sha zhongfeng wang and minglun gao
Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_2 doc
... sources of leakage current, and each of these has a different dependence on both voltage and temperature [17] Understanding of the relation between leakage and both voltage and temperature requires ... current is due to band-to-band tunneling in the presence of high electric field and traps in the band gap If the electric field is high enough, carriers can simply tunnel across the band gap However, ... This is a quantum mechanical effect, and the amount of current depends on the work function between the silicon and the insulator and the insulator thickness and the applied voltage Since the amount...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_3 doc
... minimum-sized standard-cell inverters as delay elements and a nand-2 gate for enabling control The power supply of the clock generator can be controlled externally Body biasing is enabled for N-well and ... process options and emerging design technologies Basically, the assimilation of distinct high-performance, low operating power, and low standby power devices requires circuits and systems that ... in processors, are in testing [9], product binning [10], and yield tuning [11] 2.2 AVS- and ABB-Scaling Operations As the benefits of VDD and Vth scaling are known, we concentrate on quantitative...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_4 pptx
... and independent of VDD, temperature, and process variation If Vb is generated by dividing voltages between VDD and VSS by resistors (Vb = λ VDD), and consequently, XLCM is a function of VDD and ... ±0.1V to ±0.05V in both the active and the standby modes and raises VTH by 0.25V in the standby mode 58 Tadahiro Kuroda, Takayasu Sakurai x : average, σ: standard deviation Figure 3.5 Measured ... Vmin, and k, k’, and γ are constants determined by design parameters γ is larger than and typically smaller than 2.5 The P–f curve is composed of two parts: a linear region when f < fm, and a...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_6 pdf
... OUT−NAND ,V 0.15 0.1 V V OUT−NAND ,V IN−NOR 0.2 0.05 0 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 Logic failure NAND NOR 0.05 V NAND NOR 0.1 0.15 ,V IN−NAND 0.2 OUT−NOR Figure 5.3a Butterfly plot of functional NAND and ... processing and the core is idle Both NMOS and PMOS body bias generators are implemented on the die and each includes a central bias generator (CBG) which is controlled by the DAB control, and many ... Bias, Supply Voltage, and Frequency 93 [7] J Tschanz, J Kao, S Narendra, R Nair, D Antoniadis, A Chandrakasan, and V De, “Adaptive body bias for reducing impacts of die-to-die and within-die parameter...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_7 potx
... analog and digital circuits and feature in several standalone or embedded power management ICs The main advantage of LDO’s is that they can be completely on-chip, occupy very little area, and offer ... voltage set, and in steady state, the ratio of the NMOS to PMOS ON-times is given by the following equation: V − VDD τN = BAT VDD τP (5.4) where τN and τP are the NMOS and PMOS ON-times and VBAT ... energy References [1] V Gutnik and A Chandrakasan, “Embedded power supply for low-power DSP,” IEEE Trans VLSI Syst., vol 5, no 4, pp 425–435, Dec 1997 [2] A Sinha and A Chandrakasan, “Dynamic power...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_9 pot
... essentially an FET wire; and NAND and NOR gate paths consisting of a series of 4-high NAND and 3-high NOR gates respectively Simulations were performed at two frequencies, F and F/3 where F was 4.5 ... NBTI [12], and many other effects is increasing Noise processes that effect timing are described as random or systematic, and they are measured from die to die and within die [6], [32] Random noise ... jitter, aging, and NBTI, have an uncorrelated, random component A single critical path monitor can track these random changes if sampled over time as they will have a zero mean and constant variance...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_12 ppt
... two-input NAND gates with a maximum fan-out of three Gate delays are assumed to be independent normal random variables with mean equal to the nominal delay of the gate dnom and standard deviation ... Leff, which is modeled as normally distributed with mean μL and standard deviation σL, R is normally distributed with mean Rnom and standard deviation σ L μ L × Rnom To determine the delay, CACTI ... Rwire and Cwire represent the resistance and capacitance of a wire of unit length Variations in the wire dimensions translate into variations in the wire resistance and capacitance Rwire and Cwire...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_13 pdf
