sand screeds on sprayed concrete floors
swimming pools 4ed philip h perkins 2
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 20:36
... Cement -sand rendering to insitu concrete walls Cement -sand rendering to sprayed concrete walls Cement -sand rendering to concrete block walls Cement -sand screeds on insitu concrete floors Cement -sand ... Flotation (uplift) of the pool shell General comments on design and construction Concrete construction in cold weather Concrete construction in hot weather Plastic cracking Thermal contraction cracking ... reinforced concrete and cement-based materials used in the construction of swimming pools 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Introduction Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete Carbonation of concrete...
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ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY LEVEL OF NAKDONG RIVER BASIN AND ITS CONTROL BY WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 08:40
... due to hindrance actions of the coexistence substances CONCLUSIONS In this research, investigation of the polluted situation in Nakdong River and estimation on the purification treatment method ... sufficiently removed by conventional activated sludge treatment, it can be reduced to less than 5% estrogenic activity level by the combination of sand filtration and ozonation processes Fig indicates ... sufficiently removed by conventional activated sludge treatment, it is reduced to less than 5% estrogenic activity level by the combination of sand filtration and ozonation process in STPs During...
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Tài liệu Water Treatment and Pathogen Control docx
Ngày tải lên :
26/02/2014, 20:20
... COAGULATION, FLOCCULATION AND SEDIMENTATION Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation are used in conjunction with subsequent filtration These processes are summarized below • Coagulation promotes ... quality source possible); • coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; • filtration; • disinfection; • protection of the distribution system If these conventional barriers are thought to be inadequate, ... infiltration 10 (v) vi Water treatment and pathogen control 2.2 Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation .12 2.2.1 Conventional clarification .13 2.2.2 High-rate clarification ...
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New technologies or innovative treatment lines for reliable water treatment for P&P and minimization of waste production ppt
Ngày tải lên :
09/03/2014, 00:20
... energy consumption (from 15-500 kWh depending on the applied technology): for this last reason, evapoconcentration is only focused on concentrated streams - Considering these, evapoconcentration has ... health The conventional treatment generally consists of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration One of the main disadvantages of this process combining sedimentation and sand filtration ... EVAPORATOR Concentrate Vapor Condensate Circulation Condensate Solution to concentrate Figure 8: Evaporation scheme Concentrate Figure 9: Evaporator design The aim of evapoconcentration is to obtain...
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Combined household water treatment and indoor air pollution projects in urban Mambanda, Cameroon and rural Nyanza, Kenya ppt
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 16:20
... criteria on potential synergies and antagonisms, also contributed to structuring the evaluation. 3. Country Reports CAMEROON Local situation Cameroon is a country of 18.2 million people. Mean life expectancy at birth is 50/52 years ... are considered in the overall report, but the focus in this section is on how effective the interventions are in practice in reducing levels of HAP in the home, and for personal exposures. Impact of interventions on household pollution and personal exposure ... 2.4.2 Improved stoves: reduction of household solid fuel air pollution Prior situation Traditionally, three‐stone‐stoves were the most commonly used in Douala. These consisted of three stones surrounding a fuel source, typically wood or sawdust. Although inexpensive, ...
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Chemical of alumina reactions in aqueous solution and its application in water treatment
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 23:22
... proton donor) and AlOy (type 3, proton acceptor or electron donor) have the stronger hydrogen bond formers, while AlOH (type 2, electron donor) is relatively weak Adsorption of these compounds on ... the case of ozonation alone The O3 yTiO2 system resulted in a BDOC concentration that was 30% lower than with ozonation alone, which is a result of a higher mineralisation of ozonation byproducts ... to proton abstractionacceptation Lewis aciditybasicity is the ability to electron acceptationabstraction w42x Chemisorption of water on the alumina surface is considered to be a reaction between...
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Butterworth heinemann handbook of water and wastewater treatment technologies
Ngày tải lên :
16/03/2014, 18:11
... pollution controls I am a strong proponent of pollution prevention, and indeed have developed an international consulting practice around it However, we should recognize that oftentimes pollution ... contains sand, anthracite, or both, slow or rapid rate, constant or declining rate, filtration is still filtration, sedimentation is still sedimentation, and disinfection is still disinfection ... equivalent) NATIONAL SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs or secondary standards) are non-enforceable guidelines regulating contaminants that...
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WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND RECENT ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENTS potx
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 21:20
... evaporation control may be practiced by the addition of fatty alcohols which form a monolayer on the surface Figure Decision diagram dealing with for waste water formation, avoidance, separation and ... necessary to consider the adsorption phenomenon itself in conjunction with the preparation and regeneration of the adsorbent, since from a process engineering stand point the two processes constitute ... question accumulate on an irregular basis With higher contaminant concentrations, either high-pressure or low-pressure wet oxidation can be implemented Evaporation followed by combustion becomes...
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handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations frank r. spellman
Ngày tải lên :
01/04/2014, 11:46
... math Clarification Coagulation — flocculation Corrosion control Disinfection Disinfection — math Basic electricity and controls Filtration Filtration — math Fluoridation Fluoridation — math General ... Calculations 4.18.3 Distribution System Disinfection Calculations 4.19 Complex Conversions 4.19.1 Concentration to Quantity 4.19.1.1 Concentration (Milligrams per Liter) to Pounds 4.19.1.2 Concentration ... distribution systems is associated with cross-connections to nonpotable waters There are many connections between potable and nonpotable systems — every drain in a hospital constitutes such a connection,...
