... S. Jayram, Rajasekar Krishna-murthy, Sriram Raghavan, Shivakumar Vaithyanathan, and Huaiyu Zhu. Avatar information extraction system. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. [23] Sándor Dominich. The Modern Algebra ... studies a novel machine learning framework, which overcomes the challenges about scalability and adaptability of the previous approaches. We have then adapted the probabilistic framework to a Vietnamese ... based. We also adapt the probabilistic framework to Vietnamese Real Estate domain and have a satisfactory result. 1.4 Chapter summary This chapter brought an overview of web-page problem and...
... and class formation, but rather as a frameworkfor de®ning an agenda of problems for empirical research withinclass analysis. In the multivariate empirical studies of class conscious-ness and ... framework 10. A general frameworkfor studyingclass consciousness and classformationIn one way or another, most class analysts believe that at the core of classanalysis is a relatively simple causal ... of analysis, typically an entire society. To say that someone is``in'' a managerial class location is to claim that they are embedded in a set of interindividual interactions (relations)...
... disadvantage noncompliance. Law is alsosimilar to what Wiener and Doescher (1991)'term a structuralsolution, that is, a political act that mandates individualbehavior. For Taylor and ... singular choice of education, marketing, or force of law as a paradigm of choice.Each paradigm has a role to play in behavior management;behavior management must be considered from thepragmatic ... have changed dramati-cally in the past years, and as a result, policy with respect tomanaging tobacco usage behavior also has changed. The re-lationship of behavior management and externalities...
... that are assigned thecorrect head. Complete accuracy (CA) indicatesthe fraction of sentences that have a complete cor-rect analysis. We also measure that root accuracy(RA) and leaf accuracy ... wordsafter w2(as in (Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003)).The key additional feature we use, relative to (Ya-mada and Matsumoto, 2003), is that we includethe previous predicted action as a feature. ... a common computational strategy in natural lan-guage processing and is known to suffer from erroraccumulation and an inability to correct mistakesin previous stages.Sent. Len. DA RA CA LA<11...
... evaluation metrics are able to closely approximate human evaluations for various applications. Given an application app and an evaluation guideline package eval, the faithfulness/compactness ... separately evaluated. Each version was evaluated by a human evaluator, with no reference answer available. For this evaluation 115 test questions were used, and the human evaluator was asked ... predicts that the automatic evaluation metrics that explain most of the variation in the human evaluation must have a median α and a median N. As seen in Table 6, our evaluation framework correctly...
... states that repairs are available for semantic analysis but provides no details on the representation to be used. Clearly repairs should be available for se- mantic analysis as they play a ... To test this framework, data was examined from 31 TRAINS 93 dialogs (Heeman and Allen, 1995), a series of human-human prob- lem solving dialogs in a railway transporta- tion domain. 5 There ... 2 What is a Dialog From a traditional parsing perspective, a text is a series of sentences to be analyzed. An interpretation fora text would be a se- ries of parse trees and logical forms,...
... representation language from the applica- tion program and systematically translating it into a natural language using syntactic/semantic rules which were primarily designed for translating in the ... (1) must include at least as much information as we have given above. In particular, the logical structure of our para- phrases contains essential information (about, for instance, the differences ... representa- tion of linguistic knowledge for both analysis and generation. We argue that the only part of the average NL system's knowledge that we can have any faith in is its vocabulary and,...
... and c-aminobutyric acid) [7]. Onekey reaction is the formation of c-aminobutyric acidby decarboxylation of glutamate, catalysed by the twoisoforms of glutamate decarboxylase, GAD65andGAD67, ... ubiquitously in mammalian tissues[15]. Decreased activity of PKH leads inter alia to a decreased availability of PLP for GAD, which cata-lyses the formation of c-aminobutyric acid, the mostpotent ... blood–brain barrier circula-ting PLP has to be dephosphorylated again by mem-brane-bound phosphatases (Fig. 2A) [13,14]. Inside thebrain a rephosphorylation to PLP takes place, againcatalysed...
... lexical sample format, which is anXML–based format that has been used for both theSENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL-3 exercises. A file inthis format includes a number of instances, each onemade up ... Poster and Demonstration Sessions,pages 73–76, Ann Arbor, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational LinguisticsSenseRelate::TargetWord – A Generalized Framework for Word Sense DisambiguationSiddharth ... Disambiguation, the ar-chitecture and usage of SenseRelate::TargetWord,and a description of the user interfaces (commandline and GUI).2 The Framework The package has a highly modular architecture....
... existing annotated datain XML. Tools for editing annotations in theabstract format, which automatically generatevirtual AML from Data Category and DialectSpecifications, are already under developmentin ... tore-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasinglymandatory. In particular, there is a need for a general frameworkfor linguistic annotation thatis ... use of stand-offannotationi.e., annotation that ismaintained in a document separate from theprimary (annotated) data.7 The xlink attributeuses the XML Path Language (XPath) (Clark& DeRose,...
... 4 Information Structure and Tactical Constraints Entries in the eategorial lexicon have tactical con- straints, grammatical and semantic features, and phonological representation. Similar ... Multi-dimensional compo- sitional functions as a basis for grammatical anal- ysis. In R. T. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler, editors, Categorial Grammars and Natural Lan- guage Structures, D. Reidel, ... INT-clear situation 'Very clear situation' uzun yol long road 'long road' bu- ndan ba~ka this-ABLATIVE other 'other than this' ktz kedi-yi gSr-dii girl cat-ACC...
... information absent in surface utterances such as zero anaphora are compensated for and in some cases multiple analyses are disambiguated. (3-3), the surface analysis of (3-2), is analyzed as ... diagrams an overview of the procedure for translating speaker's meaning. In contrast to a conventional machine translation procedure, speaker's meaning can be analyzed and generated, ... 180, JAPAN Abstract A frameworkfor translating speaker's meaning or intention is proposed based on two notions, Illocutionary Force Types (IFTs) for analysis and Decision Parameters...
... not matching the available references are evaluated as poor or bad translations. The main objective of this work is to propose and evaluate AM-FM, a semantic frameworkfor assessing translation ... consistent, fast and cheap, automatic evaluation has the major disadvantage of requiring reference translations. This makes automatic eval-uation not reliable in the sense that good transla-tions ... evaluation dataset had to be used. 1562 Related Work and Dataset Although BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) has be-come a de facto standard for machine translation evaluation, other metrics such as...
... PEAS, the firstcomparative evaluation framework for parsers of French whose annotationformalism allows the annotation of bothconstituents and functional relations. A test corpus containing an ... parses produced byone parser from academia and anotherone from industry in order to validate the framework. 1 IntroductionIn natural language understanding, manycomplex applications use a ... differentlemma; it is annotated both with morpho-syntaxand grammatical functions.4 Evaluation metricsThe first proposals for parser evaluation weremade in Parseval (Black et al., 1991). Carroll etal....