regions pathways enervated by 5ht 1a 2a receptors
Phospholipid signaling pathways triggered by the antigen receptors in t lymphocytes
... while immune receptors such as Fc receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors activate phosholipase C-γ (PLCγ) (Gwack et al., 2007) In tyrosine kinase receptors such as TCR, PLCγ is recruited by the binding ... terminal regions PLD1 is expressed as two splice variants, namely, PLD1a and PLD1b PLD1b, though shorter than PLD1a by 38 amino acids, has the same catalytic activity and regulation as PLD1a (Hammond ... following the engagement of receptors that are coupled to calcium signaling pathway such as antigen receptors on B and T cells, G protein coupled receptors and Fc receptors Ca2+ that is released...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Interaction analysis of the heterotrimer formed by the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit, a4 and the mammalian ortholog of yeast Tip41 (TIPRL) ppt
... novel PP2A heterotrimer IP anti-TIPRL + - - + Anti-PP2Ac PP2Ac Anti-TIPRL TIPRL WCE B Rapa - + IP anti-PP2Ac - - + PP2Ac Anti-PP2Ac α4 Anti-α4 IP anti- α4 WCE C Rapa Anti-TIPRL Anti-PP2Ac Anti-α4 ... PP2Acα α GST His-PP2Acα α His-α4 α + I TIPRL TIPRL + + + + B I B I B I B C Anti- α4 His- α4 His- α4 His-PP2Acα α GST GST fusion GST His-PP2Acα α His-α4 Δ222 α + I PP2Acα α I B I B I B His-PP2Acα ... a novel PP2A heterotrimer J H C Smetana and N I T Zanchin A GST fusion: PP2Acα PP2Acβ α β I B I PP4c B I B PP6c I PP2AcCT B I B GST I B Anti-His GST fusion: PP2Acα/β αβ PP6c PP4c PP2AcCT Coomassie...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Anandamide inhibits Theiler’s virus induced VCAM-1 in brain endothelial cells and reduces leukocyte transmigration in a model of blood brain barrier by activation of CB1 receptors" pdf
... and the possible receptors involved by using antagonists of the classical cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, antagonists of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and inhibitors of PPAR-g receptors; 2) leukocyte ... induced by TMEV at 20 hours postinfection (Figure 1A) AEA also inhibited VCAM-1 expression in resting cells (data not shown) Down-regulation of VCAM-1 induced by AEA (10 μM) was partially reversed by ... 0.05 were considered significant Results Anandamide inhibits VCAM-1 induced by TMEV in brain endothelial cells by CB1 receptors The endothelial blood brain barrier protects the CNS from the changing...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Retrograde transport pathways utilised by viruses and protein toxins" potx
... pathways [85], suggesting that ricin can also bypass the Golgi stack in a CTx-like manner Bypassing the TGN and Golgi stack Details of the pathways taken by SV40 and Py to reach the ER are still under ... means that, to date, no specific ricin receptors have been defined Since RTB has two galactose-binding sites, there is potential for cross-linking of receptors by toxin challenge, with subsequent ... clathrin [54] and infection of primary baby mouse kidney epithelial cells and established murine fibroblasts by Py is insensitive to disruption of caveolar function by treatment with either MßCD or nystatin...
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Báo cáo y học: "Dephosphorylation of CDK9 by protein phosphatase 2A and protein phosphatase-1 in Tat-activated HIV-1 transcription" doc
... dephosphorylation by PP1 and PP2A in vitro Autophosphorylated CDK9/cyclin T1 was subjected to dephosphorylation by PP2A and PP1 Also we analyzed the effect of dephosphorylation of CDK9 by PP2A or PP1 ... PP1 or PP2A (Fig 1A, lane 1) While PP2A efficiently dephosphorylated CDK9 (Fig 1A, lanes and 5), PP1 was approximately 10-time less efficient than PP2A in the dephosphorylation (Fig 1A, lanes ... subunit of PP2A enhanced activation of HIV-1 promoter by phorbol myristate acetate http://www.retrovirology.com/content/2/1/47 (PMA), whereas inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid and by fostriecin...
