... hình v ng tròn * Trò chơi : Xếp hột hạt - Chuẩn bị : Mỗi trẻ số nút (hạt), bìa có viết c hữ G, Y, V, R - Khi nghe hiệu lệnh : "Xếp chữ" xếp nhanh đẹp nha - Cho trẻ xếp hỏi cá nhân trẻ xem trẻ xếp ... gọi tiếp trẻ khác chơi hết cờ cắm ống Đội lấy nhiều cờ chữ thắng Sau cho trẻ đội hình v ng tròn v a v a lấy thẻ chữ * Trò chơi : Bác đưa thư - Chuẩn bị : Mỗi cháu thẻ chữ G, Y, V, R + Phong bì ... nhau, - Trẻ trả lời đến trước đứng trước, đến sau đứng sau - Sau cô cho chơi - lần nâng cao yêu cầu (đổi thẻ chữ tìm tranh có từ chứa chữ tương ứng v i thẻ chữ mình) - Sau cất chữ v a v a đọc...
... thiệu chữ v phát âm - Cho trẻ đọc nhận xét cấu tạo chữ v - Giới thiệu kiểu chữ v (cho trẻ đọc) – vv – vv – vv – vv – vv – v + + + + v Vv V - Cho trẻ đọc đồng dao “Con v i voi” - Trẻ dùng phận ... r, phát âm mẫu, cho trẻ đọc - Cho trẻ nhận xét phân tích nét - Cơ giới thiệu kiểu chữ rr r Rr Rr x v Hoạt động 4: So sánh chữ: v - r Cho trỴ ch¬i: §äc nhanh ch÷ c¸i v -r 5.Hoạt động 5: Trò ... chỉnh (Trẻ díi líp đọc tìm chữ đưa lên) vr .ườn v hay rV T.êng TiĨu häc v hay rr BƯnh iƯn v hay rv T.¹m y tÕ v hay rr 6.Hoạt động 6 : Trò chơi: « Hoa chữ » + Luật chơi : u cầu trẻ tìm hoa...
... trẻ chon xét - Nhận xét sau trẻ chơi xong Hoạt động 2: V ợt chướng ngại v t TC: thi xem viết Cách chơi: trẻ có nhóm Nhiệm v bé chọn tranh có chứa chữ v, r nhóm viết lại tên phong cảnh mà - Trẻ ... lược Trên bảng đồ có chữ số r chữ r i Nhiệm v trẻ chọn chữ có số màu tương ứng v i màu bảng dồ Sau viết chữ tìm v o - Trẻ tham gia trò chơi tờ giấy bên cạnh R i tìm - Trẻ đọc theo yêu cầu tranh ... chữ v, r - Tô chữ v ,r Trẻ em hôm – Thế giới ngày mai Website hỗ trợ giảng dạy chăm sóc trẻ em www.mamnon.com - Chơi lô tô chữ V n học: - Kể chuyện theo tranh - Kể chuyện cách thay hình ảnh LQVT:...
... the research described in this monograph Future avenues for research in order to extend the current work are also suggested CHAPTER REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS: KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND REDUN- Redundant ... end-effector For a redundant manipulator, equations (2. 2.1), (2. 2 .2) and (2. 2.4) represent under-determined systems of equations J e can be viewed as a linear transformation · · mapping from R n into R m ... this, Seraji [63], [66], and Seraji and Colbaugh [65] proposed a general framework for redundancy resolution, referred to as Configuration Control 15 Norm of the joint velocity 2. 3 Redundancy Resolution...
... variable enters the buffer region Figure 2. 8(b) shows the results for p=4 As we can see, in this case all joints stay far from their limits Figure 2. 9 shows the third joint variable for different ... analysis of kinematically redundant manipulators were presented Different redundancy resolution schemes were reviewed Based on this review, configuration control at the acceleration level was found ... 1.5 2. 5 Figure 2. 6 Reachable workspace and desired trajectory for a 3-DOF planar arm 1- Inequality constraint approach: Figure 2. 7a shows the joint variables when the JLA provision was not activated...
... scalars b i and t i are known and fixed values 3 .2. 1.1 Review of Line Geometry and Dual Vectors A brief review of dual numbers, vectors, and their operations, relevant to our problem is provided ... directed from O to an arbitrary point P of L ˆ Moreover, e and m are called the primal and dual parts of e 40 Collision Avoidance for a 7-DOF Redundant Manipulator Figure 3 .2 Cylinder representation, ... cylinder collides with one of the two circular disks of the other cylinder • (3) Base-Base: One of the circular disks of one cylinder collides with a circular disk of another cylinder (A) CYLINDERS...