... handled below the microarchitecture level and abstracted away, and the benefits from creating a variability-tolerant or variability-aware microarchitecture will outweigh the increased work and ... processor’s ALU operation which typically may include options to MOVE, AND, ADD or MULTIPLY operands A MOVE is a fast operation and an AND, being a bitwise operation, is a similar speed ADDs, however, ... completion and, in any case, ‘real’ additions not use purely random operands [13] Nevertheless, a much cheaper unit can supply respectable performance by adapting its timing to the operands on each...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_14 pptx
... however, it can provide benefits and is another tool available to the designer Figure 10.7 Pipeline collapsing and losing latch stage Figure 10.8 Pipeline expanding and reinstating latch stage 244 ... least at lower performance levels The ARM996HS [8], developed in collaboration between ARM Ltd and Handshake Solutions, is a synthesised asynchronous ARM9 core available as a licensable IP core with ... the clocked ARM9 cores It demonstrated low current peaks and very low electromagnetic emissions and is robust against current, voltage, and temperature variations due to the intrinsic ability...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_17 pot
... standpoint, both analog and architectural designs require similarly sized guard-bands (Adaptive Op Point, Figure 12.18) to guarantee power stays within limits Because of issues in testing and ... Checking Chao Wang, Gary D Hachtel, and Fabio Somenzi ISBN 978-0-387-28594-2, 2006 A Practical Introduction to PSL Cindy Eisner and Dana Fisman ISBN 978-0-387-35313-5, 2006 Thermal and Power Management ... Vassighi and Manoj Sachdev ISBN 978-0-387-25762-4, 2006 Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies Siva G Narendra and Anantha Chandrakasan ISBN 978-0-387-25737-2, 2005 Statistical Analysis and Optimization...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Multiple Interference Cancellation Performance for GPS Receivers with Dual-Polarized Antenna Arrays Jing Wang and Moe" ppt
... angles of 20 and 50 degrees and azimuth angles of 200 and 120 degrees, respectively, with 20 dB JNR, and two vertically polarized jammers arrive from elevation angles of 100 and 160 degrees and azimuth ... EEC0332490, and in part by ONR, Contract no N65540-05-C0028 J Wang and M G Amin 13 REFERENCES [1] M S Grewal, L R Weill, and A P Andrews, Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration, ... directions for the four beamformers are −45 and −48 dB, −49 and −62 dB, −53 and dB, −51 and −50 dB, respectively Based on the simulation results in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), with the exception of the beamformer...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Spectrum of Class wF(p,r, q) Operators Jiangtao Yuan and Zongsheng Gao" ppt
... [4] A Aluthge and D Wang, “w-hyponormal operators,” Integral Equations and Operator Theory, vol 36, no 1, pp 1–10, 2000 [5] M Fujii, C Himeji, and A Matsumoto, “Theorems of Ando and Saito for ... Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, Birkh¨ user, Basel, Switzerland, 1983 a J Yuan and Z Gao [3] K Tanahashi, “On log-hyponormal operators,” Integral Equations and Operator Theory, vol ... Equations and Operator Theory, vol 53, no 4, pp 497–508, 2005 [17] Y M Han, J I Lee, and D Wang, “Riesz idempotent and Weyl’s theorem for w-hyponormal operators,” Integral Equations and Operator...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications wang and soper eds pot
... steps of sample handling and processing, and improving data quality and quantitative capabilities This format also helps to reduce the overall cost and time of the measurement and at the same ... Microstructures and Applications in Microfluidic and Optical Components Ren Yang and Wanjun Wang CONTENTS 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Numerical Study of Diffraction Compensation and Wavelength ... µm [19] Williams and Wang obtained a 65:1 high-aspect-ratio structure up to µm high with a Quntel aligner [20] Yang and Wang reported a work covering both numerical simulations and an experimental...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 1 pot
