... acts can be described in terms of the level of their psychological consequences, often performing an act by saying something such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, ... II.2 Positive and negative politenessstrategiesin twelve conversationalactivities of the course book “New Headway, Intermediate” II.2.1 PositivePolitenessstrategiesinconversationalactivities ... of Politenessstrategies 17 II.2 Positive and negative politenessstrategiesinconversationalactivities 20 in twelve units of the coursebook “New Headway, Intermediate” II.2.1 Positive politeness...
... the importance of politeness strategies, in general, positivepoliteness strategies, in particular, in communication and to study the utilities of positivepolitenessstrategiesin conversations ... social goal (e.g, ordering, asking, demanding, begging, etc), convivial (e.g, offering, inviting, greeting, etc), collaborative (e.g, asserting, reporting, announcing, instructing, etc) and conflictive ... following this rule will try to minimize infringing on hearer's privacy or preventing him embarrassed with something which can not be mentioned However, in some cases, the intrusion is inevitable In...
... perlocutionary often performs an act by saying something such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening or otherwise getting someone to or realizing something In some cases, the difference between ... face loss can be divided into saying something or not Saying something is divided into doing the FSA (facesaving-act) or not Doing the FTA is included of on and off record On record can be done ... 2.2 Positive, negative and off – record politenessstrategies of the course book “New Cutting Edge” 2.2.1 Positivepolitenessstrategiesinconversationalactivities Based on 15 positive politeness...
... theoretical background of speech acts, politeness and politeness strategies; the second chapter analyses the positive and negative politenessstrategiesin the conversationalactivitiesin the ... study are: - To study positive and negative politenessstrategiesin most typical contextual environments in the conversationalactivities of the course book “New – Headway, Intermediate” - To collect ... strategiesin the conversationalactivities of the course book “New – Headway, Intermediate” by Liz & John Soars so as to improve the teaching and learning of verbal communication in English...
... 2.2.1 Positivepolitenessstrategiesin negotiating conversations . 22 2.2.2 Negative politenessstrategiesin negotiating conversations . 26 Chapter 3: Implications for teaching politenessstrategies ... emphasize And in order to gain that aim, many strategiesin communications have been applied in the activities and conversations At this point, politenessstrategies are indispensable in negotiating conversations ... for students: politeness strategyawareness training, one-time politeness strategy training and long-term politeness strategy training 3.2.1 Politeness strategy-awareness training Politeness strategy-awareness...
... effect of increasing the impact on H (Blum-Kulka, 1985) Modifications include internal modification and external modification Internal modification is that occurring within the Head Act, including ... Company in 2005 The request utterances in this study are identified as those carrying the illocutionary force of getting somebody to something, ranging from ordering to begging Specifically, in “Twilight”, ... it may vary in different social contexts 1.2.4 Politeness and indirectness in requests As discussed, indirectness and politenessin speech acts including requests may be different in particular...
... and point out the significant of politenessstrategiesin communication - Classify politenessstrategies employed in conversations in listening sections of the book ―Innovations – Pre-Intermediate‖ ... book “Innovations – Pre-Intermediate” with politenessstrategies employed Analyzing conversations and point out the politenessstrategiesin such conversations Categorizing strategies 28 Making ... claim for himself‖ in which an individual‟s emotions is involved In communication, this “self-image” is maintained, protected or lost A desire in communication is maintaining each other‟s ―face‖...
... politenessstrategiesin conversations in classical and modern literary works - Comparing politenessstrategiesin conversations in British and American literary works - Studying politenessstrategies ... modification is concerned, it is divided into two terms: internal and external modification Internal modification is defined as elements within the Head Act which can perform as indicating devices ... way as to indicate that an increase in social distance will bring about an increase in the degree of politeness and vice versa The notion of politeness finds meaning when it is studied in the context...
... differences in employing politenessstrategies effectively For example, the finding of the research shows that English speakers prefer using negative politenessstrategiesin making request than using positive ... does not intend to avoid impeding the hearer‟s freedom of action E.g.: ordering, suggesting, threatening, requesting, promising, etc Acts threatening to the hearer‟s positive face by indicating that ... communicative force of an utterance such as requesting, advising, promising, inviting, etc 6 Perlocutionary act is “what we bring about or achieve by saying something such as convincing, persuading,...
