... to-
kens). The resulting clusterings are then used
in training partially class -based language mod-
els. We show that combining them with word-
based n-gram models in the log-linear model
of a state-of-the-art ... class-
based language model as well as a word -based model
as separate feature functions in the log-linear com-
bination in Eq. (11). The weights are trained using
minimum error rate training (Och, ... increase the
gains resulting from using class -based models by
using more sophisticated techniques for combining
them with word -based models such as linear inter-
polations of word- and class -based models...
... in Howrah,
India, in 1966. He graduated from the Electrical
Engineering Department, Bengal Engineering
College, Calcutta, India, and received the Ph.D.
degree in electrical engineering from Indian ... 10. Machine line voltage and phase current waves in mode 1 (10 Hz). (a) Neural- network- based SVM. (b) Equivalent DSP -based SVM.
Fig. 11. Machine line voltage and phase current waves in mode 2 ... evaluated in detail by simulation
with the neuralnetwork which was trained and tested offline in
the undermodulation range (
10–1603 V and 0–50
Hz) with sampling time
ms ( kHz). The
training data...
... describes
trigger -based language modeling. Section 5 gives
one of its applications: PINYIN-to-Character
Conversion. Finally, a conclusion is given.
1 Concept of Trigger Pair
Based on the above ... distances
2.2 Selecting Trigger Pair
Given a window, we define two events:
1466
Word Association and MI-Trigger -based LanguageModeling
GuoDong ZHOU KimTeng LUA
Department of Information Systems ...
group neighboring Chinese characters in a
sentence into two-character words by making use
of a measure of character association based on
mutual information. Here, we will focus instead
on the...
... many
floating point operations as are needed to classify
a window in our system, in which the main costs
are in preprocessing and applying neural networks
to the window.
Although there is insufficient ... Geoffrey Hinton, Kiyohiro Shikano,
and Kevin J. Lang. Phoneme recognition using
time-delay neural networks. Readings in Speech
Recognition, pages 393–404, 1989.
weights computed by training in the ... differences in
camera input gains, as well as improving contrast in
some cases.
The preprocessed window is then passed through a
neural network. The network has retinal connec-
tions to its inputlayer;...
... network. This
network assumes that its input window contains a face, and is trained to estimate its orientation.
The inputs to the network are the intensity values in a20x20pixel window of the ... outputs used in the autonomous driving
domain
[
Pomerleau, 1992
]
. Examples of the training data are given in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Example inputs and outputs for training the router network.
Previous ... match
this distribution as closely as possible during training. The positive examples used in training are
already in upright positions. During training, we can also run the scenery images from which
negative...
... maximum of 951 training pairs was
used. Due to time constraints, more training pairs were
not employed.
5.2.2 Difficulty of training and testing data
The other factor that influenced the recognition ... common training algorithm. The
networks used were feed-forward neural networks. There
was only one hidden layer for all kinds of networks in
this research. The number of neurons in the input layer ... had
1,056 training pairs. As can be seen from the above table,
the classification rates increased when the number of
training pairs increased. Of course, since the number of
training iterations...
... non-terminals associated with
lexical items. In 3(b), each word in the string is asso-
ciated with the beginning or continuation of a shal-
low phrase or “chunk” in the tree. We include any
non-terminals ... The
use of a linguistically motivated language model in conver-
sational speech recognition. In Proc. ICASSP.
Wen Wang. 2003. Statistical parsing and language model-
ing based on constraint dependency ... training utter-
ance was processed by the baseline ASR system. In
a naive approach, we would simply train the base-
line system (i.e., an acoustic model and language
model) on the entire training...
...
ambiguity in finding the best matching string.
The performance can further be improved if the
acoustic matching information used in the
recognition process is incorporated into the
language decoding ...
operations grows linearly with the number of
arcs in the decoding network. As the overall
number of arcs in the decoding network is a
linear function of the number of ares in the
syntactic network, ...
obtained by expanding all the non-terminals into
the corresponding vocabulary words and each
word in terms of phonetic units. Finally a
matching between the string of phones
describing the...
... leadscrew grinding process
using neural networks, Computers in Industry, 23, 169, 1993.
86. Chen, J. S., Neural network- basedmodeling and error compensation of thermally-induced spindle
errors, International ... applications in intelligent manufacturing.
Neural Network Applications
in Intelligent Manufacturing
System Modeling
and Design
Process Modeling,
Planning and
Scheduling
Process Monitoring
and Control
Quality ... types of
neural networks included ART networks, Hopfield networks, and SOM neural networks. Weaknesses of
neural networks for modeling and design of manufacturing systems result from neural networks...
... continues
with the next epoch.
3 LanguageModeling
Language modeling is important for many text pro-
cessing applications, e.g., speech recognition or ma-
chine translation, as well as for the kind ... confusing. Finally, language model integration
with RSVP is relatively straightforward, as we shall
demonstrate. See Roark et al. (2010) for methods
integrating languagemodeling into grid scanning.
2 ... Fried-Oken.
2010. Scanning methods and languagemodeling for
binary switch typing. In Proceedings of the NAACL
HLT 2010 Workshop on Speech and Language Pro-
cessing for Assistive Technologies, pages...
... be used in the construction.
That is, beginning with only characters in the lexi-
con and using the training data to alter the current
lexicon in each iteration. This is also an interesting
direction.
References
Maximilian ... constraints to combine phonemes into
short chunks while the language model combines
phonemes into longer chunks by more global con-
straints. However, it’s almost impossible to include
all words into ... for chinese language
modeling. In ICASSP, pages 169–172.
763
4.4 Application: Character -based Spoken
Document Indexing and Retrieval
Pan et al. (2007) recently proposed a new Subword-
based Confusion...