population community and ecosystem levels of organization
evolution and the levels of selection jan 2007
... equation and related formalisms, e.g by Wade and Kalisz (1990), Heisler and Damuth (1987), Endler (1986), Lande and Arnold (1983), and Rice (2004) 26 Evolution and the Levels of Selection of z ‘due ... ‘additivity criterion’ of Lloyd and Wimsatt Evolution and the Levels of Selection is discussed, as is Brandon’s ‘screening off’ criterion, Vrba’s ‘emergent character’ criterion, and Damuth and Heisler’s ... Emergent Relations and the Damuth–Heisler Approach 119 4.2 Screening Off and the Levels of Selection 4.3 Realism versus Pluralism about the Levels of Selection 121 125 4.3.1 Pluralism and Causality...
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báo cáo hóa học:" A Population-Based and Longitudinal Study of Sexual Behavior and Multidrug-Resistant HIV Among Patients in Clinical Care" pdf
... analyzing the 78 patients (20% of total population) with surveys, viral load, and matched resistance data This subset of the population provided a cumulative total of 12 months of sexual behavior experience ... not provided population- based information over time on the quantitative aspects and dynamics of the relationship of sexual risk and resistance The data needed to more fully understand this relationship ... or were taken off drugs, and some patients went in and out of sexual risk during their course of participation in the study Risk behavior could be matched with confirmed viral load and viral resistance...
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Báo cáo y học: "Rheumatoid cachexia is associated with dyslipidemia and low levels of atheroprotective natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine but not with dietary fat in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study" pdf
... >5.0 mmol/l Low HDL levels were found in 3% of the women and 5% in the men High LDL levels were present in 51% of the women and in 32% of the Anthropometrical assessments and body composition ... is, below the 10th percentile of a reference population, was registered in 26% and 21% of the women and men, respectively Furthermore, 18% of the women and 26% of the men were assessed to have ... dyslipidemia as were increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL and oxLDL and also low levels of anti-PC These patients are therefore suggested to have an increased risk of CVD and premature mortality...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Health and historical levels of freedom" ppt
... pluralism and participation, and functioning of government Civil liberties include freedom of expression and belief, associational and organizational rights, rule of law, and personal autonomy and ... education of women and girls, which has shown potent population level effects on both health and development, and may be both a cause, and an outcome, of freedom[16] Furthermore, the patterns and timing ... democratisation and health indicators[17] In contrast, this paper offers a broad overview of the relationship between historical and cumulative freedom levels and health of all countries regardless of social,...
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Báo cáo y học: " Elevated expression of both mRNA and protein levels of IL-17A in sputum of stable Cystic Fibrosis patients" potx
... both protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A and mRNA levels of IL-22 and IL-23 in sputum of stable CF patients and to relate expression of these cytokines in sputum to the chronicity of airway infection ... chronic Figure Comparison of IL-17A and IL-23 levels between patients with different colonisation status of P aeruginosa and S aureus Comparison of IL-17A and IL-23 mRNA levels between patients ... significant) Median levels are shown by the line Discussion In the present study, we found elevated levels of both IL-17A protein and mRNA levels and also of IL-23 mRNA in sputum of clinically stable...
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Báo cáo y học: " Increased prevalence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and low levels of natural IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus" docx
... we determined decreased levels of LDL (P = 0.026) and increased levels of TG (P = 0.003), CRP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.011) Low anti-PC IgM- levels occurred more often in patients (lowest ... measurements of IMT and lumen diameter, by using the automated analyzing system, were 4.9% and 2.4% (coefficient of variation), respectively (with an IMT of 0.44 to 1.02 mm and a lumen diameter of 4.38 ... JF and MV, and participating in drafting of the manuscript TG performed and analysed physiological investigations with TJ, and participated in drafting the manuscript XH and JS performed and...
