... its physiological role is uncertain In fact, theroleand physiological advantages ofthe coexistence of several PPOs in the same micro-organism remain unknown The synthesis of melanin in micro-organisms ... to be part ofthe defense system against wounding and infection by the pathogen [16] Thus, the timing and location of melanization seems to be essential for the prevalence of one of these two ... but the differentiation between these two types of enzyme is not clear [4] Looking at the sequences ofthe two enzymes, both show absolute conservation ofthe histidine residues ofthe CuA and...
... ofthe effect of single point mutations on the solution structure of monomeric derivatives, we analysed the 2D NMR spectra ofthe different variants of mBS Figure shows the expanded regions of ... °C and 37 °C, andthe extent ofthe swapping was assessed as previously described Figure shows the amount ofthe MxM form present as a function of incubation time P19A-BS-RNase behaves like the ... (D) The percentage ofthe MxM form as a function ofthe incubation time at °C (r) and 37 °C (d) is reported for each dimeric protein intrinsic flexibility of this tract ofthe protein Yet, in the...
... entirely to the catalytic roleof these domains Rather, the advantage appears to depend on the ability ofthe lipoyl group to protrude from the inner core ofthe complex, indicative ofthe biological ... function of (a) concentrations ofthe reaction substrates and products, (b) kinetic properties ofthe component enzymes, E1, E2 and E3, and (c) their stoichiometry and interactions within the complex ... confirmed the inhibition ofthe overall reaction by the low molecular mass disulfides [41] The data pointed to the exchange of redox equivalents between the complexes andthe medium, involving the dihydrolipoate...
... decrease at the beginning ofthe 1990s Table ofthe appendix provides further details about the distribution ofthe bankruptcies across US states ranked in the order ofthe total number ofbank failures ... to the reaction of bankruptcies across different types of banks and thrifts to the history of recent failures across the entire industry Looking at the effect of contagion within each type ofbank ... actual bank failures Based on the coefficients ofthe baseline model of column of table 1, the solid line of figure represents the predicted number ofbank failures whilst the bars show the corresponding...
... Foundation, the Government of Norway, Grand Challenges Canada, andtheWorldBank 3.1.2 Theroleof controlled cord traction in the active management of third stage of labour: A randomized non-inferiority ... transitioned into the recovery phase ofthe study The early termination ofthe regimen will compromise the precision of a final estimate ofthe contraceptive failure rate of this regimen The side-effects ... Director ofthe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); the US Surgeon General; the Director ofthe Office of Global Health Affairs in the US Department of Health and Human Services; the Secretary-General...
... independent ofthe thermodynamic and kinetic properties ofthe binding process and is solely based on the detectability ofthe peptides of interest We have used this method to show that binding of fosfomycin ... ligand binding The loop region ofthe upper domain moves towards the active site ofthe enzyme, thus shielding the substrates (and ligands) from bulk solvent A detailed thermodynamic study of ... the importance of R120 for the formation ofthe covalent fosfomycin adduct, we constructed the K22V/R120V and K22V/R120K double mutants (see Materials and methods) and repeated the analysis of...
... panel) The signal from the 18 kDa subunit of complex I (NDUFB6) served as another identification ofthe complex at the position ofthe histochemical stain in the left panel Antisera against the SDHC ... how the level of a complex of 46 subunits is determined The activities of complex II andthe downstream complex III ofthe electron transport chain were measured and found to be near normal in the ... about the formation of supercomplexes andthe effect ofthe absence of intact complex I, but the results are too preliminary in this regard Heterologous expression ofthe ESSS-HA subunit The localization...
... to the first site This is of particular interest as we, and others, have detected multiple forms ofthe cytoplasmic tail of MUC1, MUC1FDTR and its derivatives [9,13] Further, the migration ofthe ... cleavage Comparison ofthe relative intensity ofthe noncleaved and cleaved forms ofthe S ⁄ A, G ⁄ A and F ⁄ A mutants suggests that the S ⁄ A mutation has the most dramatic effect on the cleavage ... Ribbon representation ofthe modelled SEA domain of human MUC1 The model consists of three a-helices and six b-strands forming an a ⁄ b sandwich fold The FRPG ⁄ SVVV residues ofthe MUC1 cleavage...
... one of these studies collected data on the number of poultry kept by the sampled households in the study year and, in the case of Kenya, Nigeria, and Ghana, on the number of poultry sold andthe ... income and wealth According to this method of matching, the two groups—which include the treatment group of households representing the result ofthe HPAI-induced supply -and- demand shocks andthe ... on the type and quantity of assets owned by the households Therefore, these datasets allow us to investigate in detail theroleof poultry (both as a source of income and as an asset) in the...
... activation ofthe glutaminase reaction and CTP synthesis was compared (Fig 5) In the absence of GTP, the rate of glutamine hydrolysis was signicantly higher than the rate of CTP synthesis so that the ... locks the enzyme in the active form for CTP synthesis and thereby stimulates the kcat ofthe reaction Since GTP actually will activate the uncoupled glutaminase reaction the structure ofthe monomer ... (Figs 4C and 5) One might have expected that if theroleof GTP was solely to increase the rate of glutamine hydrolysis, there would have been no effect of adding GTP when the rate of CTP synthesis...
