... nineteenth-century Irish and English culture, enables us to reopen the whole question of what constitutes Irish studies now If nationalist conceptions of the ‘ Irish nation’’ on which the discipline of Irish ... establishing Allegories of Union in Irish and English writing English colonial hegemony in Ireland, I argue for the centrality of gender to any study of English or Irish nation-formation Indeed, this ... on English colonial discourse about the Irish, and on the project of English nation-formation Here again I am concerned to demonstrate not just the bigotry of English attitudes toward the Irish, ...
... nineteenth-century Irish and English culture, enables us to reopen the whole question of what constitutes Irish studies now If nationalist conceptions of the ‘ Irish nation’’ on which the discipline of Irish ... establishing Allegories of Union in Irish and English writing English colonial hegemony in Ireland, I argue for the centrality of gender to any study of English or Irish nation-formation Indeed, this ... on English colonial discourse about the Irish, and on the project of English nation-formation Here again I am concerned to demonstrate not just the bigotry of English attitudes toward the Irish, ...
... Plain English Technologese ARGUMENT & STRUCTURE OF DISCOURSE E-mail Inverted pyramid Letter writing Narrative Reports Summary VARIETIES OF ENGLISH American English Australian English British English ... millennium, English is more diverse than ever in all hemispheres Research into “new Englishes” has flourished, supported by journals such as English World-Wide, World Englishes and English Today ... American English Australian English British English Canadian English International English New Zealand English South African English Standard English WORDS FORMS OF WORDS SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS Acronyms...
... Anglo -Irish, Hiberno -English and IrishEnglish 1.2.2 Northern IrishEnglish 1.2.3 Non-linguistic terms 1.2.4 Ireland and Britain 1.2.5 External references 1.2.6 The term Irish 1.3 The identity of Irish ... Epilogue: the influence of English on Irish The emergence of IrishEnglish 292 Present-day IrishEnglish 296 5.1 The early modern background 5.1.1 Shakespeare and IrishEnglish 296 297 278 xii Detailed ... 5.4.6 Lexical sets for IrishEnglish 316 316 318 322 325 325 326 5.5 Urban IrishEnglish 5.5.1 English in Belfast 5.5.2 English in Derry 5.5.3 English in Coleraine 5.5.4 English in Dublin 332...
... Phonological evidence of early IrishEnglish and Irish The pronunciation of early IrishEnglish can be partially confirmed by various loanwords which appear in Irish after the twelfth century ... responsible for the transfer characteristics of Irish into English is the large section of the Irish- speaking community which switched from Irish to English between the seventeenth and the nineteenth ... efforts of the Irish to speak English and gives examples which show the strong influence of ´ Irish syntax (O Cu´v 1986) This work offers support for the notion that both Irish ı and English literary...
... regarded as distinctively Irish (Trudgill 1986: 140f.) (1) a He mustn’t be Irish as he was born in France b He can’t be Irish as he was born in France IrishEnglish non -Irish English This would appear ... provided by doubly 134 The emergence of IrishEnglish Table 4.4 Category and exponence in Irish and IrishEnglish Category Exponence in IrishEnglish Exponence in Irish Habitual do(es) be + V-ing b´onn ... Possible sources of features in IrishEnglish 2a b Transfer from Irish Dialect forms of English Archaic forms of English Features deriving from the context in which English was learned Features...
... of IrishEnglish Table 4.8 Data sources for the grammatical analysis of IrishEnglish 10 A Collection of Contact English A Survey of IrishEnglish Usage (included in Hickey 2004a) Dublin English ... grammar of IrishEnglish In this section the grammar of IrishEnglish – its morphology and syntax – is to be considered in detail The grammatical structures which are specific to IrishEnglish in ... on IrishEnglish contains remarks on the relative infrequency of the present perfect in IrishEnglish (as early as Hume 1878; see Kallen 1990) This is a category which has no equivalent in Irish...
... a difference between British and Irish realisations of the habitual 222 The emergence of IrishEnglish (122) a south-western British English: b southern Irish English: He work hard He does be ... Developments in IrishEnglish The after-perfective in IrishEnglish appears at the end of the seventeenth century and would seem to have had future reference to begin with (Bliss 1979: 300) Irish scholars ... explain why IrishEnglish ended up with a structure – after-perfective with past reference – which contrasts with the use of after in standard varieties of English 4.4 The grammar of Irish English...
