... market-based instruments and
partnership-based financing and management models bring-
ing together the public and private sectors, not forgetting the
vital roleof education.
Wise investments in wastewater ... from
mining operations can contain silt and rock particles and sur-
factants. Depending on the type of ore deposit being mined,
tailings can also contain heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, ... examples of persistent environmental damage caused by
the discharge of toxic mine waste. In Papua New Guinea for ex-
ample, companies discharge millions of tons of contaminated
mine waste into...
... China Statistics Yearbook, China Financial Yearbook and People’s Bank of China
Statistics Quarterly bulletin.
B. Developmentof direct financing and indirect financing markets
providing financing ... in exploring on-line banking business as well as in promoting
non-bank financial institutions. Efforts should be made in upgrading financial
operations and financial services, and in conducting ... using traditional monetary policy
instruments.
C. Sequencing of institution building in the financial sector
The sequencing of institution building in the financial sector may differ from
country...
...
ethanol-induced mucosal injury in the upper
gastrointestinal tract leading to increase in the
permeability of the gut mucosa to endotoxins [43, 44].
These factors are involved in ethanol-induced ... . Interestingly, HMGN3 has been
found to be associated with resistance against
anticancer drugs including vinblastine, topotecan,
paclitaxel and doxorubincin in human hepatocellular
carcinoma ... signaling. This finding corroborates the
interaction observed between various intracellular
signaling pathways and apoptosis induced by 1mM
concentration of ethanol in HepG2 cells [19].
Int....
... shown that interactions between
KCs and endotoxin comprise the initiating event lead-
ing to hepatotoxicity in liver injury, including endotox-
emia and ischemia ⁄ reperfusion injury [14]. In our
studies, ... signaling is independent of
Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor
protein. Drug Metab Dispos 36, 95–101.
10 Ghose R, Guo T & Haque N (2009) Regulation of gene
expression of hepatic ... USA). Binding of all of the anti-
bodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRON
Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manu-
facturer’s instructions. The intensity of the...
... renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in the
United States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies deter-
mined by clinical trials and estimated in ... should continue to be included in ongoing testing programs if their skin-test
results are <5 mm induration. Those vaccinees who have positive tuberculin skin-test
reactions (≥5 mm of induration) ... preventing pulmonary TB in adoles-
cents and adults. These studies also were not useful in determining a) the efficacy of
BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered
6...
... REPORT 2013 1
GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013
Rethinking the
Role of the State in Finance
Washington, D.C.
GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 BENCHMARKING FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AROUND ... would involve
the following determinations: in terms of
producing information about possible invest-
ments and allocating capital, the financial
(a) developing and analyzing measures of the ... process of reducing the costs
development of acquiring information, enforcing contracts, and making transac-
tions. Empirically, measuring financial development directly is chal-
lenging. Instead,...
... important rolein the financial system of
the U.S. economy. They complement the roleof large banks by special-
izing in relationship banking and providing credit to small
businesses—a sector that ... “Small Business Lending and the
Changing Structure of the Banking Industry,” Journal of Banking and
Finance, August.
Sullivan, Richard J. 2000. “How Has the Adoption of Internet Banking Affected
Performance ... larger
banks in making small business loans. Loan officers at small banks can
take into account a wide variety of factors in reviewing applications for
small business loans, including the character of...
... or without hematoxylin staining.
In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in
a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati,
OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O
2
. Culture
medium ... cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine
serum. OP9 cells were grown in aMEM containing 20%
fetal bovine serum. C2C12 cells were maintained in DMEM
containing 10% fetal bovine serum.
Adipogenic ... serum
and IDM (10 lgặmL
)1
insulin, 1 lm dexamethasone, and
0.5 mm IDM). Cells were then maintained in DMEM con-
taining 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 lgặmL
)1
insulin. The
medium was replaced...
... calcium-independent
phospholipase A
2
participates in ER stress-induced
INS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting cera-
mide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins by
neutral sphingomyelinase. Biochemistry 46, ... leading to the accumulation
of sphingomyelin [27]. Because one of the pathways
for ceramide recycling is the sphingomyelin pathway, it
is conceivable that in addition to the accumulation of
Fig. ... should have a key rolein our under-
standing of the mechanisms of the disease. We propose
that pathology data will, in most cases, be more
insightful than clinical data in defining the disease.
This...
... rolein skin wound
healing. After a skin injury, PPARb expression is rap-
idly elevated in the epidermis at the wound edges; dele-
tion of a single PPARb allele results in delayed wound
healing ... cultured
human keratinocytes [14].
In this study, we examined the interaction between
CerK and PPARb, and its rolein regulating keratino-
cyte survival. We report that in a mouse keratinocyte
cell line upregulation ... important rolein keratinocyte sur-
vival during skin wound healing, and PPARb expres-
sion is elevated at injury sites [10,15]. We investigated
whether skin barrier disruption by tape-stripping
would...