... prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury, part 1: Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic braininjury J Neurotrauma 2000;17:451-533 Piek J Decompressive surgery in the treatment of traumatic ... EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults European BrainInjury Consortium Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139:286-294 The Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons ... authors.11, 26 The temporary removal of a piece of skull followed by loose closure of the dura and skin layers presumably allows for expansion of the edematous brain into a durotomy “bag” under...
... conditions ofbrain function the patient may deny the paralysis of an arm whether it results from a fracture, an injury to the brachial plexus, a brain stem or cortical lesion The effect of the brain ... review of the concept of consciousness in contemporary science It provided an in-depth theoretical analysis of the uses of the term consciousness, its 14 AWARENESS OF DEFICIT AFTER BRAININJURY ... left -brain- damaged patients, language disorders may 22 AWARENESS OF DEFICIT AFTER BRAININJURY conceal unawareness of disease much more effectively than symptoms of neglect Although an overview of...
... sample consisted of 11 men and women ranging from 16 to 76 years old (47.3 ± 17.8) and a mean chronicity of 570.9 ± 313.2 days Etiology of acquired braininjury in this group of patients included ... with acquired braininjury José-Antonio Gil-Gómez1*, Roberto Lloréns1, Mariano Alcañiz1,3 and Carolina Colomer2 Abstract Background: Acquired braininjury (ABI) is the main cause of death and ... traumatic braininjury (TBI) (n = 3), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (n = 11), and benign cerebral neoplasm (BCN) (n = 3) Table shows a summary of the characteristics of the subjects None of the...
... College of Psychiatry 2004, 4:25-28 BrainInjury Association of America: Facts about traumatic braininjury [http://www.biausa.org/aboutbi.htm] Niemiec RP, Walberg HJ: Comparative effects of computer-assisted ... took account of the level of cues given The advantage of this algorithm in terms of feedback to the user is that it provides the necessary reinforcement or prompting for the initiation of activity, ... K, Minor U, Sonesson B, Johansson G: Three applications of virtual reality for braininjury rehabilitation of daily tasks In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Disability, Virtual...
... to ensure equal injuryseverity between the groups The systemic (i.p.) route of administration and the time window of injection were selected based on the breakdown of the blood -brain barrier (BBB) ... inhibitor of the alternative pathway in mice [31,34,36,37] in the setting of a standardized model of closed head injury [38] Methods Animals All experiments were performed in adult male mice of the ... pathway activity after traumatic braininjury (TBI) Functional Functional assessment of mAb 1379 on alternative complement pathway activity after traumatic braininjury (TBI) Relative alternative...
... functional evidence for a role of microglia-derived IL-1α in braininjury is not provided here In cerebral ischemia the primary injury to brain cells is caused by the lack of blood supply and so can ... mediator of the sterile inflammatory response Findings Inflammation is recognised as a major contributor to the worsening of acute braininjury [1] In particular two pro-inflammatory members of the ... 2B) IgG cannot cross an intact blood brain barrier (BBB) and its presence in the brain parenchyma indicates BBB disruption and injury [9] Staining of coronal brain sections from C57BL6/H mice (Figure...
... inclusion criteria were complete documentation of all required parameters for calculation of the severity scores of vascular injuries Presence of any of the following factors led to exclusion: age ... assessment ofseverityof vascular injuries was performed according to the Score by Vollmar and the MESS Vollmar classified the severityof direct vascular injuries based on the lesion of the different ... predictable value of a MESS score greater Mommsen et al Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010, 5:25 http://www.josr-online.com/content/5/1/25 Severityof vascular injuries Severityof vascular...
