probability based sampling for human exposure assessment studies
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS -CHAPTER 7 pdf
... developed and described as part of studies of human exposure, such exposure studies are also described and referenced in this Appendix when appropriate 7.3 HUMAN EXPOSURE 7.3.1 AIR Between 1979 ... and Nazaroff, W.W (1998) Exposure to Toxic Air Contaminants in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: An Assessment for California Based on Personal Monitoring Data, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental ... L.A (1997) Human Exposure and Body Burden for Chloroform and Other Trihalomethanes, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 27: 113–194 Wallace, L.A (2001) Human Exposure to...
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Tài liệu Glossary of Volatile Organic Compounds ppt
... difficulties, stomach discomfort, and changes in the liver and kidneys Studies of humans and animals have shown that xylene causes cancer, but these studies did not provide enough information to conclude ... Route of exposure People are exposed to benzene mainly through breathing air that contains it, for example while showering or bathing The level of exposure to benzene through food (for example, ... ethylbenzene will depress the central nervous system in humans and in animals A high concentration exposure to ethylbenzene in humans can cause liver problems Studies in laboratory animals showed problems...
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Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation’s Ground Water and Drinking-Water Supply Wells pdf
... samples PCE–TCA Chloroform–PCE Chloroform–MTBE PCE–TCE Dibromochloromethane– chloroform Chloroform–TCA TCA–TCE PCE–MTBE Bromoform– dibromochloromethane Bromoform–chloroform Public well samples ... selected and spatially distributed sampling points for a large area All samples for NAWQA studies were collected and analyzed by USGS personnel using approved USGS methods For nearly all of the ground-water ... 1,208 wells were available for computations for domestic well samples; however, insufficient data were available for computations for p ublic well samples at an assessment level of 0.02 µg/L...
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DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AEROSOL COATING PRODUCTS doc
... product formulation data The manufacturer or responsible party shall supply the requested information Information submitted to the ARB Executive Officer may be claimed as confidential; such information ... the formulation data 3.7.1 If the accuracy of the supplied formulation data is verified and the product sample is determined to meet the applicable VOC standards, then no enforcement action for ... (as modified in Appendix A for metal aerosol container) or ASTM D 3063-94 (as modified in Appendix A for glass aerosol container) The propellant portion is analyzed for exempt or prohibited compounds...
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Source Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Houston, Texas pdf
... problems for this case will be described in detail Because eq 3b will generate a poorer fit to the data than eq 3a, the error estimate for eq 3b, σ′ , must be (much) larger ij than that for eq ... spectrometer More details about the sampling procedure can be found in ref 20 1340 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL 38, NO 5, 2004 The sampling period for the data in this study was from ... from 08/20/00 to 09/08/00, and the most sampling frequencies were about 1/4-6 min-1, but the frequencies for some periods were min-1 All the samples were used for analysis to ensure a sufficiency...
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Total Volatile Organic Compounds (WOC) in Indoor Air Quality Investigations doc
... resulted: 100 pg/m3 for alkanes, 50 pg/m3 for aromatics, 30 pg/m3 for terpenes, 30 yg/m3 for halocarbons, 20 pg/m3 for esters, 20 pg/m3 for carbonyls (excluding formaldehyde) and 50 pg/m3 for "other" ... causality Probability modelsfor exposure and effect Predictions are forecasts of the future For predicting the outcome of complex physical systems with many variables, such as using TVOC for prediction ... recommended for the determination of TVOC values: Use Tenax TA for sampling (see section 2.3.1) Other sorbents may also be used if the same (or better) retention and elution performance as for Tenax...
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Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area potx
... ethene which reacts relatively quickly to form formaldehyde (e.g., Wert et al., 2003) and is therefore an important contributor to secondary formaldehyde formation Indeed, fast 1-s HCHO observations ... breakdown for the relative contributions from NMHCs and OVOCs for T0 and T1, respectively Shown in the second pie chart is the breakdown in terms of each compound class for T0 and 4.4 s−1 for T1 ... was obtained but, for most VOC species, at lower time resolution than is available for continuous measurements for species such as O3 , NOx , CO, etc The TOGA measurements for OVOCs were used...
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Báo cáo y học: " Exhaled volatile organic compounds in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: cross sectional and nested short-term follow-up study" pptx
... Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests for individual VOCs fell between 7.5 × 10-13 (for Ethylbenzene) to 1.6 × 10-3 (isoprene) For these highly significant differences, adjustments for multiple testing calculated ... used for the statistical analyses Results In the case of the follow-up study, Student's t test for repeated measures was applied to the benzene and toluene levels; Wilcoxon's test was used for ... effects were observed when desorption was performed at 280°C for Twenty environmental samples were taken from the rooms in which the subjects performed the test in order to compare breath and...
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Perinatal exposure to persistant organic pollutants implications for human health
... system (Brown et al., 1994; Hakk and Letcher, 2003) 2.3 2.3.1 Human Exposure to POPs Exposure pathways The exposure pathways to POPs for humans include food and water intake, dermal absorption, and ... contaminated house dust Finally, an overall health risk assessment was performed based on the available data considering all potential human exposure pathways (Chapter 8) Chapter 1: Introduction ... BEHAVIOR OF POPS 12 2.3 HUMAN EXPOSURE TO POPS 14 2.3.1 Exposure pathways 14 2.3.2 Prevalence of POPs in humans 15 2.3.3 Perinatal exposure to POPs 17...
