... followed by PCR with Taq DNA polymerase(Promega, Madison, WT, USA) using the primers5¢-CACACTACACTGGGAAGCAGAG ACTCCAGC-3¢and 5¢-AGCTGGCCCAGCAGCCATACACAGTTAAAG-3¢. The cDNA was subcloned into ... [43–49].AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Drs Masato Yasui, Sadakazu Aisoand Masaaki Matsuoka for support; Dr AndrewP. McMahon for providing the full-length mou-se Shh cDNA; Dr Neil Cashman for providing ... COS7 cells affecting the 5E1 epitope.Gup1 acts asa negative regulator for N-terminalpalmitoylation of ShhMammalian Gup1 has been described in the gene data-base cited above asa homolog of...
... physiological ratherthan an artifact of lysis. These results also support,using a visual rather than molecular biochemicalapproach, the proposal that PMA triggers increasedinteraction between PLD1 and ... plasma membrane, which is alsorequired for NADPH activation [9,10]. Once NADPHoxidase is activated, it generates H2O2, which can func-tion to kill intracellular bacteria and play pro-apopto-tic ... lysate was spun downat 50 000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was mixed withpre-equilibrated anti-HA affinity matrix and rocked at 4 °C for 2 h. The lysate ⁄ matrix was pelleted and washed threetimes...
... growth NITZS54 Nitzschia Bacillariophyceae 8 1003 ASU3004 Amphora Bacillariophyceae 9 593 FRAGI2 Fragilaria Bacillariophyceae 6 304 AMPHO27 Amphora Bacillariophyceae 38 235 ... others. Thus, fewer site-specific studies are required for microalgae than, for example, tree farming. Also, microalgae grow much faster than higher plants and require much less land areas. ... step. After stirring the sample using magnetic stirrer bar for 5 h and ultrasonicated for 30 min, the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The solid phase was separated carefully...
... NITZS54 Nitzschia Bacillariophyceae 8 1003 ASU3004 Amphora Bacillariophyceae 9 593 FRAGI2 Fragilaria Bacillariophyceae 6 304 AMPHO27 Amphora Bacillariophyceae 38 235 MAKARA, TEKNOLOGI, ... increase from about 5 to 6.4 and constant around this value which was the same pH range as that using lower CO2 flow rate. As the growth recovered at the same time during the gradual increase ... utilizing an algal biomass before degradation. There are several ways to make biodiesel, and the most common way is transesterification as the biodiesel from transesterification can be used...
... because of animbalance in the activity of tau kinases and phospha-tases [3]. One particular tau kinase pertinent to metaldyshomeostasis in AD is glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK3). GSK3 has recently ... ablated [41].Amyloid-bAfter the 4.5 kDa Ab peptide was identified as a major component of the amyloid plaques in AD brain[42,43], global AD research focused on this peptide as a causative agent ... Furthermore, an increase in extracellular metalscan catalyse Ab oligomerization and aggregation, andthe amyloid plaques that subsequently form may thenexacerbate intracellular metal deficiency by...
... measured by the Bradford method [51] using a Bio-Rad protein assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA)with bovine c-globulin asa standard. Thyroglobulin(669 kDa), catalase (232 kDa), BSA (67 kDa) and ... weight))1at stage 1, which was lessthan half of that in ovary at stage 1, and remained at a similar value to stage 4. Testes at stage 2 were notanalyzed because of a lack of samples. We calculatedthe ... seaurchin)implications of its role asa zinc transporter for gametogenesisTatsuya Unuma1, Kazuo Ikeda2, Keisuke Yamano3, Akihiko Moriyama4and Hiromi Ohta51 Japan Sea National Fisheries...
... theperformance of rosetta using multiple sequence align-ment information and global measures of hydrophobiccore formation. Proteins 43, 1–11.11 Murata T, Fushinobu S, Nakajima M, Asami O, SassaT, ... NMRsystem: a new software suite for macromolecularstructure determination. Acta Crystallogr, Sect D 54,905–921.30 Laskowski RA, Rullmann JAC, MacArthur MW,Kaptein R & Thornton JM (1996) AQUA and ... Freeinduction decay values with on- and off-resonance proteinsaturation were recorded in alternative fashion. Subtractionof the 1D STD spectra was achieved via phase cycling. Pro-tein resonance was suppressed...
