... hear, and to distinguish the ugly andthe beautiful, the bad andthe good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, ofthe fears and frights which assail ... disordersanddiseasesofthe brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which ... volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus andthe dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the...
... coverage ofdisordersofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthe function ofthe nervous systemand vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... understanding ofthe anatomy and function ofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... original work on the different subjects Understanding ofthe anatomy andthe function ofthe auditory system together with knowledge about thepathophysiologyofthe auditory system are essential...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... between the classical andthe non-classical auditory pathways While the ICC is a part ofthe classical ascending auditory systemthe ICX andthe DC are parts ofthe non-classical auditory systemThe ... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... ofthe fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part ofthe olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea andthe fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... and standard error ofthe mean are shown as a function ofthe intensity ofthe noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end ofthe exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disordersofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on the function ofthe nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... to formation of new bone Now, thecommon treatment of otosclerosis is replacement ofthe middle-ear bones by a prosthesis 212 Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology...
... Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology 7.1 Disordersofthe Brainstem Auditory Pathways Disorders that affect the brainstem nuclei ofthe auditory systemand which ... coherence ofthe nerve activity that reaches the cochlear nucleus The growth ofthe amplitude ofthe reflex response is reduced in 242 Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology ... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe spectrum of broad band sounds from which the...
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some ofthe most diverse and complex disordersofthe auditory systemand their causes are often obscure Often ... conceived the “vocoder” for 274 Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology spectral bands ofthe visual spectrum The three kinds of photo pigment that are present in the ... determined on the basis ofthe output of 16 band-pass filters The output ofthe six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...
... parts ofthe world the primary source of animal protein for humans is finfish The intensive culture of finfish has grown significantly since the 1980s partly because ofthe dramatic decline in the ... predators Ease of daily observation of stocks for better management and early detection and treatment of parasites anddiseases Reduces fish handling and mortalities Easy fish harvest Storage and transport ... and made up of synthetic netting of nylon or polythene fibres reinforced at the corners with polythene ropes The nets are kept stretched vertically with weights at the bottom ofthe cage or fastened...
... recoil ofthe lung (Fig 2) [9] The kyphotic curvature ofthe spine andthe anteroposterior diameter ofthe chest increase with aging, thereby decreasing the curvature ofthe diaphragm and thus ... in the compliance ofthe chest wall, the lung, andtherespiratorysystem between an ‘‘ideal’’ 20-year-old (A) and a 60-year-old subject (B) Note increase in RV and FRC and decrease in slope of ... [37,38] Myasthenia gravis is another cause ofrespiratory muscle weakness, although encountered less commonly Changes in the lung parenchyma and peripheral airways The human respiratorysystem is...
... tubular horn ofthe wall and sole Disordersofthe corium lead to the production of defective white line cement, which predisposes to separation ofthe sole from the wall and allows entry of small ... ankylosis, and then continue a productive life Disordersofthe digital skin and heels Whereas hoof disorders arise from the corium and are largely managemental in origin, diseasesofthe interdigital ... between the rigid hoof wall andthe movement ofthe flexible heel during locomotion A variety of white line abscesses are seen, depending on both the initial site of penetration ofthe infection and...
... ofthe major publications in the field ofthe diagnosis and control of bovine conditions anddiseases In this edition captions have been added to the illustrations for easier orientation ofthe ... discomfort and pyrexia, with erythema and encrustation around the margins ofthe nostrils (3.3) and erythema ofthe teats (3.4), as in this Simmental cow The teats are very painful and may later ... Lesions are commonly seen over the head and neck (3.25), but they may occur on any part ofthe body They consist of circular areas of alopecia in which the skin is thickened and often markedly...
... in the design ofthe study, and collected the data during the experiments BL and PG analysed the data and performed the statistical analysis VD participated in the design andthe coordination of ... Correlation between PaO2 and static compliance oftherespiratory sysand static compliance oftherespiratorysystem (Crs) conditions ofthe present study, but may not be warranted in the clinical setting ... level of PaO2 was obtained at a PEEP of 20 and 15 cm H2O Because one ofthe goals of PEEP is to reach an arterial saturation greater than 90% at the lowest possible FiO2, the monitoring of arterial...
... human and rat CB1 receptor The CB2 antibody was raised against a sequence between the N-terminal andthe first transmembrane domain ofthe protein ofthe human and rat CB2 receptor The specificity of ... marrow stem cells, are the most potent antigen-presenting cells ofthe immune system They play a central role in the initiation of primary immune response and in the enhancement of secondary immune ... for AEA, PalEtn and 2AG, respectively Analysis of cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase To determine the presence ofthe cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) andofthe fatty acid...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... Introduction The disease ofrespiratorysystem is one ofthe most frequent reasons for hospitalization of infants and children Basic knowledge ofthe development and functions ofrespiratorysystem ... ofrespiratorysystem are essential to understand many of these respiratory tract diseases 1.Anatomical characteristics ofrespiratorysystem (1) The upper airway nose; paranasal sinuses; pharynx; ... When the child begins to stand up and walk the diaphram decline gradually to the level of 5th intercostal space (2) Type of respiration In infant → abdominal respiration After the child stands...
... 90–15) and 255 (M+ – 131) The loss of mass 131 results from the scission ofthe C1–C2 and C4–C5 bonds Figure 4C illustrates mass spectra of isolated 7-DHP-MO-TMS, andthe synthesized standard The ... (Invitrogen), andthe isolation of RNA followed the manufacture’s protocol The synthesis of first-strand cDNA was performed using the Superscript preamplification system (Invitrogen) Either lg of total ... investigation on the cutaneous expression of each ofthe components ofthe P450scc enzymatic system In addition, we tested reconstituted and mitochondrial P450scc systems for their ability to...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... deeper understanding ofthe intimate co-evolution of pathogens andthe immune system 10 11 12 13 14 Acknowledgements The author’s research is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, the Medical ... pathogens demanding conflicting response patterns, the fine-tuning effect of multiple allelic variants allows the immune system to be variably calibrated across the population In the absence of infection, ... to the development of damaging immune reactions in autoimmunity and allergy The identification of precise genetic variants controlling both parasite susceptibility and immunopathology offers the...