... tobacco cells, could be caused by changes in themembrane lipids Plasma membranes were therefore isolated from control cells and CM-treated cells (Additional file 2) The total amount ofmembrane ... inactivation and bythe presence ofthe cellulase inhibitor cellobiose Further, the effect of inhibitors excludes the possibility of alamethicin resistance being elicited by any ofthe small known ... in the microsomal fractions, from which theplasma membranes were isolated (results not shown) The most common membrane lipid fatty acid in theplasmamembraneof both control and CM-treated cells...
... released into the synaptic cleft by fusion of DA storage vesicles with theplasmamembrane DA is then transported back into the pre-synaptic neuron via theplasmamembrane DA transporter (DAT) The cytosolic ... stimulates themembrane expression of DAT A potential effect of p25a on DAT function was addressed by expressing DAT alone and in the presence of p25a in HEK-293-MSR cells To validate the specificity of ... cytosolic concentration of DA The low level of DA is thought to be maintained by a regulated balance between the functional levels ofplasmamembrane DAT and vesicular VMAT-2 The protein a-synuclein...
... but further enhances the activity ofthe enzyme whose C-terminus has been displaced by low pH or by FC-induced binding of 14-3-3s Results The C-terminus of isoform ofthe PM H+-ATPase of A thaliana ... to study the mechanism of action of PPI1 The analysis ofthe pH dependence of PPI1induced activation ofthe H+-ATPase showed that stimulation decreases dramatically with the increase of pH above ... PPI1588His6 The analysis ofthe effect of PPI1588His6 on the dependence of PM H+-ATPase activity on the concentration of MgATP (Fig 3) showed that stimulation decreased with the increase of PPI1588His6...
... mammalian cells [9], the SCC reaction is the rate-determining step in progesterone synthesis in yeast The yeast SCC system offers the possibility of increasing or decreasing the availability ofthe ... including the effect ofthe steroid products on the yeast sterol synthesis pathway, acetylation ofthe product, availability ofthe substrate, electron flow and localization ofthe different protein ... mimics mammalian adrenal cells in these respects The quantity of steroid produced is controlled bythe availability and mobility ofthe substrate together with the concentration of Adxp Unexpectedly,...
... in theplasmamembranebyelectronmicroscopy [5] We not know the function of this class of closed caveolae, but obvious possibilities are vesicular transport between the Golgi and plasma membrane, ... diameter [5] By labelling intact cells with ruthenium red, which is electron dense and does not permeate theplasma membrane, and examination byelectronmicroscopy we have demonstrated that these caveolae ... oleoyl-[3H]cholesterol by TLC In Table we have summarized the composition ofthe three subclasses of caveolae The three classes of caveolae were isolated from purified plasma membranes None ofthe three caveolae...
... K+-ATPase in theplasmamembraneof mammalian cells To confirm the interaction of acetylated tubulin with H+-ATPase and the presence ofthe H+-ATPase–acetylated tubulin complex in membranes of glucose-starved ... [5] These cells are referred to as ‘glucosestarved cells Yeast plasmamembrane preparation Plasma membranes were isolated by a modification ofthe method of Villalba et al [16] Briefly, yeast cells ... during the in vitro procedure, the amount of HAT in membranes from glucose-treated cells would be the same as that from glucose-untreated cellsThe possibility that the presence of glucose during the...
... surface ofthe cells, flip-flop across theplasma membrane, accumulation of dye in the cytoplasmic leaflet oftheplasmamembrane and release into the cell interior The initial binding of dye to the cells, ... as a result of dye moving within the outer leaflet oftheplasmamembraneThe lipid core oftheplasmamembrane constitutes the main barrier to TMRM transport across themembrane and the mitochondria ... leaflet ofthemembrane to the aqueous medium rather than to the extracellular leaflet [12,13] The question remains as to whether the release of drugs from the cytoplasmic leaflet oftheplasma membrane...
... drug-resistant cells In the absence ofthe uncoupler, the dye TMRM accumulated in the mitochondria of K562 cellsThe amount of TMRM taken up bythecells was high, and the time course ofthe efflux ... the headgroups ofthe phospholipids at the outer surface oftheplasmamembrane [20–22] Themembrane characteristics relevant to the effect ofthe anesthetics on MDR are probably located at the ... the anesthetics benzyl alcohol, propofol, chloroform and diethyl ether reversed the resistance by acceleration ofthe passive transport ofthe drug or dye across theplasmamembrane At these concentrations,...
... association with the generative cell until the end of stage IV When callose disappeared after the end of stage IV, neither the generative cell nor the two sperm cells during further pollen maturation ... bold and of less appearance in subscribed letters plasmamembraneby N-terminal acylation, likely myristoylation To study the structural basis of ZmPti1a being targeted to theplasmamembrane ... stages of pollen development were studied to further investigate the co-localization of callose and ZmPti1a:GFP The first indication of cell plate deposition in the equatorial region ofthe phragmoplast...
... signaling in PC12 cells 163 4.2.10.1 The role of GSK3 in the PACAP-induced neurite outgrowth and the influence ofplasmamembrane glycosphingolipid 169 4.2.10.2 The effect of perturbation of lipid rafts/caveolae ... hypothalamus, the dentate gyrus ofthe hippocampus and granule cellsofthe cerebellum) (Spengler et al 1993) The presence of PAC1R has also been reported in various components oftheimmune system ... receptor isoforms are generated by alternate splicing ofthe PAC1R mRNA The splice variants are determined bythe absence (short variant) or presence of either one or two cassettes consisting of 28...
