... 289398 Adverbs of manner 291399 Examples of adverbs of manner 293400 Adverbs of place 294401 Examples of adverbs of place 295402 Adverbs of time 295403 Comments on certain adverbs of time 297404 ... variety ofFrench that oscillates between standard French – the French used fornews broadcasts and in good-quality newspapers and magazines – and the upper end of informal French – that is to say French ... members of society.Just as there are many varieties of English, of which you are no doubt fully aware,so there are many varieties of French. Some are geographically based – the French of Paris...
... structure of the lexicon-grammar built for French and we discuss its algorithmic implications for parsing. The construction of a lexicon-grammar ofFrench has led to an accumulation of linguistic ... properties ofFrench verbs have been limited in terms of the size of sentences, that is, by restricting the type of complements to object complements. We considered 3 main types of objects: ... class of contences could be reduced to entries of the lexicon-gremmr as presented in 1. and 2. We will now give examples of simple sentences that have structures different of the structures of...
... addition of lexical heads leads to an enor-mous number of potential rules, making direct esti-mation of P(RHS|LHS) infeasible because of sparsedata. Therefore, the generation of the RHS of a rulegiven ... labeled precision and re-call of about 66%. We experimented with a num-ber of tree transformation that take account of thepeculiarities of the annotation of the French Tree-ures are slightly ... scheme of the FTB does not lenditself particularly well to the demands of Model 2.Moreover, as Collins (1997) mentions, some of the benefits of Model 2 are already captured byinclusion of the...
... the spelling database is built in a tabular form. Eachelement of the table helps to check thecorrection of a syllable based on the columnposition of initial consonants and the rowposition of ... advantage of our method is thatthe tool operates independently of theVietnamese font used. The design of Vietools is open: one can add new functionssuch as text or data conversion Spelling ... thanks go to my students for therealization of Vietools and my colleagues fortheir opinions. In particular, I thank ProfessorAravind Joshi, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, USA, for his...
... the address of itsparameters. Of course, all of them are not to befilled in. All the information thus annotated isthen translated into an XML format. Annotation of the example of Đ2 is translated ... evaluation framework forparsers ofFrench whose annotationformalism allows the annotation of bothconstituents and functional relations. Atest corpus containing an assortment of different text types ... Annotation formalismThe definition of the annotation formalism is thecore element of the evaluation process. Indeed,the formalism must have a coverage of syntactical phenomena as broad as...
... speaking, it is the longest part of a word common to all forms (inflections) of that word. The stem of donner, for example, is donn-; what remains of each inflection of donner after this has been ... namely the successful identification of the various forms of words. This being so, the program will prove capable of producing an adequate translation of such French prose as has no literary pretensions ... consisting of only these 14 endings which would be capable of producing a correct translation of all regular French ad- jectives and nouns. And, in fact, it would be, but for English often having...
... the author of two historical works, of which one is exquisite a memorial of her friendthe Duchess of Orleans, and of two perhaps three romances, the latest of which, in the order of chronology,is ... ways towards a new andprofounder conception of the life of societies or of humanity. By Turgot for the first time the idea of progresswas accepted as the ruling principle of history. It cannot ... the moreardent mind of the time was occupied with science, the study of nature, the study of society, philosophicalspeculation, the criticism of religion, of government, and of social arrangements....
... works of Ancient Alphabets of any excellence published in a cheap form, I have been induced, after many years' study and research in my profession as a Draughtsman and Engraver, to offer ... increase the value of the pages, as an indication of the esteem in which I have held the encouragement, and the respect I have paid to the suggestions of the purchasers of this book, and the ... old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers...
... from a wide variety of sources. As mentioned above, half of this total reflects a collection of transcriptions from oral or spoken French, while the other half reflects French in its textual ... count for all variants of a word turns out not to be the best measure of its usefulness. Consideration must be made of how widely a word is spread across the different parts of a corpus.wExactly ... “deviation of proportions”, or DP (Gries, 2008).oThe DP measure looks at the proportion of a term’s occurrence across various “slices” of a corpus, taking into account the size of each slice....
... the variability of δ18O of soilwater at a considered depth was low. Similar resultswere noted by Bariac et al. [3] in a nearby natural rain-forest. The profile of δ18O of soil water with ... the wet season in anatural rainforest ofFrench Guiana. The combination of seasonal variations in the intensity of evaporation, highlyvariable δ18O of rainwater, and water transfers in the ... upperFigure 2. Xylem water oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) and vertical profiles of soil water δ18O in a natural rainforest of French Guiana on two sites differing in soil drainage conditions (DVD,...
... sections revealed that none of theseshort roots (out of several hundred trials)were ectomycorrhizas. In contrast, they dis-played a dark outer layer of cells with thick-ened ... and coils. The formation of the thickouter layer occurs very rapidly after theapparition of the short root, close to theelongating tip of the long root. The mostspectacular ... from the collar of the plants, which were severely affected bythe infection (reduced number and length of roots). Table II presents the distribution of thedifferent structures...