principles of cancer treatment by chemotherapy
Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 1) docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... attention to minimizing the toxicity of
potentially toxic treatments becomes a significant goal. Irrespective of the clinical
scenario, the guiding principle of cancer treatment should be primum succerrere, ... from the intervention and only
a fraction of the patients will experience benefit. One of the challenges of cancer
treatment is to use the various treatment modalities alone and together in ...
replace cells killed by chemotherapy. However, cancers do not recognize a limit
on their expansion. Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance may be an
example of a clonal neoplasm with...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 2) ppsx
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07/07/2014, 01:20
...
Principles of Cancer Surgery
Surgery is used in cancer prevention, diagnosis, staging, treatment (for both
localized and metastatic disease), palliation, and rehabilitation.
Prophylaxis
Cancer ...
in those with pancolonic involvement with ulcerative colitis), the presence of
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 2)
Figure 81-1
... incisional biopsy is the procedure of
second choice. A wedge of tissue is removed, and an effort is made to include the
majority of the cross-sectional diameter of the tumor in the biopsy to minimize...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 3) pps
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07/07/2014, 01:20
... information for treatment planning and may determine the extent and nature of
primary cancer treatment.
Treatment
Surgery is the most effective means of treating cancer. Today about 40% of
cancer ... defined by injecting a dye into the tumor site at operation and
if needed—may allow resection of certain tumors that would otherwise not be
possible.
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment ... even when the disease is not curable by surgery alone, the
removal of tumor can obtain important benefits, including local control of tumor,
preservation of organ function, debulking that permits...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 4) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 4)
Palliation
Surgery is employed in a number of ways for supportive care: insertion of
central venous catheters, control of pleural and ... for recurrent pulmonary emboli, stabilization of cancer-
weakened weight-bearing bones, and control of hemorrhage, among others.
Surgical bypass of gastrointestinal, urinary tract, or biliary ... DNA breaks produced
by single hits. The exponential component represents breaks produced by multiple
hits (Fig. 81-2). Plotting the fraction of surviving cells against doses of x-rays or
gamma...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 5) ppt
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07/07/2014, 01:20
... dose in the target volume is often the cause of
complications to tissues in the transit volume, and the minimum dose in the target
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 5)
Although ... basis of the amount of radiation absorbed in
the patient; it is not based on the amount of radiation generated by the machine.
The rad (radiation absorbed dose) is defined as 100 erg of energy ... include the D
0
of
the tumor (the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal hit to all the cells
in a population), the D
q
of the tumor (the threshold dose—a measure of the cell's...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 6) ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, head and neck cancer,
prostate cancer, and gynecologic cancers. Radiation therapy can also palliate
disease symptoms in a variety of settings: relief of bone ... Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 6)
Application to Patients
Teletherapy
Radiation therapy can be used alone or together with chemotherapy to
produce cure of localized tumors and control of ... developing breast cancer by age 55
years. This is comparable in magnitude to genetic breast cancer syndromes.
Women treated after age 30 have little or no increased risk of breast cancer. No
data...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 7) docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... sensible
choices.
Cancer Drugs: Overview and Principles for Use
Cancer drug treatments are of four broad types. Conventional
chemotherapy agents were historically derived by the empirical observation ... connotes disappearance of all
tumor; progression of disease signifies an increase in size of existing lesions by
>25% from baseline or best response or development of new lesions; and "stable" ...
evidence for the activity of the agent in assessing its value to the patient.
If cure is not possible, chemotherapy may be undertaken with the goal of
palliating some aspect of the tumor's effect...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 8) ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
...
Neuroblastoma
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 8)
Principles of Chemotherapy
Medical oncology is the subspecialty of internal medicine that cares for and
designs treatment approaches ... as local treatments. Chemotherapy may be
employed after the failure of these modalities to eradicate a local tumor or as part
of multimodality approaches to offer primary treatment to a clinically ... in advanced stages to chemotherapy
Pancreatic carcinoma
Biliary-tract neoplasms
Small-cell lung carcinoma
Ovarian carcinoma
B. Advanced cancers possibly cured by chemotherapy and radiation...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 9) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
...
