small angle x ray scattering saxs of proteins pdf
Báo cáo y học: "Application of Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) for Differentiation between Normal and Cancerous Breast Tissue"
... Evaluation of optimum scattering angle - In order to obtain the optimum scattering angle, the diffraction profiles of a test adipose sample were measured over a range of scattering angles from ... Elshemey WM Low angle X- ray scattering from spices Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2002; 64: 267-271 Evans SH, Bradley DA, Dance DR, Bateman JE, Jones CH Measurement of small angle photon scattering ... Urban V, Suortti P Small angle x- ray scattering studies of human breast tissue samples Phys Med Biol 2002; 47: 577-592 Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborne C Diseases of the breast (second...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: The solution structure and activation of visual arrestin studied by small-angle X-ray scattering pot
... Determination of binding constants from forward scattering The intensity of Ôforward scattering , or I(0), is the X- ray solution scattering that is parallel to the incident beam, and was determined by extrapolation ... the maximal dimension The forward scattering is proportional to the product of the molecular mass and concentration of the scattering particle For a mixture of particles, the total forward scattering, ... display for synchrotron radiation experiments: hardware and software Nucl Instrum Methods A249, 399–407 21 Guinier, A & Fournet, G (1955) Small Angle Scattering of X- rays Wiley, New York 22 Svergun,...
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X ray crystallographic study of yeast dcp1 and dcp2 proteins insights into the mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic mRNA decapping
... decay complex Budding yeast 5’ decay complex are composed of 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn1p, decapping enzyme Dcp2p/Dcp1p, DEADbox helicase Dhh1p, Lsm1-7, Edc3p and other auxiliary RNA-binding proteins ... diagram of Dcp1 proteins 23 Figure Schematic diagram of Dcp2 proteins 28 Figure Structures of RNA decapping enzymes 32 Figure Purification of recombinant scDcp1p 54 Figure Purification of recombinant ... decapped by Dcp1/Dcp2 complex, followed by 5’ exonuclease Xrn1 digestion Alternatively, the deadenylated transcript can be degraded by the 3’ exonuclease complex of exosome And the resulting short...
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Báo cáo khoa học: An X-ray diffraction study of model membrane raft structures doc
... scans to 20 °C at 2°Æmin)1 The intensity of scattered X- rays was recorded simultaneously in the small- angle (SAXS = 1°–14°) and wide -angle (WAXS = 12°–30°) scattering regions during the scans The ... Membrane raft structure A B C D Fig Binary mixtures of phospholipid and cholesterol Small- angle X- ray scattering intensity patterns of binary mixtures of (A) brainSM and (B) egg-PtdCho with the ... changes observed in the SAXS ⁄ WAXS profiles are consistent with a progressive replacement of a gel phase of brainSM and the disappearance of a small proportion of a coexisting highly disordered...
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ANOMALOUS X-RAY SCATTERING FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION pot
... materials 1.5 Small- Angle X- ray Scattering Small- angle X- ray scattering [24] (hereafter referred to as SAXS) results enable us to establish many important microstructure parameters in a sample of interest, ... to as the EDXD method; see, for example, [4]) Since the phase factor of scattered X- rays at the position r is given by exp(−iQ · r), the amplitude of the scattered X- rays, A(Q), is expressed in ... occupied by oxygen (O): Fhkl = fA exp[BA (sin θ/λ)2 ] exp[2πi(hxj + kyj + lzj )] A + fB exp[BB (sin θ/λ)2 ] exp[2πi(hxj + kyj + lzj )] (3.9) B + fO exp[BO (sin θ/λ)2 ] exp[2πi(hxj + kyj + lzj...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 1
... carbide XRD : x- ray diffraction HR-XRD : High-resolution synchrotron x- ray diffraction RSM : Reciprocal space mapping PLM : Polarized light microscope xx FWHM : Full-width-at-half-maximum ε’ ... surface For x- ray of low energy as in the present work, the diffraction profile thus depends on the penetration depth in the (see text for details) Fig 8.8 Room temperature HR-XRD (002) RSM of an as-grown ... the existence of the broad (rhombohedral+tetragonal) two-phase field may explain the high piezoelectric properties of relaxor-based piezoelectric single crystals of compositions within the expanded...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 2
... present Since the x- ray used can only penetrate a thin surface layer (of
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 3