... of Irish parallels to English examples in his data 246 The emergence of IrishEnglish Non-standard uses of prepositions are common in IrishEnglish ... common in Irish English, both in synchronic data and in historical records, e.g Wait till I 266 The emergence of IrishEnglish Table 4.34 Highest acceptance figures (80%+) in A Survey of IrishEnglish ... equivalent to Irish Ce´ rd at´ t´ a l´amh? [what that-is you reading] a a u e 280 The emergence of IrishEnglish Table 4.38 Convergence scenarios in the history of IrishEnglish 1a Source (English) ...
... portrayals of the stage Irishman His function as a foil within English literature is of significance and continued into the twentieth century; see ‘Stage Irishmen and True -Born Irishmen: Irish dramatists ... investigation of IrishEnglish 5.1 The early modern background 299 Literature by non -Irish writers reveals what features of IrishEnglish were ... (Hickey 1986b), occurring even more frequently in Irish (Hickey in press) than IrishEnglish As might be expected it is often found in contact Irish English: the single-farm [ fa ɹə m] payments;...
... Some words with a specific IrishEnglish meaning are homographs with English words of quite a different meaning, e.g callow means in IrishEnglish 5.6 The lexicon of IrishEnglish 363 ‘low-lying ... late 364 Present-day IrishEnglish afternoon: She came home at five in the evening (WER, F85+), a scope also found in the north Irish loans in present-day IrishEnglish Although Irish today is spoken ... to determine how specific features of IrishEnglish were Epilogue 1: IrishEnglish as a second language 377 Table 5.16 Group of non-native speakers of IrishEnglish Country Years in Ireland Number...
... Australian English; see B Taylor (2001: 320f.) and Troy (1992) for a discussion of the early relationship between IrishEnglish and Australian English For examples of first-generation IrishEnglish ... Englishes III: Proceedings of the Third Potsdam Colloquium on Celtic Englishes Raymond Hickey, A Sound Atlas of IrishEnglish Anne Barron and Klaus Schneider (eds.), The Pragmatics of IrishEnglish ... standpoint in IrishEnglish studies where considerable weight is accorded to regional English input to Ireland This stance implies that Irish did not play a central role in the genesis of Irish English...
... 367 Irish loans in American English, 368 Irish loans in general English, 366 Irish loans in Irish English, 364 Irish names in English, 369 Irish use of English lexis, 362 lexicography of Irish English, ... 196, 322 Hiberno -English use of term, IrishEnglish (general) attitudes abandonment of Irish language, 20 consciousness and recognition, 22 history, 19 British English and Irish English, 21 code-switching, ... 1994 English in Ireland’, in Burchfield (ed.), pp 148–96 1996 ‘Entering lexical fields in IrishEnglish , in Klemola, Kyt¨ and Rissanen (eds.), o pp 101–29 1997a IrishEnglish and World English: ...
... _ _) Nowadays, the Irish continue to speak English and they learn Irish There is a famous Irish saying: ‘A country without a language is a country without a soul.’ The Irish have two languages, ... dead and the English victory was complete From that time on, all the affairs of the nation were conducted in English and Irish became the language of the poor The only book published in Irish was ... crucial to the Irish preserving their sense of identity E The end of the eighteenth century marks the death of the Irish language which was replaced by English F It’s not easy to hear the Irish language...
... bands , all in English, and I listen every day ,sometimes for over seven hours a day I am constantly aware of my success with English Cỏch t ỳng: I listen to many rock bands, all in English, and ... true I listen to many rock bands, all in English, and I listen every day, sometimes for over seven hours a day I am constantly aware of my success with English because I can understand the lyrics ... true I listen to many rock bands , all in English, and I listen every day ,sometimes forover seven hours a day.I ma constantly aware ofmy success with english because i cna understand the lyrics...
... work, in or around an English- speaking business environment Your work brings you into regular contact with English- speaking business people You are planning to take a Business English examination ... that they become a part of your 'productive' vocabulary ¼ Use a good general -English dictionary and a good business -English dictionary to check the meanings of new words and expressions (but try ... CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATION 4th edition Rawdon Wyatt A & C Black Ⴇ London...
... is the book for? This book has been written for people whose first language is not English, and who need to use English in the context of banking and finance It covers language useful for working ... definition solicitor a (British English) a person qualified to act as a legal advocate, especially in higher courts barrister b a law firm advocate c (British English) a person qualified to draw ... CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR BANKING AND FINANCE Jon Marks A & C Black Ⴇ London www.acblack.com First...