... steps of sample handling and processing, and improving data quality and quantitative capabilities This format also helps to reduce the overall cost and time of the measurement and at the same ... µm [19] Williams and Wang obtained a 65:1 high-aspect-ratio structure up to µm high with a Quntel aligner [20] Yang and Wang reported a work covering both numerical simulations and an experimental ... and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data BioMEMS : technologies and applications / edited by Wanjun Wang...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 2 pot
... reduce the device and sample sizes, develop low-cost and single-use disposable devices, and to improve device portability along with low consumption of sample and buffer fluids, and to reduce the ... [8] D E Lee, H.-P Chen, S Soper, and W Wang, An Electrochemical Micropump and Its application in a DNA Mixing and Analysis System, presented in Micromachining and Microfabrication, Photonics West, ... Williams, and W Wang, A rapid micro-mixer/reactor based on arrays of spatially impinging micro-jets, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 14, 10, 1345–1351, October 2004 [26] R Yang and W Wang, ...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 4 doc
... Okinaka, Y and Wolowodiuk, C., Cyanoaurate(III) formation and its effect on current efficiency in gold plating, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 128 (1981), 288–294 [72] Baudrand, D.W and Mandich, ... Park, E.-S Lee, and S.-R Lee, Flow behavior at the embossing stage of nanoimprint lithography, Fibers and Polymers 3, (2002) 113 [20] H.D Rowland and W.P King, Polymer deformation and filling modes ... Degradation—Principles and Practical Applications, Hanser, Munich (1981) [39] Levinson, H.J and Arnold, W.H Optical lithography, in SPIE Handbook of Microlithography, Micromachining, and Microfabrication,...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 7 ppt
... c dA ∑∫ ∞ Ae i i i i (7.2) ∞ Ai where U and r are the local velocity and density, respectively, of the mixture, and Ui and ri are the velocity and density of the fluid of the ith layer Both ... recent years, and we will mention a few A brief review of passive and active micromixers can be found in Campbell and Grzybowski10 who also provide a tabulated assessment of performance and manufacturing ... al.11 A more comprehensive and nicely illustrated review of a broad variety of both passive and active mixers available in the literature is presented in Nguyen and Wu5 and will not be duplicated...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 8 pdf
... M., Kumar, S., and Castellana, E.T., 2003, Generating fixed concentration arrays in a microfluidic device, Sensors and Actuators B, 92, 199–207 26 Yang, R., Williams, J.D., and Wang, W., 2004, ... A.D., and Whitesides, G.M., 2000, Generation of solution and surface gradients using microfluidic systems, Langmuir, 16, 8311–8316 30 Lin, F., Saadi, W., Rhee, S.W., Wang, S-J, Mittal, S., and ... S.A., and Murphy, M.C., Modeling and validation of a molded polycarbonate continuous flow polymerase chain reaction device, in MicroFluidics, Bio-MEMS, and Medical Microsystems, Becker, H and Wolas,...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 10 ppsx
... voltammetric analysis and for integrating voltammetric procedures with on-chip chemical reactions and fluid manipulations Wang and coworkers recorded linear-sweep, square-wave, and adsorptive-stripping ... electrode, presented by Wang and coworkers, was used for the simultaneous measurements of glucose, ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid,122 glucose and ethanol,123 and later for the determination ... Ivandini, T.A., and Fujishima, A., Modified diamond electrodes for electrolysis and electroanalysis applications Electrochim Acta 2004, 49(22–23), 3989 122 Wang, J., Chatrathi, M.P., Tian, B., and...
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Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications - Wang and Soper (Eds) Part 12 pptx
... center-to-center distance of mm (From S Chandrasekaran, J Brazzle and B Frazier, J of Microelectromechanical Systems, 12, 289–295, 2003, and S Chandrasekaran and B Frazier, J of Microelectromechanical ... Stupar and A Pisano, Silicon, parylene and silicon/parylene microneedles for strength and toughness, in Dig Transducers’01, Int Conf Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, 1386, 2001 [27] S Davis, B Landis, ... McAllister et al demonstrated three-dimensional tapered-shaft and straight-shaft hollow metallic microneedles as shown in Figure 12.10 [22] The straight-shaft microneedles were fabricated by electroplating...
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