... attribute of a real brand. There is yet a single Chinese brand that is recognised worldwide. “Giants with feet of clay” was the pessimistic assessment from an influential source of the ability ofChinese ... globalisation ofChinese brandsThe AuthorsYing Fan, Brunel University, London, UK Abstract Purpose – To examine the state of health of branding in China, focusing on the performance of major Chinese ... art of marketing and brand building in the Western sense of the word. They are aware of the necessity, but not of how to do it (Cass Creative Report, 2004).There is a serious shortage of branding...
... 5:41http://www.cmjournal.org/content/5/1/41Page 8 of 9Author details1School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of HongKong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.2School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ... al. Chinese Medicine 2010, 5:41http://www.cmjournal.org/content/5/1/41Page 9 of 9Use ofChinese OTC medications andconsultations with Chinese medicine practitionersA total of 19.0% of the ... 13(3):361-7.9. Licensing ofChinese Medicines Traders, Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong. [http://www.cmchk.org.hk/pcm/eng/idx_licen.htm].10. Xie YG: History ofChinese Medicine in Hong...
... respect of semantics, “glad” and “pleased” have one of their senses of denoting the feeling of pleasure when something good has happened. “Cheerful” has one of three senses suggesting one of the ... Grammatical features and semantics of “Glad” “Glad” has a number of the syntactic functions as head of an adjectival phrase, N.T.T. Huong, N.T.V. Lam / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages ... happy choice of the words. The happy choice and the correct use of the words by the translators, as a matter of fact, are subject to the mastering of the grammatical features and semantic structures...
... percentage of sentences with correct answers),as well as F1: the harmonic mean of precision (theproportion of correct answers out of sentences witha parse) and recall (the proportion of correct ... Goldwater∗sgwater@inf.ed.ac.uk∗School of InformaticsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK†Department of ComputingMacquarie UniversitySydney, NSW 2109, AustraliaAbstractMany semanticparsing models use ... state -of- the-art semanticparsing re-sults while remaining applicable to any do-main employing probabilistic tree transducers.1 Introduction Semantic parsing is the task of mapping natural...
... LinguisticsUnderstanding the Semantic Structure of Noun Phrase QueriesXiao LiMicrosoft ResearchOne Microsoft WayRedmond, WA 98052 USAxiaol@microsoft.comAbstractDetermining the semantic intent of webqueries ... the semantic structure of noun phrase queries, i.e., IHs, IMsand the semantic labels of IMs. In particular, weinvestigate the use of transition, lexical, semantic and syntactic features. The semantic ... respectively. For both A3and A4, the number of such semantic features isequal to the number of lexicons multiplied by thenumber of state labels.The same source ofsemantic knowledge can beconveniently...
... semantic orientation of for-eign words. Identifying the semantic orienta-tion of words has numerous applications in theareas of text classification, analysis of prod-uct review, analysis of ... LinguisticsIdentifying the Semantic Orientation of Foreign WordsAhmed HassanEECS DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, MIhassanam@umich.eduAmjad Abu-JbaraEECS DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ... online discussions. Identifyingthe semantic orientation of English words hasbeen extensively studied in literature. Most of this work assumes the existence of resources(e.g. Wordnet, seeds,...
... in this paper was twofold. Firstly, we wanted to compare the performance of different machine learning algorithms on the task of map-ping from a vector of web frequencies of para-phrases containing ... which one of the nouns modifies another semantically in this context. We excluded deter-miners on the basis that the presence of a deter-miner does not affect the semantic properties of the interaction ... mechanisms of these different learning approaches will be discussed briefly in Section 4. 3 Related Work 3.1 Web Mining Much of the recent work conducted on the problem of assigning semantic...
... :¯xnewi=xixiexpβxijwij¯xoldjxiexpβxijwij¯xoldj. (7)4 Extraction ofSemantic Orientation of Words with Spin ModelWe use the spin model to extract semantic orienta-tions of words.Each spin has a direction taking one of two values:up or ... proposed a method for ex-tracting semantic orientations of words with boot-strapping. The semantic orientation of a word isdetermined on the basis of its gloss, if any of their52 hand-crafted rules ... AnalysisWe investigated a number of errors and concludedthat there were mainly three types of errors.One is the ambiguity of word senses. For exam-ple, one of the glosses of “costly”is “entailing...
... construction of a prototype system for the understanding of spo- ken requests to an electronic directory assis- tance service, such as finding the phone number and address of a local business that offers ... this paper we present some results of employ- ing two types of prosodic information, namely pitch and pause, to assist syntactic and semantic analysis during parsing. 1. INTRODUCTION In attempting ... certain prosod- ic information into the process of parsing, com- bining syntax, semantics, pragmatics and prosody for disambiguation 1 . The context of the work is an electronic directory assistance...