø in front of QAD Frequency ofthe compound perfect The distribution and frequency of sawfa/saThe frequency of QAD, laʕalla, and rubbamaa The contextual ... STRUCTUREAND FUNCTION OFTHE ARABIC VERB Structureand Function ofthe Arabic Verb is a corpus-based study that unveils the morpho-syntax andthe semantics ofthe Arabic verb...