... access to common property such as coastal/lagoon resources and its water surface area are substantially important However, the management of use rights and access to resources in practice seem to ... and (b) they have experiences with relation to changes in historical lagoon’s utilization and management We used software tools such as Mapinfo 8.5 and Excel in order to modify maps and reckon the ... p.20] According to American standard, total nitrogen (TN) applied to coastal water (TN < 0.9 mg/l), Chinese standard to fish culture (TN < 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l) and Japanese standard to coastal water...
... inserted with (a) isotropic material; (b) nematic LCs with the director not oriented parallel to the polarizer or analyzer The polarizer allows only light polarized along the x-axis to pass, ... pass, while the analyzer allows only light polarized along the y-axis to pass Figure 2.15 (p43) Schematic illustration of surface topography with and without protein bound to a SAM supported on ... 2.3.1 Semiconductor physics To better understand the operation of FETs, it is necessary to know energy bands of semiconductor materials For semiconductor materials, the band with high energy...
... and households have small scale tube wells to withdraw ground water In some cases the waste water is treated with small biogas plants before discharged into the canals Usually the domestic waste ... aquiclude, although with a water saturated layer in the first to 10 m below surface Underneath that Holocene layer is the upper middle Pleistocene aquifer which consists of middle to coarse sand Methods ... In comparison to the ground water situation there are local differences regarding the water quality within Can Tho city and Hau Giang province But additionally and probably more important there...
... in large alluvial valleys, significant down-valley components of flow in the streambed and in the shallow alluvium also may be present (see Box I) 38 Figure 22 In broad river valleys, small local ... infiltrates at land surface moves vertically downward to the water table to become ground water The ground water then moves both vertically and laterally within the ground-water system Movement ... interactions related to bank storage and overbank flooding In addition to bank storage, other processes may affect the local exchange of water between streams and adjacent shallow aquifers Changes...
... the bottom to free surface with respect to vertical axis In contrary the depth-averaged equations derived in this study are derived via integration processes over the depth with respect to the ... also wish to thank Dr Shinchiro Onda for his kind assistance, useful advices especially in the first days of my research life in Kyoto His efforts were helping me to put the first stones to build ... System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Urban Management, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan First of all, I would like to convey my deepest gratitude and sincere thanks to Professor Dr Takashi...
... constitutes 61 tonnes of TDS, 50 tonnes of TSS, tonnes of BOD, 18 tonnes of COD, 19 tonnes of Chloride and tonne of Sulphate (MSE, 2005) 12 494 tonnes/year of TDS, 22 tonnes/year of TSS and 24 tonnes/year ... The total annual pollution load discharged by the units is estimated, based on TNPCB data, to be 1,316 tonnes of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), 94 tonnes of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 169 tonnes ... shifted their cropping pattern to salt tolerant crops (like jasmine, curry leaf, tobacco etc.) and substituted their irrigation source from shallow open wells to deep bore wells and/or river...
... gal/person/d, gallons per person per day; Mgal/d, million gallons per day; , not determined] Proportion Total of town in basin population (percent) Town Acton Berlin Bolton Boxborough Boylston Carlisle ... was about percent of total flow annually Some wastewater that discharges to the river during large storms from increased infiltration to sewers may be partitioned to the storm streamflow component ... the basin Total flow is partitioned into storm and nonstorm components by applying an algorithm that is based on a simple model of streamflow recession that may not apply equally well toall seasons...
... strategy used to stop the expansion of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River essentially comprised the mass release of chemicals between 1955 and the 1980s designed to control the vectors of the ... and a large number of shallow lakes The dams and dikes built to control flooding from the early 1950s through to the end of the 1970s caused almost all of the shallow lakes to become separated from ... shown to Washington State (Lorber et al 2002) The source of dioxhave dermal toxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity ins in the Nanpaiwu River was found to be the production Their toxic...
... left to more sophisticated groundwater modeling software To perform buffers automatically, the user can use the GIS to create buffers dialog within SWPS susceptibility ranking menu option The automatic ... factors The negative loading variable has a meaning opposite to that of the factor The size of the loading is an indication of the extent to which the variable correlates with the factor Tools ... susceptibility model Component A customized interface for study area selection Using customized programming we were able to create a GIS interface to allow users to quickly find locations or define...
