... Edinburgh is home to around 15 national and international festivals, but the Edinburgh International Festival andthe Edinburgh Festival Fringe remain world famous The size and scale of the Edinburgh ... countries have their own major sporting events – for example, the FA Cup Final in England (football), the New York Marathon inthe USA (and other marathons around the globe), the Melbourne Cup in Australia ... characteristics of the events industry, including consideration of some of the job functions and positions available inthe industry, both paid and volunteer The Events Industry – a Dynamic and Growing Sector...
... sequence—raising financial capital, then investing the capital in productive assets, and then managing the operations of the business Chapter discusses the accounting principles and practices ... Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) that firms use to measure and report their financing, investing, and operating activities in a set of financial ... analyzing the financial statements Chapters to examine the accounting for financing, investing, and operating activities, and assessing the quality of accounting information under U.S GAAP and IFRS...
... sequence—raising financial capital, then investing the capital in productive assets, and then managing the operations of the business Chapter discusses the accounting principles and practices ... Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) that firms use to measure and report their financing, investing, and operating activities in a set of financial ... analyzing the financial statements Chapters to examine the accounting for financing, investing, and operating activities, and assessing the quality of accounting information under U.S GAAP and IFRS...
... multiplexers and hence the carrier rate of each link is determined by the type of network (T-3, OC-3, OC-12) In these networks, the link capacity constraints dominate The problem, [P], of finding the ... the part of the Internet involved inthe connection that determines the Web page latency and satisfaction levels Finally, the authors discuss the fact that improvements on the coding of images ... below the capacity constraints at the nodes and links on these paths One of the paths designated as the primary path, carries the traffic between the node pairs during the normal operation of the...
... the watershed scale In their chapter, He and Croley introduce the application of the model introduced in Part II inthe Cass River Watershed, a subwatershed of the Saginaw Bay watersheds inthe ... ground truthed inthe field Field ground truthing during the late spring and early summer months under wetland delineation guidelines (Tiner 1993) of the remaining locations provided an increased ... information inthe coastal areas of Germany, Poland, andthe Netherlands in order to understand the impact of the historical east–west division of that region on coastal resources, especially wetlands In...
... bodies, the province-level roads, and railways were measured on the relevant thematic map, and were then incorporated inthe expert system Spectrally, the wetland (with vegetation) is similar to the ... LLC 16 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment FIGURE 2.3 The identified developing urban area (in the left image, the lighter area is the developing urban area identified; the right ... between 5.9 m and 22.20 m seasonally andthe height of the hygrophyte inhabiting the area ranges from 13 m to 16 m (Tan 2002) Therefore, the neighborhood relationship andthe wetland classification...
... 22 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment marsh vegetation and invasive species in fragmented coastal wetlands Schmidt and Skidmore (2003), for example, examined and tested the differences ... spectrum inthe image andthe endmembers in n dimensions, treating them as vectors in a space with dimensionality equal to the number of bands (Kruse et al 1993) The maximum angles between 0.05 and ... Meadowlands is presented in Figure 3.3 Phragmites occupies approximately 80% of the entire salt marsh vegetation inthe Meadowlands, Spartina and its mixture 10%, high marsh only 1%, andthe remaining...
... area inthe low water season, limiting the Carex mapping area within the lake beach wetland and water area The identified flood plain area from the July image was used as a mask to obtain the ... change, andthe vectors forming the angle from the origin delineate and contain all possible positions for the spectra (Sohn and Rebello 2002) These parameters encompass all the possible combinations ... fragmentation index of Carex, ∑Ni stands for the total number of Carex landscape type polygons, and A is the total area of the Carex landscape The fragmentation index of the Carex landscape inthe Poyang...
... 1995 The soil water balance conditions and improvement ways in central Jiangxi Province In Agricultural integrated development and countermeasure in red and yellow soil area in China [in Chinese], ... 6.2 Daily rainfall inthe study area 50.33% of annual total rainfall High rainfall intensity is frequently observed during the rainy season (April to June) inthe red soil areas Over the two-year ... PERCOLATION FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE ROOT ZONE Figure 6.5 shows that percolation from the root zone of forestland and grassland often occurs inthe rainy season The excessive rainfall usually induces large...