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boiler water treatment principles and practice vol 1 & 2
Ngày tải lên :
02/04/2014, 15:21
... Problems: Pre-Boiler Section Specifics 6.1 Overview of Pre-Boiler Section Waterside Problems 6.2 Feedwater Contamination from Makeup Water 6.3 FW Contamination from Returning Condensate 6.4 Problems ... Boiler Section Specifics 7.1 Boiler Scaling, Fouling, and Deposition 7.2 Passivation and Common Corrosion Problems 7.3 Stress and High Temperature-Related Corrosion 7.4 Other Forms of Corrosion 7.5 ... carboxymethylcellulose CMC critical miscelle concentration COC cycle of concentration cogen cogeneration boiler CR condensate return CTTD condenser temperature terminal difference ...
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drinking water treatment focusing on appropriate technology and sustainability
Ngày tải lên :
30/05/2014, 22:56
... membranes are considered non-porous, diffusion is the primary transportation function for water to pass from high concentration to low concentration As stated in Table 4.3 (chapter on desalination) seawater ... scenario was a product of the monsoon season, and therefore the study analyzed water quality in both the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons and compared the two Lake contamination is caused primarily by ... are: natural filtration, riverbank filtration, slow sand filtration, membrane filtration, solar pasteurization, membrane desalinization, and solar distillation The chapter on transdisciplinary...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... maximum concentration reported c med = median concentration reported d only = only measured concentration reported e ave = average concentration reported Note: Entries in bold are concentrations reported ... mg/kg a max = maximum concentration reported nd = not detected c only = only measured concentration reported d ave = average concentration reported e concentrations were carbon normalized Note: ... Christine Klein, Seamus O’Connor, Jonas Locke, and Diana Aga Chapter Gadolinium Containing Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Investigations on the Environmental Fate and Effects...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... method relied on a one-step-SPE, an HPLC separation using four different solvent gradients and detection by IT-MS in consecutive reaction monitoring (CRM) mode.30 A number of stationary phases ... hydrocodone, showed a considerable degree of ionization suppression Hydrocodone, though, showed signal enhancement In another work the same group reported a methodology using an isotope dilution technique ... selected commonly on the basis of their consumption in the country where the study is being conducted, the rate of metabolism of drugs, the environmental occurrence, and persistence in the environment...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... extraction conditions for tetracyclines from soil, the percent recovery at low concentrations was significantly higher than at the spiked concentrations When soil was spiked (n = 3) at concentrations ... electrospray ionization ((+)-ESI), although negative electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and fast atom bombardment ionization have also been used52–56 utilizing ion-trap ... conditions, such as those provided by the other techniques discussed below 3.3.2 SONICATION-ASSISTED EXTRACTION In sonication assisted extraction (SAE) samples are mixed with an extraction solvent...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... procedures consist of an estimation of the environmental concentration, on the one hand, and the experimental determination of a no-effect concentration (NOEC) of the pharmaceutical on the other ... Measured Concentrations in the Acute Toxicity Tests on Fish [% of the Nominal Concentrations] Measured Concentrations in the Acute Toxicity Tests on Waterflea [% of the Nominal Concentrations] 106.01 ... the relationship of REEs concentration in algae and their concentration in culture medium can be described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation They concluded that an adsorption process...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... environment Reviews in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 180, 1, 2004 Sommer, C et al Ivermectin excreted in cattle dung after sub-cutaneous injection or pour -on treatment: concentrations ... including pH, organic carbon content, metal oxide content, ionic strength, and cation-cation exchange capacity.22–25 The complexity of the sorbate-sorbent interactions means that modelling approaches ... solubility, sorption behavior, and persistence of the contaminant; the physical structure, pH, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity of the soil matrix; and climatic conditions such as...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... cations, anions, zwitterions) in proportions dependent on pH conditions While neutral molecules partition to solid phases via relatively weak van der Waals and electron donor-acceptor interactions, ... true contribution of CEC to the sorption of OTC in the Jones et al.26 study Additional experiments on electrolyte composition effects on the sorption of tetracyclines also support a cation exchange ... indicating that the cation contributes the most to OTC sorption even under pH conditions where the zwitterion species predominates in solution To explain the sorption of the +–0 zwitterion, Figueroa et...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... leachate was concentrated using solid-phase extraction cartridges (Waters Oasis® HLB, Milford, Massachusetts) Cartridges were conditioned with mL acetonitrile followed by mL of 10% acetonitrile Following ... with peak concentrations coming from the second and third leachings Greater concentrations of Enterococcus were seen in column leachates compared to E coli, particularly at the second leaching ... et al., 2005); desorption was found to be
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... the initial concentration after months In the sandy soil D both degradation and sorption are lowest Hence, any concentration higher than 50% of the initial concentration after months can be attributed ... a degradation of less than 5% after weeks.5 Sulfonamides are stable in manure until application, too,9 especially with nonoptimal conditions (e.g., cold weather, anaerobic conditions),10,11 but ... concentration after months Furthermore, it is possible that the observed decrease in concentrations was not due to metabolism but rather due to poor extraction recovery resulting from the strong...
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