... operator immediately sends the PDF file by e-mail to the Authority’s sewer cleaning contractor The entire session from the time the customer called the Authority office took about 30 The operator ... are too numerous to be thanked individually, so I thank them all collectively without mentioning their names Their names are, of course, included in the Reference section Finally, I would like to ... Applications) However, the challenge remains to provide citizens with GIS applications that until recently were only available to professionals If bottom–up decision making is to succeed, all stakeholders...
... the ground compared with aerial photographs that are taken by aircraft from mi above the ground (for low-altitude photography) toto mi above the ground (for high-altitude photography) The chart ... comparison Top left: 0.15-m B&W orthophoto (1993); top right: 0.6-m B&W orthophoto (1998); center left: 1-m color infrared orthophoto (1999); center right: 10-m simulated SPOT; bottom: 30-m Landsat ... processed to remove scale distortion and create an accurate and true -to- scale base map with an accuracy of ±1.25 ft Waterlines have also been plotted on the digital orthophoto USGS Digital Orthophotos...
... 2000) TOPAZ TOPAZ is a software system for automated analysis of landscape topography from DEMs (Topaz, 2000) The primary objective of TOPAZ is the systematic identification and quantification of topographic ... visual aid to displaying the hydraulic model results Most importantly, such graphics can be easily understood by system operators without the extensive training that is usually required to understand ... effective tools for public- and town-meeting presentations GIS can be used to create accurate topographic elevation models and generate precise 3D data A DEM is a powerful tool and is usually as...
... example, a Mercedes-Benz driver equipped with TeleAid system can press an SOS button to summon a tow truck, police, or ambulance This button uses GPS technology to transmit the specific location, model, ... server to create the data requested by the dispatcher and to deliver the information to the drivers mobile device This application allows the dispatcher to view a map of the entire fleet to better ... available toall users GPS precision can vary from a few millimeters to hundreds of meters The required precision depends on the project-specific requirements The available precision varies with GPS...
... in addition to the traditional CAD work, Autodesk’s AutoCAD 2000i enables users to collaborate with design professionals anywhere in the world and move the designs and processesto their companies’ ... or rehabilitation projects by providing all involved parties instant access to current information and allowing them to disseminate information automatically and immediately A Web site also eliminates ... wireless technology and GPS to allow data products to be distributed to a mobile workforce with personal digital assistants (PDAs) and wireless notebooks The future is expected to bring even more integration...
... into the system It also has an “occasionally connected” mode that allows field workers to extract data from the office GIS, view it, and disconnect until it is time to synchronize updates back to ... sketches for ArcGIS, allows data collectors to collect asset locations and attributes in the field as ESRI-compatible GIS files ArcPad Application Builder allows creation of custom field inspection ... slate tablets; pen and touch-screen computers; handheld devices and PDAs; and smart phones (a combination of a PDA and a cell phone) Due to their small screen; limited memory, storage, processing...
... in vector format, scanned images must be converted to a vector format This can be done by heads-up digitization of the scanned maps or by using a process called vectorization that automatically ... base maps: digital orthophotos, planimetric maps, and small-scale maps Digital Orthophotos For laypersons, digital orthophotos (or orthophotographs) are scanned aerial photos For GIS professionals, ... digital elevation models Scan aerial photographs Digitally rectify the scanned photographs to an orthographic projection Produce digital orthophotos Digital orthophotos are popularly used as base maps...
... August 31, 2001 Top left: rainfall at A.M.; top right: rainfall at P.M.; bottom left: rainfall at P.M.; bottom right: attribute table; top center: pixel query window; bottom center: rainfall overlaid ... storm overhang, mass-weighted storm volume, storm area base and top, storm position, and storm tilt • Storm Total Precipitation (STP): A map of estimated storm total-precipitation accumulation ... examples of how to use GIS for installing and maintaining the monitors, and for querying and analyzing the monitoring data REMOTELY SENSED RAINFALL DATA Many watersheds, especially those smaller than...
... stormwater modeling software suite The GeoSTORM system was considered to be a database repository for stormwater-related geography and facilities Using programs like Geo-STORM translated into ... an integrated work environment with data management and customized toolkit capabilities, which includes a graphical user interface (GUI) with menus, tools, and buttons The program features terrain-preprocessing ... by calling them through new pull-down menus and icons The interface method basically automates the data interchange method The automation is accomplished by adding model-specific menus or buttons...