... new interest inthe role of forests in influencing river flow regimes In a synthesis study across the European continent, Robinson et al (2003) found that conifer plantations on poorly drained ... reduction (mm/yr) due to the conversion of grasslands to forest lands, showing a strong increasing gradient from the dry and cold northwest to the warm and wet southeast (See color insert after p 162.) ... large basins in China even under the current massive forestation campaigns because large areas of cropland are needed to meet the food demands inthe rural areas As shown in Figure in Andreassian’s...
... (GWZ) responses There is a high flush on the first day, corresponding with the initial condition (placing pollutant on the surface of the watershed at the beginning of day 1) andthe increased surface ... both point and nonpoint source pollutions inthe Great Lakes Basin 9.3 DisTRiBUTED LaRGE BasiN RUNOff MODEL GLERL developed a large basin runoff model inthe 1980s for estimating daily rainfall/runoff ... any time, let the concentration of this conservative pollutant inthe inflow u be cu andinthe supply s be cs If these flows not mix together, then the fraction U/C of each of these flows runs...
... accounting for 60% and 21% of the total land area, respectively Soils inthe watershed consist mainly of loamy and silty clays and sands, and are poorly drained in much of the area Major crops inthe ... considered inthe delineation process because wind erosion occurs inthe Saginaw Bay basin including the Cass River watershed in April and May when soil moisture is usually high inthe region ... 3.7-inch single storm event inthe Cass River watershed (See color insert after p 162.) May inthe Saginaw Bay basin Few methods are available for estimating soil erosion by wind, such as the wind...
... reach the main channel on the day it is generated, creating a lag between the time the surface runoff was generated andthe time it reaches the main channel Inthe summer season when the rains ... season andthe minimum appeared inthe summer, with a relatively stable concentration inthe time series The maximum TN concentration appeared inthe spring andthe minimum appeared in summer, ... CONCLUSIONS The simulations using the SWAT model helped explain the nutrient changes inthe Honghu Lake basin Both the nutrient concentrations in sediment records andthe water body showed an increasing...
... Only the lake andthe surrounding land that drain into it are used inthe model The model treats lakes as a single entity; therefore, lakes from different locations, such as lakes in Michigan and ... analyses and serve as standards for comparison between landscapes in different parts of the world Linking water quality to landscape indices allows us to compare land and waterscapes across scales The ... 142 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment into the ground evaporates or transpires, and rain that was temporarily stored in depressions and tree canopies now rapidly runs off the site...
... affect the accuracy of the result The finer the resolution, the better the accuracy yields and vice versa However, the fine resolution increases the amount of data, which results in longer processing ... (13.2) i =1 where ri is the rainfall per month and P is the annual rainfall This index is summed for the whole year and found to be linearly correlated with the EI30 index (R) of the USLE as follows: ... calculate the precipitation of the entire watershed Among the seven stations, one is situated within the watershed, andthe other six are inthe neighborhood of the study area Monthly rainfall data...
... inthe region Low value of the WDA indicate higher-quality wetlands Land use and distance between wetlands were determined in ESRI ArcMap (version 9.0) using land use maps current to 1998 Using ... critical step in creating rapid assessment methods is ensuring their utility in reflecting wetland quality, not only at the level of the chemical and physical variables included inthe method, ... stressors inthe MRW In particular, much of the variation among sites inthe MRW was due to differences in land use (including buffer width, riparian land use and nearest neighbor) and water...
... water bodies inthe wetlands of the Poyang Lake basin 15.2.3 STATISTICAL METHODS It is important and difficult to integrate the multi-indices into an integrative indicator when theecological environment ... reaches of the five rivers inthe Poyang Lake basin is worse than the lower reaches of those rivers inthe basin, which are near Poyang Lake and mainly consist of floodplains The environment inthe ... to the original space The axes (attributes) inthe new space are uncorrelated The main reasons for transforming the data in a principal component analysis are to “compress” data by eliminating...
... to biweekly SDD of eleven inland lakes in Wisconsin could be explained by the ratio of the blue and red MODIS bands Using thein situ SDD measurements collected in 2004 and 2005 at PLNNR, we developed ... surface temperature and chlorophyll inthe Gulf of Maine during 1998 using SeaWiFS and AVHRR imagery Marine Chemistry 97:104–123 Giusti, E., and S Marsili-Libelli 2005 Modelling the interactions between ... between nutrients andthe submersed vegetation inthe Orbetello Lagoon Ecological Modelling 184:141–161 Handcock, R N., et al 2006 Accuracy and uncertainty of thermal-infrared remote sensing of stream...