... concert to maintain the integrity oftheimmune system Cellsoftheimmune system originate from their hemapoietic progenitors in the bone marrow Some cells leave the bone marrow after they were created, ... Myeloid Cells form a Major Arm of Innate Immunity The cellular component in innate immunity formed by myeloid cells is a major arm ofthe innate immune system The generation ofimmunecells through ... migrate to other sites such as the thymus and mature into effector cells Many oftheimmunecells mature in the bone marrow before migration to their respective sites in the body where they guard...
... 1.6 Design ofthe Study The paper is designed in four chapters Chapter one: The introduction presents the rationale ofthe study, the aims ofthe study, scope ofthe study, methods ofthe study, ... most ofthe themes in the text belong to topical theme Of 33 clauses and clause complexes 27 have unmarked theme and have marked theme Using a proper noun at the beginning ofthe text, then the ... called Theme and Rheme The Theme served as the point of departure ofthe message (Halliday 1994:37), which in English coincides with the initial element(s) ofthe clause; and the Rheme is the remainder...
... describing the state of being ofthe things under the observation ofthe astronauts in the new planet Most ofthe processes are in the simple past tense (25/36) They are used in the narrative portion The ... Subject The spaceship The planet They There The spaceship The two astronauts The woman It She We It Both of them They All plants and Animals They They Everything The man Nothing Something He I The ... What Table The Theme-Rheme Pattern ofthe Text Clause Textual Interpersonal Theme Topical Theme Theme Markedness of Theme I The spaceship unmarked II the planet unmarked III They unmarked There unmarked...
... superimposed on the X-ray structure (dark blue colour) and (B) structure alignment ofthe fragment 4–7 ofthe 13 ensemble structures of AII to the fragment 3–6 ofthe X-ray structureof AII Residue ... sequence and structure alignment Residue number range in the X-ray structureof AII Fig (A) Sequence alignment ofthe fragment 4–7 ofthe backbone ofthe 13 ensemble solution structures of AII (brown ... alignment ofthe two structures by using the program Profit1.8 Remarkably, the superposition ofthe solution state and the bound structureof AII exhibits small RMSD positional differences between the...
... particular, if fij > then we interpret that the node j activates the node i by increasing the net rate of xi and if fij < then the node j inhibits the node i We note that the dynamics ofthe system in ... combination of signs in those Àintervals Á _ ab as in Fig 1B by computing the signs of Dx1 t1 and À ab Á Dxj t1 ð j ¼ 1; 2Þ Finally, we can identify the sign of f12 by integrating all these results On the ... interaction’) for the unknown sign of fij We can then obtain the feasible network signs (FNS) at xi by excluding the INS from the all network signs (ANS) as a complementary set ofthe INS in ANS...
... effects of EBI compounds on theplasmamembrane H+-ATPase of U maydis Furthermore, the utilization of two different targets in the same biosynthetic route permitted us not only the confirmation ofthe ... In our system, the modification ofthe fatty acid moieties was provoked bythe presence of abnormal sterols plus, in the case of EBI-treated sporidia, other collateral effects of these compounds ... changes in theplasmamembrane 18 : 2/18 : ratio followed the inhibition of growth rate, which was influenced not only bythe biosynthetic point affected but also bythe method used [21] These changes...
... °C Then cells were harvested and the presence of R24 antibody analyzed by western blot The expression of Sial-T2–hemagglutinin (GD3 synthetase) in the same membrane was analyzed as a control of ... back to theplasmamembrane in the absence ofthe crosslinker Alternatively, clathrin independent recycling pathways may also be involved in the recycling of molecules to theplasma membrane, ... in theplasmamembrane probably by a shift in the equilibrium in the absence of a significant concentration of free antibody in the medium However, this appears improbable, as we showed that the...
... towards enzymatic proteolysis is the arrangement ofthe scissile peptide bond ofthe substrate in the catalytic pocket ofthe protease The ability of serine proteases from the chymotrypsin family to ... bythe bulkiness ofthe p-nitroanilide group at the C-terminal ofthe scissile bond in these substrates, which can inuence cleavage efciency As for matriptase-2, of 18 IQF peptides based on the ... whereas the other three TTSPs contained the complete extracellular domain Although it is unlikely that the lack ofthe stem region of matriptase will impact on the overall enzymatic activity, these...
... rather on the regions initiating or impairing insertion of a segment in themembrane Therefore, in the case of M8 where the length ofthe M8 recombinant peptide is probably shorter than that of ... rather low for much of their C-terminal portion Transmembrane topology predictions The transmembrane topology of PMA1_NEUCR was predicted from the amino acid sequence by averaging the results of ... hypothesis, we therefore applied the same approach to the high-resolution structureof bacteriorhodopsin and the closely related structureof halorhodopsin, which are the two highest resolution structures...
... through the OprM channel These results suggest that the protease treatment rendered the channel open probably by affecting the gate structureof OprM One may argue that the activation ofthe OprM ... Inset: effect ofthe amount of OprM on the diffusion rates of glycine The proteoliposomes were prepared from the appropriate amount of OprM and the diffusion rates of glycine through these liposomes ... 6, the protease treatment caused no digestion ofthe OprM protein Next, we suspended thecells in the presence of EDTA to permeabilize the outer membrane, and then added a-chymotrypsin to the...