... closelyrelated to that of linguistic head nouns and modi-fiers for noun phrases. In many cases, the IHs of noun phrase queries are exactly the head nouns inthe linguistic sense. Exceptions mostly ... identifying head nouns.In identifying IHs in nounphrase queries, how-ever, direct syntactic analysis is unlikely to be aseffective. This is because syntactic structures arein general less pronounced ... makes such decisions,we first need to understand what constitute the se-mantic structure of a nounphrase query.3.1 DefinitionWe let C denote a set of query intent classes thatrepresent semantic...
... and Cardie & Pierce (1998) use rule-based systems. 2 Learning Base Noun Phrases by Machine We used the base nounphrase system of Ramshaw and Marcus (R&M) as the machine learning ... set. The distribution of nounphrase types, iden- tified by their part of speech sequence, roughly obeys Zipf's Law (Zipf, 1935): there is a large tail of nounphrase types that occur ... is not a rule that can generalize across a large number of these low-frequency noun phrases, the only way noun phrases in the tail of the distribution can be learned is by learning low-count...
... coreference resolution of noun phrases.Computational Linguistics, 27(4):521–544.Veselin Stoyanov, Nathan Gilbert, Claire Cardie, andEllen Riloff. 2009. Conundrums in noun phrase coreference resolution: ... theantecedent for an NP, NPk, the closest preceding noun phrase that is classified as coreferent with it.4However, if no such preceding nounphrase exists,no antecedent is selected for NPk. ... Empirical Evaluations ofPronoun Resolution. Ph.D. thesis, University ofRochester, USA.Olga Uryupina. 2003. High-precision identification ofdiscourse new and unique noun phrases. In Proceed-ings...
... Complex noun sequences. Semantic patterns in complex noun phrases fall into two types: part names and other noun phrases. Names for pieces of equipment often con- tain complex noun sequences, ... more noun modifiers of nouns constructions (Noun + Noun construc- tions) in the equipment failure messages than there were in the medical records, and more prepositional phrase modifiers of noun ... In other noun phrases, i.e. those that are not part names, the head nouns can have other semantic categories. For example, looking back at the sentences in (3), the head noun of a noun sequence...
... of noun phrases: one is noun- headed phrases; the other one is pronoun-headed phrase. Pronoun-headedphrases play different functions as the same as noun- headed phrases do. In addition,pronoun-headed ... isthat pronoun-headed phrases in subject function are more frequent than noun- headedphrases in spoken, but pronoun-headed phrases in object function is less frequent than noun- headed phrases in ... English. On the other hand, noun- 4EXAMPLE1.2 Background1.2.1 The noun phrase According to Bakken (2006), the head of a nounphrase is a noun or a pronoun. Ifthe head is a noun, it may combine with...
... head nouns from base noun phrases (NPB) (i.e. noun phrases that do not dominate other noun phrases) because the underspecified annotation of NPBsin the WSJ means that the conjoined head nouns ... extracted all noun pairs from the BNC whichoccurred in a pattern of the form: noun cc noun 1,as well as lists of any number of nouns separated bycommas and ending in cc noun. Each noun in the ... first consistsof all nouns pairs which make up the head wordsof two conjuncts in coordinate noun phrases (againnot including coordinate NPBs). We found 601 suchcoordinate noun pairs. The second...
... [adjective, noun] as a lexical atom than for the pair [noun, noun] : a noun- noun pair is much more likely to be a lexical atom than an adjective -noun one. The general process of phrase generation ... optimum phrase analysis (described below). Lexical atoms are discovered at the same time, during simplex nounphrase parsing. Phrase generation is quite simple. Once the struc- ture of a nounphrase ... from complex noun phrases exploiting both corpus- statistics and linguistic heuristics. Using such sub- compounds rather than whole noun phrases as in- dexing terms helps a phrase- based IR...
... noun phrases(2) Generalization by noun phrasesMT output :NP1 NP2 NP3Reference :NP NP3 NP1 NP2Figure 3: Example of generalization by noun phrases.Figure 3 presents three corresponding noun phrases ... γ2Pwd multi(8)2.3 Phrase- level ScoreThe system calculates the phrase- level scoreusing the noun phrases obtained by chunking.First, the system extracts only noun phrasesfrom sentences. ... thecommon nounphrase parts; mcnpand ncnprespectively signify the quantities of common noun phrases in the reference and MT output.Moreover, mno cnpand nno cnpare the quanti-ties of noun phrases...
... labelling noun phrases in natural language text. The input to this task is free text with part-of-speech tags. The output is the same text with brackets around base noun phrases. A base nounphrase ... Abstract We present a method for NounPhrase chunking in Hebrew. We show that the traditional definition of base-NPs as non-recursive noun phrases does not apply in Hebrew, and propose ... Hebrew Simple NP Chunks The standard definition of English base-NPs is any nounphrase that does not contain another noun phrase, with possessives treated as a special case, viewing the possessive...