... examined in
principle, but without going too deeoly into the
code.
3.1 Sentence Processing
Firstly, the user types in a sentence in
normal English text, with word boundaries
ind/cated in ... that an increase in intensity
with no corresponding pitch increase was never-
theless heard as a pitch raise. Interestingly
enough, a drop in intensity was not heard as a
drop in pitch, merely ... This is
indeed true in a great number of cases, but by no
means all, as pointed out by Bolinger (Bolinger
1958). For instance, consider the following phrase
(taken to mean "do continue"):...
... modern .NET architectures.
In addition to managing business objects and processing the standard business logic,
every interface method in the Façade validates the incoming arguments, authorizes ... these to their shopping cart. Their
shopping carts can be managed by removing items and changing quantities. In the
shopping cart, shipping costs are computed based on the shipping method selected. ... well as all cart maintenance methods: AddItem, RemoveItem,
ReCalculate, ShippingStrategy. etc.
The remaining types in this project are involved with shipping and shipping calculations.
The...
... playing with great skill) or a noun phrase
(John was going last week), finite verb clauses (John was playing although he was very
tired), non finite verb clauses (John was playing to win), ... structure”
Verb
In English, verb is the main part of verb phrase and always combines with tense
in the sentence. Verb can be intransitive verb, transitive verb or state verb/state of being
verb. In Vietnamese, ... is that the verb in Vietnamese and English sentence is
different. In my opinion, the verb in English sentence is more complex than in
Vietnamese because we must distinguish intransitive verb,...
... SPEECH
Imperatives Direct speech Indirect speech
Affirmative
Imperative
V
1
+ ……
Mike said to Henry, “Come in, please.”
S+ told / asked B + to + V
1
+ ……
Mike told Mary to come in.
Negative
Imperative
Don’t ... Last week / year
→
The next/ following day
→
The day before
→
The following week/ year
→
The previous week / year
B. Practice: I. Change into reported speech: (Imperatives: Câu mệnh lệnh)
1. ... She said to them, “Can you go fishing with me?”
III. Change into reported speech: (Advice: Câu khuyên nhủ)
11.The doctor said to the patient, “You should stay in bed today.”
12.The teacher...
... differences in emission per capita kept declining in last 40 years. The SD indicator
declines from 0.9489 in 1960 to 0.4370 in 2004, and the Theil indicator declines from 0.3491 in 1960 to
0.0629 in ... Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,
100081, China.
5
School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Abstract
In order to find the main ... identifying of driving forces behind the emission
patterns, and discriminating which factors through which ways affect the emission patterns could bring
significant policy implications.
In this...
... design patterns, providing yet another way to
reinforce your learning of these patterns. In addition, you’ll see UML
diagrams of these programs, illustrating the interactions between classes in ... unsigned 8-bit value
short 16-bit integer
int 32-bit integer
long 64-bit integer
float 32-bit floating point
double 64-bit floating point
char 16-bit character
string 16-bit characters
Note ... The Interpreter Pattern 311
Motivation 311
Applicability 311
A Simple Report Example 312
Interpreting the Language 314
Objects Used in Parsing 315
Reducing the Parsed Stack 319
Implementing...
... monitor-
ing levels of agreement during a conversation. In
Proc. of the 26th Penn Linguistics Colloquium.
M. Collins. 2000. Discriminative reranking for nat-
ural language parsing. In Proc. 17th Interna-
tional ... Entropy Ranking
We view the problem as an instance of statisti-
cal ranking, a general machine learning paradigm
used for example in statistical parsing (Collins,
2000) and question answering (Ravichandran ... several empirical analyses in or-
der to determine to what extent contextual informa-
tion helps in discriminating between agreement and
disagreement. By integrating the interpretation of
the pragmatic...
... This indicates that though
3
Binning is the process of dividing the entire range of a
variable into smaller intervals and counting the number of
observations within each bin or interval. In fixed ... for discovering the
global patternsin linguistic networks. These pat-
terns, in turn, are then interpreted in the light of ex-
isting linguistic theories to gather deeper insights
into the nature ... of
them. In contrast, these inventories show excep-
tionally regular patterns across the languages of
the world, which is in fact, a common point of
consensus in phonology. Right from the begin-
ning...
... CRF:All in Table
5). We get about 0.5% increase in accuracy, 76.1%
with a window of size w = 1.
Using larger windows resulted in minor increases
in the performance of the model, as summarized in
Table ... 17th International Conference on Machine
Learning.
A. McCallum. 2003. Efficiently inducing features
of Conditional Random Fields. In Proc. of Un-
certainty in Articifical Intelligence.
T. Minka. ... machine learning. In Proc. of the In-
ternational Conference on Spoken Language Pro-
cessing.
B. Taskar, C. Guestrin, and D. Koller. 2004. Max-
margin markov networks. In Proc. of Advances
in...
... design patterns, providing yet another way to
reinforce your learning of these patterns. In addition, you’ll see UML
diagrams of these programs, illustrating the interactions between classes in ... process of looking for these patterns is called “pattern
mining,” and it is worthy of a book of its own.
The 23 design patterns selected for inclusion in the original Design
Patterns book were ... 8-bit value
short 16-bit integer
int 32-bit integer
long 64-bit integer
float 32-bit floating point
double 64-bit floating point
char 16-bit character
string 16-bit characters
Note that...
... The decoding pro-
cess proceeds as follows:
3.1 Training and decoding
Training data for
ALTERF
is supplied in the form
of a text file containing one example per line, in
the format
1. Initialise ... features.
•
Quantity of training data.
•
Modality (text or speech) of training data.
We randomly divided the training corpus into
ten equal pieces, and trained on subsets ranging
from 10% of the corpus ... Percentage semantic interpretation errors
on in- domain test data for different amounts of
training data and different versions of the system.
Training and test data both inspeech form. "Data"
=...
... utterances used in
training. In some experiments (#1 and 2) we
trained with the entire training set
3
, including sen-
tences without speaker errors, and in others (#3-6)
we trained only on those ... Jelinek. 2008. Linguis-
tic resources for reconstructing spontaneous speech
text. In Proceedings of the Language Resources and
Evaluation Conference, May.
Erin Fitzgerald. 2009. Reconstructing ... ig-
nored for these error tagging experiments.
We approach our training of CRFs in several
ways, detailed in Table 3. In half of our exper-
iments (#1, 3, and 4), we trained a single model
to predict...
... The Singleton Pattern 145
Creating Singleton Using a Static Method 145
Exceptions and Instances 146
Throwing the Exception 147
Creating an Instance of the Class 147
Providing a Global Point ... design patterns, providing yet another way to
reinforce your learning of these patterns. In addition, you’ll see UML
diagrams of these programs, illustrating the interactions between classes in ...
Overloading 89
Virtual and Override Keywords 89
Overriding Methods in Derived Classes 90
Replacing Methods Using New 91
Overriding Windows Controls 92
Interfaces 94
Abstract Classes 95
Comparing...