... x- ray diffraction study 5.3.2 Electrical resistance 73 The effect of room-temperature poling on the stability of the deformed surface layer was also investigated Figure 5.12 shows the XRD profiles ... treatment 5.4 (a) Summary of main observations The cause for the occurrence of the extremely broad lower 2θ peak adjacent to the main (002)R peak in standard XRD profiles of (001)-orientated PZN-PT ... in the x- ray diffraction patterns (Figures 5.11a, c, and e) As a result, the polished surface can hardly reveal any useful structural information of the crystals hence unsuitable for x- ray diffraction...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 4
... in the x- ray profile following any direction of polishing, suggesting that the surface phase is always present regardless of the direction and/or mode of polishing This behavior can be explained ... shows the (002) XRD profiles of the differently annealed PZN-4.5%PT samples and the (002) XRD profile of the as-polished sample After annealing for h at 300 °C, the position of the lower 2θ peak ... (>40 µm) from the surface of the sample, the surface domain patterns as shown in Figure 5.7(a) persisted; and so was the presence of the broad lower 2θ peak in the XRD profile These observations...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 5
... HR-XRD measurements The incident x- ray beam, of 8.048 keV in energy, had typical divergence of about 0.01°, with the best divergence being 0.006° A series of rocking (∆ω) scans at a range of ... between the pc axes and the axes of the various M and the O phases of the perovskite crystal Table 6.1 contains the relationship between the (002) diffractions of the m and pc axes for the various ... position of (100)T and (001)T componenets of the {110}-type T twins as a function of temperature The T-C phase transformation occurs at 180 ºC 95 (a) ε' (x1 04) 1/ε' (x1 0-3) 0.2 TR-T TC Tmax TC 0.1...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 6
... projection of coexistence of the {100}-type and {110}-type R nanotwins onto the (002) RSM (b) The projection of the coexistence of R micro- and nanotwins onto (002) RSM 112 coexistence of R micro- ... started to exhibit extinction at most P/A angles, suggesting the occurrence of the C phase (Figure 7.9d) Above Tmax, the sample exhibited a total extinction indicating the presence of the C phase ... from either of the two following causes Firstly, the diffraction may indicate the occurrence of a new M phase Table 6.1 gives the relationships between the m axes and the pc axes of the various...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 7
... are present in the material Due to the lack of penetration of the x- ray radiation used (of 8.048 keV in energy and with an estimated penetration depth of only a few µm thick), the underlying (001)T ... the x- ray This would explain the observation made in the present work One deduction from the above is that under the condition when T nanotwin domains exist in the crystal and/or when the x- ray ... (R+T) phase mixture 8.3 Nature of rhomboedral and tetragonal micro-/nanotwin mixture in PZN(7-8)%PT at room temperature In the previous section, it has been shown that the (R+T) mixture exist in PZN-(7-8)%PT...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 8
... scattered areas started to exhibit extinction at most P/A angles, suggesting the occurrence of the C phase (Figure 8.11f) Above Tmax, the sample exhibited a total extinction, indicating the C ... 2θ ≈ 44.90° and lying out of the ω = 0° plane indicates that a small amount of the T phase may be present The room temperature structure of PZN-7%PT is thus a mixture of (R+Tσ) in which the Tσ ... scattered areas exhibit extinction at P/A = 0o, which may arise from the T phase (Figures 8.14de) On heating to Tmax ≅ 165 ºC, the scattered areas started to exhibit extinction at most P/A angles, suggesting...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 9
... (standard + extended) region where (R+T) coexist, the crystal exhibits extremely high piezoelectric properties This suggests that the presence of (R+T) phase mixture in the form of micro/nanotwin ... electromechanical properties of PZN-PT and other relaxor crystals 9.2 Room temperature phase of PZN-PT single crystals of different PT contents Figure 9.2 shows the (002) RSMs of PZN-(4.5-8)%PT single ... interference peak of the streaked nanotwin peaks) of the {110}-type R nanotwins if the diffraction is of considerably smaller FWHM and lies in the ω = 0°, or (c) the convoluted peak of both {100}-type...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 10
... 0º 172 o ε' (x1 0 ) (a) 100 C ε' (x1 04) o (b) 105 C ε' (x1 04) (c) 115oC ε' (x1 04) o (d) 125 C 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (oC) Figure 9.9 Dielectric hysteresis behaviors of [001]-poled ... the x- axis Both the KT and k31 of PZN-4.5%PT started to degrade after it was heated to 105 ºC 174 domains are parallel to the E-field direction which is normal to the fractured surface being x- rayed ... transformation in relaxor single crystals occurs over a temperature range, manifested by the coexistence of R* and T* domains, a string of thermal current signals, and continued degradation of KT and k31...