... the later examples. Variables constitute an additional device available in DATR but are assumed to have the status of abbreviations. Despite their syntactic similarities, DATR and PATR differ ... THE DATR LEXICON It has been shown above that DATR theories can serve asa lexicon fora PAT R system where the lexemes are represented as DATR nodes and the returned values of queries are ... evaluation. As a declarative language, DATR is independent of the procedural evaluation strate- gies embodied in particular DATR-implementa- tions. Nevertheless, DATR theories like (4) may...
... carnitinepalmitoyltransferase I, mitochondrial carnitine acylcar-nitine translocase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II[5–7]. In case of the straight-chain and 2-methyl-branchedchain FAs, ... oxidationBeta-oxidation is the preferred way of oxidizing FAs.In principle, each FA can be b-oxidized, includingstraight- and branched-chain FAs, as well as mono-and polyunsaturated FAs. There ... arachidonic acid x-hydroxylase in humanliver and kidney with a higher substrate specificity for arachidonic acid than the already established arachi-donic acid x-hydroxylase CYP 4A1 1 [44,45]. Theformation...
... 1105–1111.10 Tamada Y, Nakao K, Nagayama Y, Nakata K,Ichikawa T, Kawamata Y, Ishikawa H, Hamasaki K,Eguchi K & Ishii N (2002) p48 Overexpressionenhances interferon-mediated expression and activityof ... maximal pathwayactivation and an increase in signal amplitude [3,4].Furthermore, alterations in the activity of a kinase orphosphatase may affect the speed of signalling pathwayactivation. However, ... theoretical analysis and experimental datageneration reveals IRF9 asa crucial factor for acceleratinginterferon a- induced early antiviral signallingTim Maiwald1,*, Annette Schneider2,*, Hauke...
... incomplete ms an account of the structure of a natural language, e.g. a TAG grammar wW contain ~th an active and a passive form of the same verbal sutx:ategurization pattern, without an theory-mediated ... orientation makes systemic grammars more immediately useful than, for example, tramffotmationai generatb,+ grammars or even procedurally oriented AI fogmali-qa~s |of language such as ATN's. ... Grammars, or "TAG's', (Josh/, Levy & Takahash/ 1975; Josh/ 1983; Kroch & Josh/ 1965) we~ developed as an al~ma~ive to the aandard tyntac~ formalisms that are ,,_~'~...
... putative signal peptide was constructed as follows. TheDNA fragment was amplified from GmPDIM cDNA byPCR using the primers 5¢-GACGACGACAAGATGCACGCACTCTATGGAGC-3¢ and 5¢-GAGGAGAAGCCCGGTTCATAGCTCATCCTTGCTTGAAG-3¢. ... soybean cotyledons during matu-ration. (A) GmPDIM mRNA was quantified by real time RT-PCR.Each value was standardized by dividing the value by that for actinmRNA. Values are calculated asa percentage ... Mini kit. Quantifica-tion of mRNA was performed by real-time RT-PCR with a Thermal Cycler DiceÔ Real Time System (TaKaRa BioInc.). The forward primer 5¢-CGGAACCAAAACATGCTAACATTTTC[FAM]G-3¢ (Invitrogen,...
... IL2RA gene are associated with age at diagnosis in late-onsetFinnish type 1 diabetes subjects. Immunogenetics 2010, 62:101-107.36. Kawasaki E, Awata T, Ikegami H, Kobayashi T, Maruyama T, Nakanishi ... cellular and molecularmechanisms of its action on Treg cells. We then move on to describe how this data can be translated to applica-tions for human autoimmune diseases by using IL-2 asa therapeutic ... 2003,171:3348-3352.13. Kumanogoh A, Wang X, Lee I, Watanabe C, Kamanaka M, Shi W, Yoshida K,Sato T, Habu S, Itoh M, et al: Increased T cell autoreactivity in theabsence of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions: a role...