... ofthe 12th Conference ofthe European Chapter ofthe ACL, pages 139–147,Athens, Greece, 30 March – 3 April 2009.c2009 Association for Computational Linguistics Predicting thefluencyoftext ... between text quality assess-ment ofthe articles and the percentage of fluentsentences according to different models. text, and levels offluency in the automatically pro-duced text. The distinctions ... the analysis is performed in or-der to better understand which factors are predic-tive of good fluency. The distribution offluency scores in the datasetis rather skewed, with the majority of...
... element ofthe vector usually represents a word (or a group of words) of the document collection, i.e. the size ofthe vector is defined by the number of words (orgroups of words) ofthe complete ... from the number of clusters is the silhouette coefficient SC(P) (cf. [KR90]). The main idea ofthe coef-ficient is to find out the location of a document in the space with respect to the cluster of ... StemmingIn order to reduce the size ofthe dictionary and thus the dimensionality ofthe descrip-tion of documents within the collection, the set of words describing the documents canbe reduced...
... win. 3. 81.1% ofthe students find that the games guided by their teacher are easy to understand, 18.4% ofthe students sometimes don’t understand the rule ofthe games, and 0.5% of the students ... understanding ofthe lesson.PART III CONCLUSION 1. SummariesIn summary, the study deals with the theories ofthe role of grammar, students’ motivation, and the application of games in teaching ... tense or the form of verb in each clause of that sentence, guess the meaning and the usage of this condition. The group which gives the clear and correct answer will be the winner. The teacher...
... the object ofthe verb in the active form in an active structure, becomes the subject ofthe verb in the passive form; while the performer of an action (the agent) – the subject ofthe verb in ... ve huu – The General Retires” in The Other Side of Heaven”, 1995), which reflects the use of TL adjective in place of SL verb. The fourth type of transposition is the replacement of a virtual ... structure form of a source text. Meanwhile, dynamic equivalence is the principle of equivalence of effect on reader of TT or the same effect on the TL receivers as the source text has on the SL receivers....
... can help them to be acquainted with the theme and the language relating to the theme. From then, the students can speak, listen and write about the things relating to the theme in the next ... partly helps the students understand the topic ofthe reading passage. For example, in Unit 1, the title ofthe unit is The day in the life of. ”. Glancing at the title and looking at the enclosed ... the title ofthe unit (frequently, the title ofthe unit is the title ofthe paasage), or to look at and discuss the picture enclosed the passage. In addition, the teacher can use the available...
... feature is the log ofthe “fig-ure of merit” used to guide search in the noisychannel model when it is producing the 25-bestlist for the reranker. The log figure of merit is the sum ofthe log ... when it is part ofthe reparandum or Iwhen it is part ofthe interregnum.1. CopyFlagsX Y: When there is an exact copyin the input textof length X (1 ≤ X ≤ 3) and the gap between the copies is ... list of possible speech disfluency analyses. The choice of this model is driven by the observation that the re-pairs frequently seem to be a “rough copy” of the reparandum, often incorporating the...
... architecture. In the North and West, meanwhile, under the growing institutions ofthe papacy and ofthe monastic orders and the emergence of a feudal civilization out ofthe chaos ofthe Dark Ages, the ... are gathered some ofthe results of recent investigations and ofthe architectural progress of the last few years which could not readily be introduced into thetextof this edition. The General ... to harmonize in a building the requirements of utility and of beauty. It is the most useful ofthe fine arts and the noblest ofthe useful arts. It touches the life of man at every point. It...
... correct casemarking is a crucial part of making translationsconvey the right meaning.801Proceedings ofthe 47th Annual Meeting ofthe ACL and the 4th IJCNLP ofthe AFNLP, pages 800–808,Suntec, ... likely. The separation of the lemma and suffix helps in tiding over the data sparsity problem by allowing the systemto reason about the suffix-case marker com-bination rather than the combination of ... represented ina scope. The Stanford dependency parser on the other hand represents these dependencies with the help ofthe clausal complement relation, whichlinks said with hit, and uses the complementizerrelation...
... vector of each word from the centroid of its closest cluster, and to assign the differential vector to the most appropriate other cluster. This process can be repeated until the length ofthe ... a strong negative effect on the results ofthe vector comparisons. Fortunately, the problem of data sparseness can be minimized by reducing the dimensionality ofthe matrix. An appropriate ... vectors, and by assigning these to the most similar other cluster. Hereby for the cosine similarity we set a threshold of 0.8. That is, only if the similarity between the differential vector...
... Suchalternations improve the recall ofthe answerparagraphs. For example, in the case of questionQ221: “Who killed Martin Luther King ?”,by considering the synonym of killer, the nounassassin, the Q&A ... sledin the Iditarod ?”, since the definition of Word-Net sense 2 of noun harness contains the bigram“pull cart” and both sled and cart are forms of vehicles, the alternation ofthe pair of keywordspull, ... question the performance wascomputed by the reciprocal value ofthe rank(RAR) ofthe highest-ranked correct answer givenby the system. Given that only the first five an-swers were considered in the...
... sample definition and the triples the parser found in it. ABDOMEN 0 1 N THE PART OFTHE BODY BETWEEN THE THORAX AND THE PELVIS (THE) pmod (PART) (ABDOMEN 0 1 N) lm (THE) (ABDOMEN 0 1 N) ... inflected forms analyzed, and other modifications ofthe kind often brought under the rubric of "transformations." The LSP can do this sort of thing very welL The defining words also need ... We extracted the set of intransitive verb definitions, suspecting that these would be the easiest to work with. This is the smallest ofthe four major 219 Semantic Analysis of Definitions...
... rank of 101. Thus, the lower the rank, the better the performance ofthe system.While there are obviously many more ways of as-sembling a test set and scoring the several systems,we found these ... form the building blocks of a compound, and it is possi-ble that one part of a compound calls up the other. The examples show that the process of compound-ing can go in either direction: the ... comparison ofthe document-based model and the log-likelihood ratio on the basis of the cue–target pairs with the largest difference in log ranks between the two approaches.tween the models in the...
... wereexcluded, because there is no guarantee the language employed there is the same as the rest ofthe textbook material (metalinguisticterms and so on can be found there).Up to now, using these criteria, ... specificissue ofthe readability of texts for FFL learn-ers. So, any comparisons with previous studies aresomewhat flawed by the fact that neither the targetpopulation nor the scale of difficulty is the ... attention to the factthat the MLR model multiplies the number of pa-rameters by J − 1 compared to the PO model.Because of this, they recommend using the POmodel.6 Implementation ofthe modelsHaving...
... comments to the paper. tion requirement. Unfortunately one ofthe cur- rent trends in IE is the progressive reduction of the size of training corpora: e.g., from the 1,000 texts ofthe MUC-5 ... entries in the lexicon. The BL could be seen as the complementary set of the FL with respect to the generic language, i.e. it contains all the words ofthe language that do not belong to the FL. ... mentioned, there are two problems related to the use of generic dictionaries with respect to the IE needs. First there is no clear way of extracting from them the mapping between the FL and the...