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Báo cáo y học: " Aberrant splicing of the hRasGRP4 transcript and decreased levels of this signaling protein in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis" pdf
... acquisition of the data and draft of the manuscript HT helped collection and acquisition of the data and draft of the manuscript TA and TK was involved in the interpretation and design of the study, and ... patients (Figure and Table 1) In our RA patients, the expression levels of hRasGRP4 were not related to any of investigated clinical and laboratory features Alternatively spliced isoforms of hRasGRP4 ... The levels of the hRasGRP4 transcripts were higher than the normal levels in 41% of our RA patients (p < 0.0001) (Figure 2) The levels of the hRasGRP4 transcript also were higher in the PBMCs of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Circulating β-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol levels of stallions before and after short road transport: stress effect of different distances" pps
... 12:401-404 Grandin T: Assessment of stress during handling and transport J Anim Sci 1997, 75:249-257 Waran NK, Cuddeford D: Effects of loading and transport on the heart rate and behaviour of horses ... Welfare assessment and welfare problem areas during handling and transport In Livestock Handling and Transport Edited by: Grandin T Wallingford, CABI; 2000:43-61 Thornton J: Effect of the microclimate ... transportation stress and influence of different distance and age on β-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol levels of horses In Proceedings of the 34th International Congress of the International Society for...
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Species richness and ecosystem functioning of southeast asian dung beetle fauna
... 103º40’E), and includes four forest fragments on the main island of Singapore, two on the offshore island of Pulau Ubin, Singapore and two continuous forests in the Malaysian state of Johor Deforestation ... comparisons and conclusions of dung beetle diversity and ecosystem functioning on standardized methods employed throughout the study and across all sites Another drawback of my study is the use of cattle ... species and mean number of individuals and MacRitchie had the lowest mean number of species and mean number of individuals in baited pitfall traps within a single transect 16 (Figs 2a and 2b)...
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Levels of Organization in Living Things
... shelter, etc.) Food and the Trophic Levels More About Feeding • Trophic level - steps in the passage of energy and matter through an biotic and abiotic aspects of an ecosystem • Matter and energy are ... Communities Populations • Community - made up of populations that interact with each other • Population - a group of organisms that mate with one another and live in the same place ... Food web – non-linear flow of matter and food through an ecosystem • Why does energy flow and matter cycle? • Matter Cycles are part of the abiotic materials flow in an ecosystems: – Expresses...
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Báo cáo y học: "Comparative study of serum Na+ and K+ levels in senile cataract patients and normal individuals"
... deviation of patients and control group were 61.96±14.5, 59.63±13.8, respectively Age range of patients and controls were 44-85 year and 43-86 year respectively Table shows serum Na+, K+ of case and ... years of age Approximately 75 percent of population over 75 suffer from lens opacity or cataract, which is the major cause of poor vision and blindness in the world [1,2,3,4] The commonest form of ... group and sent to the laboratory Serum Na+, K+ levels were measured with flam photometry method by the aid of SEAC model FLP20, Italy Outcoming data was assessed by spss 11 software and mean of...
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Tài liệu Organization-internal Transfer of Knowledge and the Role of Motivation: A Qualitative Case Study pptx
... cognitive abilities of both the source of knowledge (Foss and Pedersen, 2002) and the recipient (Gupta and Govindarajan, 2000; Tsai, 2001) are key factors Absorptive and retentive capacity of the recipient, ... concept of motivation They set the boundaries of learning by defining business, norms and beliefs, and organizational infrastructure Similarly, Nonaka (1994) discusses organizational learning and ... Program Organization Science 1(3): 313–335 Yin RK 1994 Case study research: Design and methods (2nd edn) Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA Zander U, Kogut B 1995 Knowledge and the speed of transfer and imitation...
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Tài liệu Physical health and functional ability of an elderly, population in Sri, Lanka doc
... tests of physical performance for assessing the functioning of upper and lower extremities were carried out, using standard procedures These included: semi tandem stand, full tandem stand, rising ... quality of data Assessment of health status at community level requires the use of methodologies that are feasible in such settings and also shown to be valid as predictors of mortality and morbidity ... 84% in Indonesia and 62% in Thailand (10) It was D N Fernando and R de A Seneviratna 14 Table Self-assessed "health status" by some psychosocial factors and indicators of use of health services...