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Optical Fiber Sensors to Detect Volatile Organic Compound in Sick Build- ing Syndrome Applications potx
... usually react with a family for VOCs, for example, alcohols, formaldehydes or ammonia complexes So, it is difficult that a sensor could react to a certain alcohol, for example ethanol, and not ... sensors for hydrocarbon detection”, Sensors and Actuators B, vol 105, pp 430-436, 2005 M Giordano, M Russo, A Cusano, and G Mensitieri, “An high sensitivity optical sensor for chloroform vapours ... dioxide sensor for environmental monitoring”, Mikrochimica Acta, vol 129, pp 181-188, 1998 P C P A S Jorge, C C Rosa, A G Oliva, and J L Santos, “Optical fiber probes for fluorescence based oxygen...
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báo cáo hóa học: " A case study on co-exposure to a mixture of organic solvents in a Tunisian adhesive-producing company" potx
... modification in the manufacturing process and therefore of occupational tasks since 2000 We assume therefore that solvents exposure has been quite steady for a long time The work schedule is hours/ ... prevention measures and regulations in Table Exposure indices according to the workshop Type of workshop Personal exposures Environmental samplings Index of exposure Index of pollution Solvented adhesive ... imprecision of exposure biomarkers: Implication for calculating exposure limites Am J Ind Med 2007, 50:712-719 23 Lin YS, Kupper LL, Rappaport SM: Air samples versus biomarkers for epidemiology...
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Estimation of emissions of nonmethane organic compounds from a closed landfill site using a landfill gas emission model
... International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity to humans, IARC monographs vol 1-88 Standards of performance for new stationary sources and guidelines for control ... chosen for this study In order to determine the potential exposure and health effects due to NMOC, the air emission of NMOC and the concentrations of NMOC need to be ascertained Based on field studies ... to a dangerous level over time [15] For example, VOCs such as benzene and formaldehyde have been recognised by International Agency for Research on Cancer as human carcinogens even in low concentrations...
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Tài liệu Male Reproductive Health Disorders and the Potential Role of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals pdf
... 26 • Quality assessment of the various studies and of the data obtained 26 • Evaluation of published studies 27 o EC exposure and hormone levels 30 • Human exposure to phthalates ... level for humans, although often there is a paucity of accurate human exposure data (see below for phthalates) This is too large and complex an area to be reviewed here, but it is a key issue If humans ... hypospadias, this class of compounds is of interest for human studies There is now extensive data showing widespread human exposure to a range of phthalates, based on the measurement of common primary...
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Tài liệu ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS doc
... undissociated and ionized forms of an adsorbate can be adsorbed on GAC, with the undissociated form being more strongly adsorbed The ionic form has a much higher affinity for polar water molecules ... overall GAC performance Solarik et al (1996) systematically evaluated the impact of ozonation and biotreatment on subsequent GAC performance for five waters, as illustrated in Figure 13.20 for Ohio ... lowest-cost adsorption system for TOC removal, EBCTs in the range of 10 to 20 should be closely examined The performance for GAC removal of DBP precursors usually parallels that for the removal of TOC...
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Tài liệu Human-induced changes in US biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: evidence from long-term forest inventory data ppt
... twophase sampling procedure known as double sampling 1739 for stratification In the first phase, a random sample of points was located on aerial photographs and was classified by land cover and forest ... radius plot sampling, which in effect uses a larger circular plot for larger trees, and is an efficient method for estimating plot basal area and wood volume (Hansen et al., 1992) For each tree ... RðkÞand R2 ðkÞcontained plots that were non-forested at one or both survey times: plots not forested at time t were given an emission rate of zero for time t For ðk;tÞ this reason, the grid-cell averages...
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Tài liệu NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS docx
... The name is derived by changing the suffix of the corresponding alkane name to –ene for an alkene and –yne for an alkyne and a number is added to denote the location of the multiple bond Example: ... Functional Group Compounds Derivatives are formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogens in a hydrocarbon by a FUNCTIONAL GROUP The functional group is responsible for giving what is ordinarily an inactive ... an –oic acid ending Examples: O HCOH methanoic acid (formic acid) O CH3COH ethanoic acid (acetic acid) d) Esters An ester is formed from the combination of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol...
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Tài liệu METHOD 21 - DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND LEAKS doc
... probe extension for sampling not to exceed 6.4 mm (1/4 in) in outside diameter, with a single end opening for admission of sample 6.6 The instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in ... mixtures are required for instrument calibration and performance evaluation: 7.1.1 Zero Gas Air, less than 10 parts per million by volume (ppmv) VOC 7.1.2 Calibration Gas For each organic species ... response factor of less than 10 for each of the individual VOC to be measured 8.1.1.3 Alternatively, if response factors have been published for the compounds of interest for the instrument or detector...
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Tài liệu Exposure to Artificial UV Radiation and Skin Cancer ppt
... latitude of the region; Exposure information: definition of type of exposure, age at first exposure, duration of exposure, year of exposure, place of exposure; Case–control information: inclusion ... were: for "distant exposure" , 1.22 (CI, 0.79–1.88) and for "recent exposure" , 0.82 (CI, 0.56–1.19) Thus the pooled relative risk for "distant exposure" remained greater than that for "recent exposure" ... obtained for "ever" versus "never" (H = 1.37) The number of studies presenting an assessment of time since exposure was low (n = 5); however all studies presented greater estimates for exposures...
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