... following example, RADIUS-style accounting is used to track all
usages of EXEC commands and network services, such as PPP, SLIP
and ARAP
aaa accounting exe start-stop radius
aaa accounting network ... local username database on the router, the
command would be:
aaa authentication login default local
To log in using PPP and specify the local username database, the
command would be:
aaa authentication ... command
aaa authorization
This example allows authorization on the network via TACACS+
aaa authorization network tacacs+
This example specifies TACACS+ as the method for user authorization
when...
... high
availability features ofa
Network Load Balancing
cluster.
Lead-in
Network Load Balancing
manages TCP/IP traffic to
maintain high availability
and dynamic load balancing
for IP-based ... states, application data state and session state:
Application data state. It is important to consider whether the server
application makes changes to a data store and whether the changes are ...
synchronized across instances of the application (the instances that are
running on the network load balancing cluster hosts).
An example of an application that does not make changes to a data store...
...
Lead Program Manager: Ryan Calafato
Program Manager: Joern Wettern (Wettern Network Solutions)
Graphic Artist: Julie Stone (Independent Contractor)
Editing Manager: Tina Tsiakalis
Substantive ... install software, you can ensure that the same applications
are available on any computer to which a user logs on. You can also ensure
that missing files and settings are repaired automatically ... methods of
administering a
Windows 2000 network.
Lead-in
As an administrator, you can
take advantage of the
Windows 2000 Active
Directory and Group Policy
features to centrally manage
all...
... signature database current
The majority of IDS that are currently available for use are signature based. Because new
vulnerabilities and attacks are being discovered daily, the signature database ... protected network from unnecessary ICMP
traffic. There are a variety of ICMP message types, and some are associated with
programs. Some message types are used for network management and are
automatically ...
security staff can monitor the health of the systems and network. Many organizations have a
Network Operations Centers (NOC) that fulfills the role ofa central location to place the
manager. IDS...
... Security:
Malware and Spam
www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/cybersecurity/docs/itu-study-financial-aspects -of- malware-and-spam.pdf
35
Table 3 Financial effects of malware and spam
Available data
Player ... evidence
as to the known financial effects of malware and spam.
5. FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL EFFECTS OF MALWARE
Estimates of the costs of malware vary widely and the empirical knowledge base is ... A
CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKFORMODELINGFINANCIALASPECTS OF MALWAREANDSPAM 12
5. F
INANCIALANDOPERATIONALEFFECTS OF MALWARE 14
5.1. D
IRECTANDINDIRECTCOSTS OF MALWARE 14
C
OSTSATANAGGREGATELEVEL 14
C
OSTSFORBUSINESSES...
... anti-virus programs available: those that are installed on the network
infrastructure and those that are installed on end-user machines. Each has advantages and disadvantages,
but the use of ... vendor’s
software (however, past performance may not always be an accurate indicator of future performance).
Failure to Apply Patches: Software has become so complicated that software errors ... vulnerability scanning to validate that operating systems and major
applications are up to date on security patches and software version. Vulnerability scanning is a
somewhat labor-intensive activity...
... with what cannot.
A practical approach demands that we
recognize that there is a tradeoff between the
computational cost of search and the optimality
of configurations satisfying policies. At one
extreme ... views of privileges and
responsibilities A paradigmatic example is the
situation of two connected firewalls, each of
which has a local security policy (administered
by a human perhaps). Even if each ... Virtual Private Networks, and Network
Address Translators has been accompanied by a
great change in the way networks are used and,
hence, the scope ofsecurity policy concerns.
The increased use of...
... protect action
means that the traffic is securely transmitted, a bypass action
means that the traffic is transmitted unsecured and a discard
action means that the traffic is dropped. Such rules are ... human visual inspection. We made an attempt to
quantitatively evaluate the practical usability of the SPA by con-
ducting a set of experiments that consider the level of network
administrator expertise ... rules
inclusively match, then part of the traffic permitted by R
d
is
blocked by R
u
, and we have partial shadowing. Rule 5 in SG
A
and Rule 5 in SG
B
are an example of partial shadowing.
Shadowing is...
... Yen, J.C. and J.I. Guo, 2002. The design and
realization ofa chaotic neural signal security
system. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
(Advances in Mathematical Theory and
Applications), ... in the past few years has
posed new serious security threats and increased the
potential damage that violations may cause. As
organizations are increasing their reliance on computer
network ... these values generate a space of 1029 times
larger than that of DES.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs): A neural network
is a massively parallel-distributed processor made up
from simple...
...
Network Attacks
Network attacks are commonly classified in three general categories: reconnaissance attacks, access attacks, and DoS
attacks.
Reconnaissance Attacks
Reconnaissance attacks are ... Management
Change management is a set of procedures that are developed by the network operations staff and
adhered to whenever changes are made to a network. Companies that implement a software-based
change ... e-mail message itself—they are spread only through
e-mail attachments.
Vandals
A “vandal” is a software application or applet that causes destruction of varying degrees. It can destroy just a...
... becoming a project
manager to oversee outsourcing
• Make a fortune as a consultant when
things are “reinsourced”
• The next big area ofsecurity activity
is non-technical and involves damage
control ... website
security
• Patch management and antivirus are
desktop security
Regulation: The Effect
• Compliance dollars are being
spent under guidance of liability
(legal department)
• Compliance is ... pro hacker
• Everyone is online
• Horrible levels of vulnerability
• Exposure of data and
professionalization of cybercrime
• Venture community pulls up stakes
• Lawmakers stake out turf and arrive
You...