... maximum errors are reduced significantly However, in the case that W v = 20 I 7 , there is considerable error at the end of the trajectory This shows that W v should be selected as small as possible ... the variable-weight formulation shows better performance because W v has small values far from a singular configuration Hence, variable weights not introduce errors on the main task, and grow ... Simulation results when both main sub-tasks are active; (d)-(f): W v = 20 I 3 The isotropic design of REDIESTRO reduces the risk of approaching a singular configuration over a greater part of the workspace...
... adaptor REDIESTRO + Environment Serial and Parallel ports Figure 3.19 General block diagram for the hardware demonstration 3.4 Experimental Evaluation using a 7-DOF Redundant Manipulator The ... the arm (MRS) MRS serves as a virtual environment; the graphics model of the robot mirrors the exact motion of the arm, and the environment can be modeled in the graphics program This approach ... generates the desired joint trajectory and this trajectory is then transferred as the joint set points to the VME-bus based controller to drive the robot’s PID joint controller An obstacle-avoidance...
... et al [23 ], Walker [91] and Lin et al [39] have used a generalized inertia-weighted inverse of the Jacobian to resolve redundancy in order to reduce impact forces However, these schemes are single ... environment, the target trajectory is defined to be different from the desired trajectory in constrained maneuvers Depending on the desired impedance characteristics and the environment, the robot ... where H x is the Cartesian inertia matrix, and h x is the vector of centrifugal, Coriolis, and gravity terms acting in operational space Then as proposed in [1], an inner and outer loop control...
... above algorithms to redundant manipulators introduces several problems For instance, the algorithm in [27 ] requires definition of a nonlinear invertible transformation from joint space to a generalized ... be incorporated in the algorithm and redundancy is based on the generalized inertia-weighted inverse of the Jacobian The algorithm proposed in [41] overcomes the above drawbacks However, it is ... C1 W Cart Ref Traj · ·· Xr Xr Forward Kinematics · ·· qr qr Redund-ancy Resolu- Control Scheme · ·· -tion Zr Zr e Fx W Arm & force sensor Fe z · Z Z Kinematic calculation Figure 4.14 General block...
... and any error in this respect, directly affects the force error, e.g., the interval between to seconds However, the error in the positioncontrolled direction (Figure 4.19a) remains practically unchanged ... negative semi-definite with an arbitrary value of k D and a large for small values of s · However, positive V t implies increasing V and subsequently s , which · eventually makes V t negative Therefore, ... tracking performance in the force controlled subspaces of the main and additional tasks However, we can show boundedness of the closed-loop trajectories Moreover, the upper-bound on the error...
... thereafter (the desired velocity and acceleration are zero after seconds) 133 5.4 Simulation Study As we can see in Figure 5.10, the robot tracks the trajectory very well However, the controller ... non-zero velocities To verify the performance of the modified redundancy resolution scheme, a simulation was performed In order to verify the performance in the worst case, the final position/orientation ... desired position is reached after seconds For = , the velocity fades away with large oscillations With = 50 the velocity fades away with no overshoot However, there are larger tracking errors...
... demonstration improves the performance by rejecting interaction torques which 6 .2 Preparation and Conduct of the Experiments 161 would otherwise be present due to surface orientation errors (or errors ... for Strawman Tasks The hardware and software environment used for the experimental work also allows for visualization of the motion of the arm on an SGI work- 163 6.3 Numerical Results for Strawman ... reduces very rapidly because the controller tries to regulate the torques to zero Hence, the plate detects the correct orientation of the surface We can also see the performance of the force controller...
... stationary and moving obstacles 28 , 61, 62 stationary spherical objects 71 collision detection 35 cylinder-cylinder 38 cylinder-sphere 49 sphere-sphere 50 compliant control adaptive/robust compliant ... Constrained Robotic manipulators”, Int Journal of Robotics Research, vol 7, no 2, pp 50-56, 19 92 [28 ] T Hasegawa and H Terasaki, “Collision avoidance: Divide-andconquer approach by space characterization ... “Experiments in contact control”, Journal of Robotic Systems, vol 13, no 2, pp 53 - 73, 1996 [68] H Seraji, R Steele, and R Ivlev, “Sensor-based collision avoidance: Theory and experiments”, Journal...