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Báo cáo y học: "Advances in understanding the regulation of apoptosis and mitosis by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors in pre-clinical models: relevance for human health and disease" potx
... acyl-CoA thioester by the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase is likely to be regulated by PPARα [52] PPARα also participates in the control of fatty acid transport and uptake, by stimulating the ... macrophages by increasing the expression of genes that are involved in lipid uptake and by repressing key genes implicated in lipid metabolism and efflux [74] Regulation of mitosis and apoptosis by PPARs ... that PP may be using both stress and growth pathways Induction of oxidative stress by PP [85,105] may also play a role in the activation of MAP kinase pathways In particular, p38 MAP kinase has...
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Studies on the intracellular signalling pathways triggered by the anaphylatoxin c5a in human phagocytic cells 1
... represented by lower case letters, such as C5a and C5b (coming from C5), while the complement receptors are denoted by the symbol of the protein or fragment to which they bind, followed by the capital ... surface C4b binds C2, which is subsequently cleaved by C1s, to form C2a and C2b While C2b is released, C2a remains bound to C4b and they form the C4b2a complex Also known as the C3 convertase, this ... Complement activation pathways The complement system can be activated through three pathways: classical, alternative, and mannan-binding lectin pathways The Classical Pathway is initiated by the binding...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Pathways and products for the metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochrome P450scc docx
... spectra This work was supported by NIH grant R01AR052190 to A S and by the University of Western Australia References Tuckey RC (2005) Progesterone synthesis by the human placenta Placenta 26, ... metabolism by cytochrome P450scc involves initial hydroxylation at C20 followed by hydroxylations at C23 and C17, respectively (Fig 9, pathway indicated in bold) There are additional minor pathways ... to this product (Fig 8A) Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochrome P450scc Comparing the major pathways of vitamin D3 and cholesterol metabolism by P450scc, the initial hydroxylation of vitamin D3...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Identification of syntaxin-1A sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase I and casein kinase II ppt
... syntaxin -1A is phosphorylated by both CKI and CKII, but not by PKA In addition, we show that munc18 is phosphorylated by PKA Centaurin-a1, a CKI interacting protein [15], is not phosphorylated by CKI, ... syntaxin -1A that are phosphorylated by CKI and CKII Initially two truncated mutants of syntaxin -1A (1–190 and 191–265) were subjected to in vitro kinase assays Syntaxin -1A (1–190), but not syntaxin -1A ... Phosphorylation of syntaxin -1A by CKI and CKII (Eur J Biochem 269) 913 Fig Solid phase Edman sequencing of syntaxin -1A (1–265) after phosphorylation by CKII The cytoplasmic domain of syntaxin1A (residues 1–265)...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: A pool of Y2 neuropeptide Y receptors activated by modifiers of membrane sulfhydryl or cholesterol balance pot
... Among the Y receptors, the hypothalamic Y2 receptors induced by estrogen show fast density changes by progesterone [30], possibly related to receptor masking In this study, competition by Y2 agonist ... rapidly recycling Y1 receptors, but could be shared by other receptors that show low rates of ligand-induced internalization [12] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was partly supported by NIH grants 13703 ... (Fig 1A) The binding of the Y2 agonist to dispersed rat forebrain cells was also increased by PAO up to fourfold (Fig 1B), without a significant change in affinity (Fig 1B) The activation by PAO...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The ATPase activities of sulfonylurea receptor 2A and sulfonylurea receptor 2B are influenced by the C-terminal 42 amino acids doc
... Kir6.2.SUR2A channels is attributable to greater ATP hydrolysis by SUR2B than by SUR2A [6] In this study, we tested this hypothesis explicitly, by measuring the ATPase activity of full-length SUR2A ... SUR2B), and NBD2-DC ATP hydrolysis by NBDs NBD1 and NBD2A displayed higher ATPase activity than NBD2B (Fig 2A; Table 1), with NBD1 having ATPase activity of SUR2A and SUR2B A MBP–SUR2 NBDs 250 ... of ATP hydrolysis by MgADP and beryllium fluoride MgADP inhibited ATP hydrolysis by NBD1, NBD2A and NBD2B with a Ki of 305–443 lm (Fig 4A; Table 2) Inhibition was unchanged by mixing NBD1 and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Adenine nucleotides inhibit proliferation of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LXF-289 by activation of nuclear factor jB1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways doc