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High resolution x ray diffraction study of phase and domain structures and thermally induced phase transformations in PZN (4 5 9)%PT 11
... nano-domain structure of relaxor materials) are of extreme value to provide fundamental insight into the hierarchy of domain structures and its role in the superior piezoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectric ... ferroelectric relaxor (1 -x) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3, Phys Rev B, 66, p 054104 2002 36 Bai, F., N Wang, J Li, D Viehland, P M Gehring, G Xu and G Shirane X- ray and neutron diffraction investigations of the ... Higher energy x- ray of improved 182 resolution is required to resolve these fine nanotwin diffractions and to decipher the detailed configurations of the R* domains, which are expected to shed...
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FOAMING PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS.pdf
... &x, + &x3 + p4xq + p,xs + P I +& 2x: +& 3x: +& 4x: +& 5x: +P,*xIx* +P, 3x, xB + P 1 4X1 X4 +LJ1 5x, x5 + P 23 %X3 + 024 x2 x4 +? 2 5X2 X4 +& 4x3 % + P3 5x3 x5 +P45 x x5 where = mean value, = sucrose cone, = salt ... or smaller than the absolute value of 3.0 (p < 0.01) bThe numbers refer the subscripts of p (estimators) in the surface response model: Y = po + p, x, + &x, + &x3 + p4xq + p,xs + P I +& 2x: +& 3x: ... larger or smaller than the absolute value bf 3.0 (p < 0.01): bThe numbers refer to subscr/pts of p (estimators) in the surface responsemodel: Y =&+B ,x, + &x2 +P 3x1 +PL ,x~ ,+&zX:t +p12~ ,x2 +p1 3x, x3 +&3~I~J...
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What Do Small Businesses Do? Erik Hurst University of Chicago pdf
... the share of small businesses in industry j out of all small businesses (regardless of industries) This measure gives the importance of a given industry out of the universe of all small businesses ... measure of concentration, namely each industry’s share out of the set of small firms.15 Specifically, we define: xj sj s j j where sj is the number of small businesses in industry j and xj is ... the amount of activity that takes place within small firms within that that industry, we present Figure The x- axis of Figure are deciles based upon x j , the unadjusted number of small firms...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structural flexibility in Trypanosoma brucei enolase revealed by X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics pdf
... JE, Rayment I & Reed GH (1996) A carboxylate oxygen of the substrate bridges the magnesium ions at the active site of enolase: structure of the yeast enzyme complexed with the equilibrium mixture ... of the open sulfate_1* structure (maximum 1.73) and exceeds the EV2 values of the His156-out inhibitor complexes (maximum 0.45) These results are fully consistent with the prevailing notion of ... complex structure) are intriguingly different After exploring the neighbourhood of the starting conformation for approximately ns, there is a transition (Fig 3B) and the protein explores an area of...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Fabrication and evolution of multilayer silver nanofilms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing of arsenate" pdf
... Page of 11 λ max (nm) A Reaction time (h) Absorbance B Reaction time (h) Figure The plots of the maximum absorption wavelength (lmax) and the absorbance at lmax of UV-Vis absorption spectra of ... films against the reaction time (A) lmax vs reaction time, and (B) absorbance at lmax vs reaction time Table The maximum lmax, valley lmax, maximum peak height of 780 cm-1 band and the corresponding ... sizes for surface plasmon experiments Langmuir 2003, 19:6857 Hao J, Xu Z, Han M-J, Xu S, Meng X: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of perchlorate using silver nanofilms deposited on copper...
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