species sensitivity distributions in ecological risk assessment distributional assumptions alte
Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology - Section 1 ppsx
... Theory of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity Distributions Nico M van Straalen Chapter Normal Species Sensitivity Distributions and Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment ... mandated the use of SSDs in ecological risk assessment However, individual Canadians have been active in the development and use of SSD in ecological risk assessment, including the ARAMDG and ECOFRAM ... of SSDs, beginning in the early 1990s, for ecological risk assessment of chemicals and contaminated sites Subsequently, the EPA endorsed the use of SSDs in ecological risk assessment In the 1990s,...
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Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology - Section 2 pdf
... Another interesting aspect of the species sensitivity framework is that the concept of ecological risk (δ) can integrate different types of effects and can express their joint risk in a single ... measurement of sensitivity includes errors That is why species sensitivity comes as a distribution.” Another line of reasoning is: “There are differences in sensitivity among species The sensitivity ... Theory of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity Distributions Nico M van Straalen CONTENTS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Derivation of Ecological Risk 4.3 Probability Generating Mechanisms...
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Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology - Section 3 ppt
... DHTDMAC case was the first case in which extrapolation methodologies based on Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) were applied in risk assessment of industrial chemicals in the European Union (EU) ... results in benchmarks that have greater uncertainty than benchmarks obtained by interpolation However, increasing the minimum required number of MAVs will tend to increase the cost of satisfying ... sediment effect assessment would be required to increase the nominal safe usage threshold of this material Again, MPC uncertainty was determined as the most in uential parameter affecting the exposure/effect...
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Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology - Section 4 (end) doc
... 21.5.8 Combining Chemicals in Distributions Selection of Protection Levels Risk Assessment Issues 21.7.1 Exposure 21.7.2 Ecological Issues 21.7.3 Joint Distributions of Exposure and Species Sensitivity ... profiles In the more recent use of SSDs in ecological risk assessment (e.g., Chapter 15), and considering the increasing availability of data (e.g., Chapter 8), the splitting of taxa is gaining support ... Species 21.5.4 Combining Data across Species 21.5.5 Combining Taxa in a Distribution © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.5.6 Combining Data across Environments 21.5.7 Combining Data across...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 2 docx
... uncertainty (Suter, 1996a; EPA, 1998) In addition, ecological risks are assessed by weighing multiple lines of evidence, so the uncertainty concerning a decision about the level of ecological risk ... should be included in the site description is listed in Box 2.2 © 2000 by CRC Press LLC BOX 2.2 Information Normally Included in the Site Description for Ecological Risk Assessments of Contaminated ... distinct scenario For waste sites, scenarios include the current case in which wastes are being released in some manner, future scenarios involving continued routine releases, future scenarios involving...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 3 potx
... conservative assumptions is suitable in a screening assessment, the use of point estimates is not recommended in a definitive © 2000 by CRC Press LLC assessment Employing point estimates for the input ... occur inadvertently while foraging (i.e., predators of soil invertebrates ingesting soil adhering to worms, grazing herbivores consuming soil deposited on foliage or adhering to roots) or grooming ... TO CONTAMINANTS IN SEDIMENT Ecological risk assessments of contaminated sediments are typically based on chemical concentrations in bulk sediment or sediment interstitial water The principal issues...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 4 potx
... effects in independent data sets from PAH-contaminated sites 4.1.9 SINGLE-CHEMICAL TEST ENDPOINTS AND DEFINITIVE ASSESSMENT Single-chemical toxicity test endpoints can play two roles in definitive assessments ... frequently not available for wildlife species that may be considered in an ecological risk assessment, extrapolation from test species to endpoint species is required Interspecies extrapolation of toxicity ... SINGLE-MATERIAL TOXICITY TESTS In ecological risk assessments for contaminated sites, single-chemical or singlematerial (e.g., gasoline) toxicity data are usually obtained from the literature or...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 6 ppt
... decision making The interpretation of ecological risk characterizations must include presentation of uncertainties The estimation and interpretation of uncertainty is discussed in the following chapter ... distributions are explained below for the different classes of endpoints, and the interpretation of distributions in general is discussed in greater detail in Chapter For all endpoints the risk characterization ... are depauperate, biomarkers in the remaining resistant species may indicate what may have caused the loss of the missing species The inference begins by asking if the levels of the biomarkers significantly...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 7 doc
... against the baseline risks from the existing contaminants without remediation The emphasis in this volume is on ecological risks, in both cases Conceptually, this balancing of risks to a single ... negligible, and no intermediate health risk category was © 2000 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 9.4 Human Health and Ecological Risk Integration Ecological Risk Baseline Contaminant Risk de minimis Intermediate ... of Risk Balancing The selection of remedial alternatives requires a complex balancing of risks: ecological vs human health risks, baseline contaminant risks vs remedial risks, and current risks...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 8 doc
... • Indirect effects of contamination 8.1.5 LAND USE Land-use scenarios play a different role in ecological risk assessments than they in human health risk assessments For human health risk assessments, ... Develop RGO using risk assessment If the site is considerably different from the assumptions used in the derivation of PRGs, risk assessment is recommended More specifically, risk assessment is ... endpoint receptors In some cases, as in human health risk assessment, land use may eliminate habitat for some activities but not all For example, waterfowl may rest on and drink from an industrial...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 10 pot
... conventional ecological risk assessment It consists of three steps: injury determination, quantification of effects on services, and damage determination 10.2.3.1 Injury Determination Phase The injury ... baseline can have a large effect on the estimate of injury For example, the NRDA for the Blackbird Mine focused on the loss of spawning salmon in the creek due to metal contamination beginning in ... associated risks over time and would identify when risks dropped below prescribed threshold levels In contrast, if an action is taken without an ecological risk assessment or with an inadequate assessment, ...