... known to inhibit the growth of various tumors by activating specific P2 receptors Inhibition of cancer growth by adenine nucleotides was first described by Rapaport [7] In vitro extracellular nucleotides ... Inhibition of CaMKII activity by KN-62 (25 lm) completely reduced the inhibition by ATP The inhibition of LXF-289 cell proliferation by 100 lm ATP was totally attenuated by blockers of either ERK-activating ... LXF-289 cell proliferation by ATP is mediated through NF-jB Further evidence for the involvement of NF-jB in the signaling pathway activated by P2Y receptors was obtained by the use of nonsteroidal...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The stop transfer sequence of the human UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1A determines localization to the endoplasmic reticulum by both static retention and retrieval mechanisms docx
... the C-terminal 43 amino acids of human UGT1A stop transfer sequence, TMD ⁄ CT coding sequence was amplified by PCR using UGT1A6 cDNA [13] (a member of UGT1A family) as template and two primers, ... cosubstrate UDP–glucuronic acid [13,14] Members of UGT1A are all encoded by a complex UGT1 gene locus consisting of 16 exons The isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of exon to the four common ... reporter, that the UGT1A stop transfer sequence acts as an ER retention signal We demonstrated that ER residency is determined by both the retrieval mechanism mediated by the KSKTH motif at the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Distinguishing between different pathways of bilayer disruption by the related antimicrobial peptides cecropin B, B1 and B3 pptx
... which are effected by antimicrobial peptides Discussion Cationic antimicrobial defence peptides such as cecropins [1] disrupt cell membranes, and thereby kill their targets, by associating with ... suggest that CB3 functions by a markedly different mechanism from that used by CB and CB1 In summary, on the basis of liposomal lysis as a function of time observed by the change in SPR, the thermotrophic ... °C and then fully rehydrated by addition of mL argon-saturated mM MgCl2 solution for 48 h at 37 °C MgCl2 concentration dependence experiments on GUV lysis induced by peptides were conducted and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Pathways involved in testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 in vitro doc
... model depicting the pathways of H2O2-induced germ cell apoptosis The metazoan apoptosis model as proposed by Hengartner [10] has now been updated to include the findings on the pathways leading to ... treated with cytonin for 10 followed by quenching with H2O2 Biotinylated nucleotides were incorporated into the 3¢-OH ends of the DNA fragments by TdT, and detected by using streptavidin-horseradish ... Dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation (B) Transient rise followed by a steep decline in GST activity at the highest concentration...
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Trends in Cell Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Fate Decision Edited by Sabine Wislet-Gendebien potx
... thereby regulate the availability, and therefore, active signaling by their associated ligands [20] TGF-β signaling is the archetype for signaling by Role of TGF-β Signaling in Neurogenic Regions ... nodal or activin ligands bind to Type II receptors, which then recruit Type I receptors leading to transphosphorylation of type receptors Activated type I receptors phosphor‐ ylate Smad 2/3 (i.e ... This pathway is inhibited by Smad7 BMP signaling operates by a similar para‐ digm BMP6 and BMP7 bind to their Type II receptor before the complex recruits the Type I receptors, Alk-3 or Alk-6...
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Báo cáo Y học: Irregular spiking in free calcium concentration in single, human platelets Regulation by modulation of the inositol trisphosphate receptors ppt
... ND 5± 3± ND 3± ND 24 35 (control) ± 8a ± 13a ± 30a,b ± 16 ± 12c ± 9c,d 3a 2a 2a 1a, c a P < 0.001 compared to the release by InsP3 under control conditions, i.e no pretreatment/no other agonist ... function of InsP3 receptors, even when induced by agents such as U73122 and thimerosal that not cause InsP3 formation The platelet InsP3 receptors are subjected to extensive regulation by at least ... formation, because it is abolished by manoalide or low U73122 It is also inhibited by cAMP elevation with PGE1, in part due to reduced InsP3 formation (probably by phospholipase C inhibition) and...
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Báo cáo Y học: Regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathways by protein phosphatases pot
... mammalian SAPK pathways [17–19,26] In this section, we describe the roles of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and tyrosine phosphatases, HePTP/LC-PTP and PTP-SL/STEP, in SAPK signaling PP2A Addition ... addition the regulatory subunit of PP2A, PP2A-Aa, coprecipitates with JNK [26] JNK activity was unaffected by specific pharmacological inhibition of protein phosphatase by 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate ... [15] REGULATION OF SAPK SIGNAL PATHWAYS BY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES IN MAMMALIAN CELLS In mammalian cells, like yeast cells, both PTP and PP2C regulate the SAPK signal pathways [17–23] Mammalian cells...
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