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Tài liệu The Role of Public Regional Universities in Community and Economic Development doc
... Economic Development Programs and Initiatives Collaboration with Community and Non-Profit Groups Partnerships linked to community and non-profits Corporate Alliances Specific and direct sponsorships ... capacity Ensure a stable supply of knowledge and skills in high need areas Increase the size, diversity of skills and productivity of the labor force Dimensions of Social and Economic Value Regional ... their state and regional economies, including generating an average return of up to $5 for every $1 of state tax dollar invested (Source: National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant...
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OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION: ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN OF DISEASE AT NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS potx
... benefits of reducing the risk factor by a specified amount A determination of the size of the population groups exposed to PM10 and PM2.5, and the type of health effect of interest The incidence of ... use of air conditioning and gas stoves, and day of week Even though some of the studies combined individuals with different levels of asthma severity and medication use, or combined asthmatics and ... into account various population groups exposed at different levels of pollutants, for example of the population of various cities in a country In the case of the population of only one city with...
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Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package: ORGANIZATION OF SERVICES FOR MENTAL HEALTH pdf
... the use of community- based alternatives rather than institutions for the delivery of services The provision of services in the community should go hand-inhand with reducing the populations of mental ... community mental health services include a wide array of settings and different levels of care provided by mental health professionals and paraprofessionals, i.e people who work alongside professionals ... national, regional and local levels; mental health professionals; people with mental disorders and their representative organizations; representatives or associations of families and carers of persons...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Levels of mTOR and its downstream targets 4E-BP1, eEF2, and eEF2 kinase in relationships with tau in Alzheimer’s disease brain doc
... Fig Levels of total and phosphorylated (p) forms of eEF2K and eEF2 in AD and control brains (A) When compared with controls, level of p-eEF2K (Ser366) significantly increased, and levels of total ... Li et al Results Levels of total and phosphorylated mTOR in AD and control brains Levels of total mTOR did not show a significant change between AD and control (Fig 1A) Levels of mTOR phosphorylated ... have found increased levels of phosphorylated (p) p70S6K [6] and p-eIF4E [10] in AD brains In the current study (Table 1), levels of total and p-forms of mTOR, 4E-BP1, eEF2, and eEF2K were investigated...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Rapamycin inhibits lipopolysaccharide induction of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages by reducing the levels of octamer-binding factor-2 doc
... study, the effects of rapamycin on the LPSinduced increase in Oct-2 protein and on the expression of iNOS and G-CSF protein and mRNA were evaluated in macrophages, and the involvement of Oct-2 in LPS ... were pretreated with 200 ngÆmL)1 of rapamycin for 30 (lanes and 4), followed by incubation with (lanes and 4) or without (lanes and 3) LPS for h The levels of Oct-2 and b-actin were measured after ... for 24 h with 7.5 lg of empty vector (lanes and 5) or plasmid encoding DN-mTOR (lane 6), then incubated in the presence or absence of LPS for 30 and the levels of total and phosphorylated p70...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Genomic organization, tissue distribution and deletion mutation of human pyridoxine 5¢-phosphate oxidase pptx
... islands with a CGobs/CGexp ratio in excess of 0.6 and a G + C content of 62% spanning two regions from )377 to )158 and from )137 to +136 of the start codon Such a CpG island is indicative of ... and PLP has an extinction coefficient of 5900 M)1Æcm)1 One unit of specific activity is defined as the amount of protein that catalyses the formation of lmol PLPÆmin)1 at 25 °C The value of Km and ... genomic structure and expression of PNPO Here we present a characterization of the genomic organization, the structure of the mRNA isoforms produced by alternative polyadenylation, and the tissue...
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Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct phát huy những thành tựu công nghệ mới nhất được áp dụng vào công tác dạy và học ngoại ngữ các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25