... communication Therefore, positive and negative politenessstrategies are highlighted in this section in particular and in the whole research in general I.4 Positivepoliteness I.4.1 Positivepoliteness ... conducts an investigation into the performance of positive and negative politenessstrategiesinconversationalactivities of the course book Inside Out (Pre-Intermediate) with the hope of improving ... responsibility of performing an FTA For doing FTAs, in Brown and Levinson‟s opinion, the politenessstrategies can be grouped into five superstrategies which are given in the chart below (the...
... ordering, greeting, accepting, warning, demanding, advertising, canceling, inviting, withdrawing, declaring, judging, criticizing, describing, and congratulating In the theory of Austin (1962), a ... when in her study aimed at investigating how politenessstrategies manifested in requests in the novel “The Thorn Bird”, the findings indicated thatcharacters of this novel employed positivepoliteness ... aimed at studying the positive and negative politeness strategies, they will be presented in details in the following sections 1.2.3.4 Positivepoliteness and positivepolitenessstrategies As...
... appropriate politeness strategy not only in writing form but also in speaking and communicating In this study, we focus on the politenessstrategies that are often used in requests in daily interaction ... of politenessstrategies - To study and identify the politenessstrategiesin requests in the course book and in communication - To suggest some suggested activitiesin teaching and learning politeness ... classify the requests in different politenessstrategies Thus, we can apply them in fact effectively Some suggested activitiesin teaching and learning to use the politenessstrategiesin request are...
... card-issuing banks internationally in Vietnam, including the international credit cards, international debit cards and prepaid international card, 38 domestic card issuing bank including the domestic ... Issuing and settling domestic and international credit cards including EXIMBANK MasterCard, EXIMBANK Visa, EXIMBANK Card; acquiring VISA, MasterCard, JCB, etc.; making online payments by cards ... the bank If card‟s holder continue in using payment card, the card‟s holder does procedures to extend time Number of card was relief printing on the card This is number of card for card‟s holder...
... 2.2.1 Positivepolitenessstrategiesin negotiating conversations . 22 2.2.2 Negative politenessstrategiesin negotiating conversations . 26 Chapter 3: Implications for teaching politenessstrategies ... negative politenessstrategiesin the negotiating conversations of Market Leader Pre intermediate" - Offering implications for teaching positive and negative politenessstrategiesin a more ... theoretical background on speech acts and politenessstrategies Chapter analyzes positive and negative politenessstrategies found in the negotiating activities of "Market Leader Pre intermediate" in...
... Company in 2005 The request utterances in this study are identified as those carrying the illocutionary force of getting somebody to something, ranging from ordering to begging Specifically, in “Twilight”, ... request 1.2 Politeness 1.2.1 Politeness theory 1.2.2 Social variables affecting politeness 1.2.3 Politeness and indirectness 1.2.4 Politeness and indirectness in requests 1.2.5 Modification 1.3 ... 3.2.1.2 Analysing politenessstrategiesin requests used in “Twilight” Different strategiesin requests were opted by the characters in “Twilight” All of the eight strategies with sub-strategies...
... - Identifying and analyzing positivestrategies employed in the conversations of “Top Notch 2” (the first edition) - Identifying and analyzing negative politenessstrategies employed in the conversations ... objectives of gaining insights into the positive and negative politenessstrategiesin the conversations of the course book “Top Notch 2” by Joan M Saslow and Allen Ascher -the third book in the Top ... Chapter 3: Findings and discussion – reports the study‟s finding on which further discussion is offered Part C: Conclusion: ends the study by summarizing its main points as well as finding out the...
... does not intend to avoid impeding the hearer’s freedom of action E.g.: ordering, suggesting, threatening, requesting, promising, etc Acts threatening to the hearer’s positive face by indicating that ... teaching and learning of positive and negative politenessstrategies CHAPTER 2: POLITNESS STRATEGIESIN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE SERIES “HARRY POTTER” 2.1 Politenessstrategiesin Requests in the ... 2.2.2.1 Positivepolitenessstrategiesin requests in the movie series “Harry Potter” According to 15 positivepolitenessstrategiesin the framework of Brown and Levinson, the requests in the...