Valuable cancer drug treatment strategies using conventional chemotherapy
agents, targeted agents, hormonal treatments, or biologicals have one of two
valuable outcomes. They can induce cancer ... Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 9)
Following demonstration of activity in animal models, conventional
chemotherapeutic agents are further evaluated to define an optimal schedule of
administration ... improve their use.
A general view of how cancer treatments work is that the interaction of a
chemotherapeutic drug with its target induces a "cascade" of further signaling
steps. These...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 10) pdf
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... proliferation of certain
breast cancers. The tumor has been described as "addicted" to the function of these
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 10)
Integration of cell ... activate aspects of this process by damage ultimately
conveyed to the mitochondria, perhaps by activating the transcription of genes
adverse prognosis if they express high levels of p170PGP, and ... novel mechanisms of action,
combinations of drugs and targeted agents may maximize the chances of affecting
critical pathways in the tumor.
Chemotherapeutic Agents Used for Cancer Treatment
Table...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 11) potx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; WBCs, white
blood cells.
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 11)
Table 81-2 Commonly Used Cancer Chemotherapy Agents ...
continuous;
1250 mg/m
2
bid 2 weeks
on/ 1 off; 829
mg/m
2
bid 2
weeks on/ 1
off + 60 mg/d
leucovorin
Diarrhea
Hand-foot
syndrome
Prodrug of
5FU due to
intratumoral
metabolism
Cytosine ...
Vesicant
Hemolytic-
uremic syndrome
Lung
CV—heart
failure
Treat
superficial bladder
cancers by
intravesical infusion
Delayed
marrow toxicity
Cumulative
marrow toxicity
Etoposide...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 12) ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 12)
Direct DNA-Interactive Agents
DNA replication occurs during the synthesis or S-phase of the cell cycle,
with chromosome segregation of the ...
dacarbazine but was designed to be activated by nonenzymatic hydrolysis in
tumors and is bioavailable orally.
use in treatment of CML has been curtailed in favor of imatinib (Gleevec)or
dasatinib, ... cause profound myelosuppression,
alopecia, and pulmonary toxicity but is relatively "lymphocyte sparing." Its routine
case. Thiotepa can be used for intrathecal treatment of neoplastic...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 13) docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... incidence of anaphylaxis with early
preparations of the drug has led to the practice of administering a test dose of 0.5–
1 unit before the rest of the dose. The most feared complication of bleomycin ... metabolized by the liver, so
doses must be reduced by 50–75% in the presence of liver dysfunction.
Daunorubicin is closely related to doxorubicin and was actually introduced first
into leukemia treatment, ... p53 and Rb pathway lesions as the result
of defective checkpoint mechanisms in cancer cells. Owing to the role of
topoisomerase I in the procession of the replication fork, topoisomerase I poisons...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 14) pps
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
...
transported into cells by the folate carrier, and high concentrations of drug can
bypass this carrier and allow diffusion of drug directly into cells. These properties
treatment of superficial transitional ... arisen shortly after exposure of patients to mitoxantrone, particularly
in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. While chemotherapy- associated
leukemia is generally of the acute myeloid type, ... action of a DNA
damage checkpoint. Prominent clinical effects include myelosuppression, nausea,
Chapter 081. Principles of
Cancer Treatment
(Part 14)
Mitomycin C undergoes reduction of its...
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Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 15) ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 01:20
... refractory cancers.
Intravenous administration of 5FU leads to bone marrow suppression after short
infusions but to stomatitis after prolonged infusions. Leucovorin augments the
activity of 5FU by ... motile and secretory processes occur. Microtubules are composed of
repeating noncovalent multimers of a heterodimer of α and subunits of the protein
tubulin. Vincristine binds to the tubulin dimer ... vesicant, and infiltration can be treated by local heat and infiltration of
hyaluronidase. At clinically used intravenous doses, neurotoxicity in the form of
glove-and-stocking neuropathy is frequent....
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