... dominating standard scenario of parser eval-uation substantially.ReferencesSrinivas Bangalore and Aravind K. Joshi. 1999. Su-pertagging: an approach to almost parsing. Compu-tational Linguistics, ... the eas-ier attachment task and therefore provided the goldstandard POS tag as part of the input data, whereasin our case pure word form sequences are anal-ysed and POS disambiguation is part ... quality which can be obtained with a rule-based dependency grammar. By in-cluding a chunker, a supertagger, a PP at-tacher, and a fast probabilistic parser wewere able to improve upon the baseline...
... rules learned in a TBL training run canstraightforwardly be translated into a cascade ofFST rules.3.2.1 Transformation-Based Learning andµ-TBLTBL is a machine learning approach that has beenemployed ... Grace Ngai, Yongsheng Yang, and Ben-feng Chen. 2004. A maximum-entropy Chinese parser augmented by transformation-based learning.ACM Transactions on Asian Language InformationProcessing (TALIP), ... Florian and Ngai (2001) report an SFof 93.55% and a TA of 88.86% on CTB data.Ng and Low (2004) report an SF of 95.2% and a TA of 91.9% on CTB data. Finally, Zhang andClark (2008) achieve an...
... GRAMMARS The grammars which are supported by the parser are a subset of those for Structure Unification Grammar. These grammars are for the most part lexicalized. Each lexicalized grammar ... Categorial Grammar, Lexi- cal Functional Grammar, and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. An SUG grammar is a set of partial descrip- tions of phrase structure trees. Each SUG gram- mar ... In Lawrence Davis, editor, Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, chapter 11, pages 141- 154. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA. Shastri, Lokendra and Ajjanagadde, Venkat (1990)....
... A Statistical Parserfor Czech* Michael Collins AT&T Labs-Research, Shannon Laboratory, 180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ 07932 mcollins@research, att.com Jan Haj i~. Institute ... morphological analyzer. The PDT also contains machine-assigned tags and lemmas for each word (using a tagger de- scribed in (Haji~ and Hladka, 1998)). For evaluation purposes, the PDT has been ... of a morphological analy- sis program, and also with the single one of those tags that a statistical POS tagging program had predicted to be the correct tag (Haji~ and Hladka, 1998). Table...
... grammars, the augmented phrase-structure grammars (APSGs), and the semantic grammars. All of them have different characteristics and different advantages. In particular APSGs offer a natural ... <TESTS> are evaluated before the application of a rule and can inhibit it if they fail. <ACTIONS> are activated after the application of a rule and perform additional structuring and structure ... on a SUN workstation, as the main component of a transportable Natural Language Interface (SAIL = Sistema per I'Analisi e I'lnterpretazione del Linguaggio). Subsets of grammars...
... as it iscalculating the update. Zhang and Clark compareaspects of transition-based and graph-based pars-ing, and end up using a transition-based parser with a combined transition-based/second-ordergraph-based ... a suitable amount of training data, themodel can thus learn to make the correct deci-sion. The dynamic-programming based graph-based parser is designed in such a way that anyscore calculation ... many situations, a transition-based parser is forced to make an attachment decision for a given input word at a point where no or onlypartial information about the word’s own depen-dents (and...
... it.Opening Day Balance Sheet A balance sheet is one of the fundamental financial reports that any business needs for reporting and financial management. A balance sheet shows what items of value are ... commerce has good information on the local area. Trade associations and trade publications often have excellent industry-specific data.Primary research means gathering your own data. For example, ... customers• Any other materials needed to support the assumptions in this plan• Market research studies• List of assets available as collateral fora loanPage 19 of 27VIII. Personal Financial StatementInclude...
... Critical Care Vol 13 No 1 RuskinPage 2 of 2(page number not for citation purposes)aerospace medical researchers, and the traveling public.Sand and colleagues’ study should serve as a template for future ... Committee, Aero-space Medical Association: Emergency medical kit for com-mercial airlines: an update. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007, 78:1170-1171.5. European Joint Aviation Authorities: JAR-OPS1, ... for future research in this important area.Competing interestsThe author declares that they have no competing interests.References1. Sand M, Bechara FG, Sand D, Mann B: Surgical and medicalemergencies...
... 2005;106: 40 6a. 27. Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Murakami M, Hirai M, Tominaga N, Nakajima H, Elisseeva OA, Masuda T, Nakano A, Kawakami M, Oji Y, Ikegame K, Hosen N, Udaka K, Yasukawa M, Ogawa H, Kawase I, ... Transplantation, Niigata University Medical and Dental General Hospital, Niigata, Japan 3. Division of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, ... Tohri Kurasaki3, Toshiki Kitajima3, Shoko Takenouchi3, Anri Sai-toh1, Norihiro Watanabe1, Tatsuo Furukawa2, Ken Toba3, Ichiro Fuse4, Yoshifusa Aizawa3, Manabu Kawa-kami5,...
... employees, sustaining a strong spirit of teamwork, an emphasis on quality of consulting services, and profitability. We intend to focus our activities in project management consultancy and patent, ... 8J1)J("=?:0G=)?E0()))=')?1(1)2)'>6 A (200(=)')('>11(1))?=?0;0?0;6')'=K=?0;0?0;6')'MARKETING STRATEGIES:)'')>? A ><I=()=':0G='=E:=?0)>?'0=E)((;)=?+(>?'";0?@0?='2)@:0G=)?E:)K'0=E)='(>:@=))='0=E)='>E0?)L0)>?'0=E)='IMPLEMENTING ... %1(1)Table 5.1: Opportunities and Threats to VFCFIsOPPORTUNITIES THREATS1. Demand on VFCFIs' services increases1. Lack of experience in the international business as well as in consulting...
... bedroom11.Mr. Quang is a hard worker. He works ________ than Mr. Trung. A. harder B.more hard C. hardlier D. more hardly12.” ________ does the play start ?” –“ I think it starts at 6.30” A. What B.When ... A. What job are you B.What are you doing C.What’s your job D. How do you do10.Most families relax and watch TV in the ___________. A. living-room B. rest room C. ... ________20th. A. November B.August C. May D.March18.I’m not good ________ fixing things. A. at B.on C.in D .for 19._________ does the recess begin in your school? _ At 2.30 pm A. What time B.What C. How...
... steady flow refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches with the consideration ... endoreversible refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermal-capacity cooling branches and two adiabatic branches is viewed as a production ... 1 and 2 is a heating branch with constant thermal capacity (mass flow rate and specific heat product) inC; the processes between 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 are two cooling branches with constant...