... BG: Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effects of pre- and post -injury administration of scopolomine and MK-801 Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1993, 1:223-226 31 Phillips LL, Lyeth ... Gennarelli TA: Animate models of human head injury J Neurotrauma 1994, 11:357-368 29 Povlishock JT, Hayes RL, Michel ME, McIntosh TK: Workshop of animal models of traumatic braininjury J Neurotrauma ... model of experimental braininjury in the rat J Neurosurg 1987, 67:110-119 27 Thompson HJ, Lifshitz J, Marklund N, Grady MS, Graham DI, Hovda DA, McIntosh TK: Lateral fluid percussion brain injury: ...
... score of 13–15) The distribution of the severityofbrain injury, as assessed by the GCS, is shown in Figure 1–8 In terms of emergency department visits and hospital admissions, the majority ofbrain ... series) only to a range of 8–15) Injuryseverity varied considerably across these studies of “mild” braininjury The variation is regrettable, given that the severityof the injury appears to be ... and a host of vascular and hematological abnormalities that constitute some of the medical complications of head injury Diffuse BrainInjury Diffuse braininjury describes a number of pathologies,...
... related to the severityof injury, as manifested by duration of unconsciousness or posttraumatic amnesia Regardless of the method used to determine injury severity, increasing severityofinjury results ... both the degree of orientation and recall of newly learned material The length of PTA is one of the best indicators of the severityofinjury and is a clinically useful predictor of outcome Furthermore, ... neuroanatomy of the skull, brain tissue, and blood vessels, have proved immensely helpful in assessment of extent ofbraininjury and in following the medical sequelae of traumatic braininjury (TBI),...
... Institute of Emergency Medical Services System (Fedoroff et al 1992) The patients in our sample were mostly white men of 201 202 FIGURE 10–1 braininjury TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAININJURY The ... each of three classes of neurophysiological variables comprising the discriminant function were understood as modifications ofbrain function attributable to the effects of mechanical braininjury ... assessment ofbrain behavior relationships, using psychometric methods This evaluation provides important information regarding type and severityofbraininjury and course and process of recovery,...
... intracellular and total brain magnesium; and possible changes in nitric oxide There seems to be an inverse relation between the severityof the braininjury or whiplash and the severityof postconcussion ... TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAININJURY may be increased because of activation or sensitization of peripheral sensory afferents This barrage of nociceptive impulses may result in sensitization of second- ... pre- and postinjury Sleep pattern and duration pre- and postinjury Type and severityofbraininjury Various treatments received since injury Alcohol and substance abuse history Medical history,...
... result ofinjury (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2001) At the more serious end of the spectrum, injury is the cause of 150,000 deaths every year and is the leading source of death ... deals with the issue (Brain Injury Association of America 2001b) At this time, the annual incidence of TBI is greater than that of the more widely known conditions of spinal cord injury, breast cancer, ... Abbreviated Injury Score of or greater, and a severe injury was defined as one with a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score of or greater On the basis of information collected on two car crashes, the effect of...
... Prognosis of Severe Traumatic BrainInjury Part I: Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic BrainInjury [http://www2.braintrauma.org/guidelines/ downloadbtf_guidelines_management.pdf?BrainTrauma_Session ... Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic BrainInjury [19], which included control of body temperature, elevation of the head of the bed, seizure prophylaxis, avoidance of jugular outflow obstruction, ... values of insufficient (< 60 mmHg), advised (60 to 70 mmHg) and excessive (> 70 mm Hg) CPP in the absence ofbrain ischemia, following updated guidelines for CPP management of severe traumatic brain...
... suppressed with further bolus doses of 100 mg of propofol, but would recur despite increasing the infusion of propofol to 80 µg/kg/minute Therefore, a loading dose of 700 mg of pentobarbital was given ... 12:23-27 33 Management and Prognosis of Severe Traumatic BrainInjury Part II: Early Indicators of Prognosis in Severe Traumatic BrainInjury [http://www2.braintrauma.org/guidelines/downloads/ ... continuous infusions of intravenous propofol or midazolam can also be considered as agents of choice in RSE because of better side effect profiles and easier titration [26,27] For cases of prolonged...