... explain the paradox of millions who successfully The influence ofthe media and their role in product marketing represent one ofthe key developments of modern society Effective advertising and ... tobacco the individual, organizational, and societal levels and how these levels affect the framing of research efforts and their findings This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding some ofthe ... product ofthe mass media era; the art and science of mass communications and mass marketing were critical to the growth of tobacco use in the past century At the same time, however, the media...
... been hypothesized to be a result ofthe presence of an amino acid that occludes the active site This idea has been proposed because of similarities in the structures ofthe C-terminals ofthe related ... tyrosinase denatured and, thus, the apparent shapes ofthe unfolding curves should not be over interpreted The use ofthe concentration of GdnCl at 50% unfolded as a simple measure ofthe change in ... increases the overall stability ofthe protein It was also apparent that the C-terminal extension of pro-tyrosinase reduces its overall stability in either the holo- or apo-forms ofthe enzyme The...
... determinants ofthe presence of Zn(II), and therefore ofthe Zn- or Cu-thionein character ofthe polypeptides Hence, the two full-length peptides, CeMT1 and CeMT2, give rise to mixtures of complexes, ... stoichiometry andthe homogeneity of their preparations These differences are a result ofthe different coordination capacities ofthe respective C-terminal moieties and are attributable to the four ... reported for the native and recombinant Cd(II)–CeMT2 isoform [16,20] The slight blueshift ofthe spectrum of Cd6Zn1–CeMT1 in relation to that of Cd6–CeMT2 is attributable to the influence ofthe Zn(II)...
... where Ri and Gi are the red and green intensities of voxel I, respectively, and Rav and Gav the average values of Ri and Gi, respectively It is used for describing the correlation ofthe intensity ... of D2R Because this study used genetic variants of D2R that lacked either 2, or residues from the 217–222 motif of ic3, andthe cellular localization of these mutants depended on the number of ... indicated basic region of ic3 ofthe D2 receptor and acidic region ofthe C-tail ofthe D1 receptor might be involved in the interactions between the two dopamine receptors In addition, the subcellular...
... cleavage ofthe c-phosphate does occur in the NBD with the mutation at the IC [36,38,39] Moreover, these and other studies suggest that the IC residues are involved in the formation ofthe NBD ... contacts the c-phosphate ofthe bound nucleotide across the dimer [15] andthe aromatic residue ofthe A-loop Abcb1a catalytic mechanism stacks against the adenine moiety of bound nucleotide and provides ... order to investigate further theroleofthe IC in the catalysis of ABC transporters, we created, in Abcb1a, six single-site mutants (E552D, N and A, and E1197D, N and A,) and three double-mutants...
... ammonia-lyases Results and discussion Modeling the active conformation ofthe essential Tyr110-loop of parsley PAL Because ofthe uncertainty ofthe arrangement andtheroleofthe essential Tyr110-loop ... putida [33] and Bacillus subtilis [34], respectively On the basis ofthe functional similarity of HAL and PAL, ofthe same electrophilic prosthetic group at the active sites, andofthe sequence ... 17 A apart from the exocyclic methylene C-atom ofthe MIO prosthetic group On the basis ofthe experimental structures, hypotheses on theroleofthe Tyr110-loop have been put forward One group...
... seen for the Phe triad in the structure ofthe mutant Exg:L3 complex Neither ofthe two sugar residues interacting with the Trp triad overlaps with the sugar seen in the Phe-Phe clamp of Exg Structural ... exoglucanase W M Patrick et al to help explain their importance to the specificity and catalytic efficiency ofthe enzyme Theroleofthe Phe-Phe entranceway Fig Binding of laminaritriose (L3) to Exg double ... Rearrangement ofthe water molecules in and around the clamp region as seen in the crystal structure may be relevant The relative activities ofthe mutants tested showed the same trend for both the hydrolysis...
... show the critical roleofthe last amino acids in the C-terminus of MaL Deletion ofthe four last amino acids strongly reduced the expression ofthe protein in T reesei and S cerevisiae Furthermore, ... 5B) Owing to the lower steric limitations ofthe side chain ofthe Ala than ofthe Leu, water may occupy the space Furthermore, the side chain of His140, which is coordinated to the T3 copper, ... loses its chloride ion and probably also the T2 copper, as the B-value ofthe T2 copper was rather high On the basis ofthe anomalous signal, the estimated occupancy ofthe T2 copper was about...
... in the range 15) 60 C The results ofthe analysis of these curves using the linear extrapolation model (LEM) are shown in Tables andand Fig 4AC There is a slight temperature dependence ofthe ... structure, on the basis of their percentage contributions (65% and 35%, respectively) to the overall structure ofthe protein The structures ofthe major and minor conformations of holo-ACP bear close ... estimated on the basis ofthe linear regression ofthe fraction number ofthe molecular mass markers cytochrome c (CyC), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and BSA From the calibration curve ofthe sucrose...