... replac e the liquid electro-
lyte by a solid- state or quasi -solid- state medium [2,3].
Unfortunately, compared with liquid electrolyte, solid-
state or quasi -solid- state DSSC still presents lower
energy ... TiO
2
sphere has been devel oped for a quasi -solid- state dye- sensitized solar cell
[DSSC]. Compared with the undoped TiO
2
sphere, the quasi -solid- state DSSC based on the nitrogen-doped TiO
2
sphere ... was
dyed with N719 ethanolic solution. A sandwich structure
quasi -solid- state DSSC containing the mesoscopic TiO
2
sphere -based electrode, platinized coun ter electrode, and
quasi -solid- state...
... characteristics which led to the success of solid- statelasers over
the last 40 years.
Major Milestones in the Development of Solid- State Lasers
Historically, the search for lasers began as an extension of ... the History, Performance
Characteristics, and Applications of
Solid- State Lasers
Major Milestones in the Development of Solid- State Lasers
Typical Performance Parameters and Applications
In this ... obtained in solid- state lasers. We can gain considerable under-
Contents
Preface v
Introduction Overview of the History, Performance Characteristics,
and Applications of Solid- StateLasers 1
Major...
... one-dimensional reciprocal lattice.
Density of States
Because of the discrete character of the vibration states one can calculate the number of
states, z, with different q in the frequency interval ... 2.2)
dz
dω
=
2L
π
1
ω
2
m
− ω
2
. (2.13)
This function is called the density of states (DOS). It is plotted in Fig. 2.4. We shall see
Figure 2.4: Density of states for a linear one-atomic chain.
that DOS is strongly ... of the band edge states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
A.2 Modifications in heterostructures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
A.3 Impurity states . . . . ....
...
of the components has some rotational symmetry.
{
Solid, as well as tubular parts, can be joined by this
method, with good joint strength. Solid steel bars up
to 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter ... breaking up oxide films and contaminants and thus
allowing good contact and producing a strong solid- state bond.
Temperatures generated in the weld zone are usually in the range of one-third to ... described in previous lecture, no liquid (molten) phase is present in the joint.
The principle of solid- state welding is best demonstrated with the following example.
Institut Teknologi Bandung3
COLD...
... mechanism for a-SiONWs
is presented via direct solidstate transformation from
silica films. Titanium nitride (TiN) films were used to
induce a solidstate reaction with the silica (SiO
2
) films
on ... summary, silica nanowires were synthesized by
solid state diffusion of silicon from the silica films. The
growth mechanism could be exp lained by direct solid to
solid phase transformation, so called, ... essential
factor for the growth of one-dimensional nanowires by
the vapor–liquid solid (VLS) [1–3] or the solid liquid–
solid (SLS) mechanism [4]. The liquid phase acts as a
source for dissolution...
... chapters.
2.1 State functions (Postulate 1)
The first postulate states that the state of a dynamic system is completely specified by a
state function.
Even without a clear definition of what a state ... abstract state function that contains all
the information about the state of the dynamic system. For this statement to have
meaning, we must obviously provide a clear physical interpretation of the state
function, ... the
square of the state function, whenever the final state function is a superposition of two
or more state functions, the probability distribution function corresponding to the
final state depends...
...
guaranteed, if symmetry demands that the transition rate from one state
to some other state is equal for all possible sequences of intermediate
states.
E.g., if the external forces acting on the system ... following. In the stationary state the amplitudes fluctuate around
the state
6
Statistical Theory of Instabilities in Stationary Nonequilibrium Systems
7
1
The state
(7.9)
becomes unstable, ...
present, if each pair of states is
connected by only one sequence of
allbwed transitions. In Fig. 7, we give
Fig.
7.
Detailed balance in a one
-
dimensional array of states with transitions...
... name from the fact that it has no moving
parts, hence making it solidstate .
The “Blade” form factor basically refers to solid
state drives which consist of little more than the
flash chips and ... of.
While a magnetic hard drive works by changing the
magnetism of sectors on a spinning platter, solid-
state drives have lots and lots of tiny transistors.
When an electrical current is able to pass ... a
transistor it represents a 1, and a 0 is represented
when a transistor does not accept current.
Every solid- state drive has a controller. This is a
processor that is responsible for reading and
writing...