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Appendix (end) pdf
... woodpeckers in an area is indicated by • Excavated 2 -in. -diameter cavities in living sapwood • Chipping of small wounds (resin wells) in the pine bark • Flow of pine resin from cavity and resin wells, ... alone or in combination with other lines of evidence, to estimate risks Each line of evidence is qualitatively different from any others used in the risk characterization In ecological risk assessments ... uncertainties analysis of exposure: A phase in an ecological risk assessment in which the spatial and temporal distributions of the intensity of the contact of endpoint entities with contaminants...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 2 potx
... assessment using Valdez assessment to date; model in a large lagoons of water rich the RRM approach; assessment in a area, but high in salts) Arc View and Arc mining area in uncertainty due Info ... Point region as the Carlo techniques Info used to compile uncertainty and cause of the herring in evaluating and compare sensitivity; decline; other uncertainty in the environmental data examined ... for the Codorus Creek risk assessment: (a) uncertainty analysis altering single components, (b) uncertainty analysis altering pathways of exposure, (c) uncertainty analysis using random numbers,...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 3 pdf
... MANAGEMENT DECISION /RISK ASSESSMENT LINK IN REGIONAL-SCALE ASSESSMENTS Risk assessors and managers involved in regional-scale assessments are realizing how important it is to include the link between ... evaluating their results In his emphasis on integration in risk assessment, Moore (2001) points out that in addition to societal and political buyin to the assessment and decision-making process, ... Protection Agency) 1997 Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments, Interim Final EPA 540-R-97-006 EPA, Washington, D.C., http://epa.gov/...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 4 ppsx
... occur in the Port We held three public meetings in the City of Valdez in October 1995 to aid in the formulation of assessment endpoints relevant to the Port Following a brief introduction to the risk ... local industry managers Assessment and Measurement Endpoints Our discussions with risk managers, community interviews, and input from the public meetings resulted in selection of assessment endpoints ... fry increased feeding pressure on planktonic crab larvae At this point in the project, we noted differing opinions, but this information did not in uence the inclusion or exclusion of an endpoint...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 5 doc
... stated value of maintaining a self-sustaining native fish population Inclusion of these values in the relative risk assessment enables identification of areas where compromise in maintaining the resources ... Floodplain management for human health and safety Water quantities sustain human communities Maintaining reservoirs for fishing, boating and windsurfing No loss of recreation including Boating Fishing ... for spring chinook salmon in the project area Thus, it is apparent that risk in risk region MA is to all life stages whereas that in WB is to spawning and rearing habitat By examining risk matrices...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 6 potx
... the risk patterns from the multivariate analysis of the field data not used in the initial risk assessment The use of the RRM in evaluating management strategies in altering the risk within the ... the risk rankings for the endpoint of decline in food availability for aquatic species Uncertainties Each method introduced a level of uncertainty to the outcome The sampling site selection introduced ... 10:18 AM 120 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION The risk assessment for Codorus Creek was the second regional-scale risk assessment using the relative risk model (RRM) to be published...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 7 docx
... predicted risks increasing 50% or more However, this increase is driven by the extremely low risk scores in the original EcoRA, resulting in a small change appearing to be very significant The increasing ... component Uncertainties Uncertainties in the risk predictions for the original EcoRA are covered in Chapter In the information used for the predictive modeling, the uncertainties stemming from lack ... each impacted source and receptor, using the original risk assessment criteria Calculating the change in endpoint risk scores Analyzing the predicted change in risk patterns © 2005 by CRC Press...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 8 docx
... animals, maintain water in suitable volumes to sustain agriculture, maintain catchment quality for town water supply, maintain water for swimming, maintain water for trout fishing, maintain or improve ... DEVELOPING A REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT 171 risk region, sum of potential stressor exposure within the risk region, total risk to assessment endpoints within the risk region, and total risk ... Risk Figure 8.5 Comparison of risks to assessment endpoints between risk regions The increased risks to assessment endpoints in risk regions and reflect the increased level of human activity in...
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Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment - Chapter 9 pot
... one and included the entire watersheds of the rivers flowing through PETAR The ecological value to be protected, the assessment endpoint according to USEPA Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment ... of this assessment can assist the park management as regards risk mitigation in the area, for instance, dedicating available resources to reducing higher risks in the areas highlighted in this ... source of stressors is former mining operations Mining has been an important activity in Ribeira Valley since the 17th century Extraction of metals declined during the 1980s due to environmental...
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