... hear, and to distinguish the ugly andthe beautiful, the bad andthe good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, ofthe fears and frights which assail ... disordersanddiseasesofthe brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which ... volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus andthe dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the...
... coverage ofdisordersofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthe function ofthenervoussystemand vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... understanding ofthe anatomy and function ofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... anatomy and function ofthe ear, the auditory nervoussystem or on peripheral or central hearing disorders This book covers both anatomy and physiology ofthe ear andthenervoussystemThe book...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... assume that a better understanding of these aspects ofthe function ofthe auditory nervoussystem is important for understanding many disordersofthe auditory systemand it is a necessity for ... anatomy and physiology ofthe auditory nervoussystemof clinical importance Most studies ofthe function ofthe auditory system have aimed at the coding of different kinds of sounds in the auditory ... ofthe fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part ofthe olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea andthe fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... and standard error ofthe mean are shown as a function ofthe intensity ofthe noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end ofthe exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disordersofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on the function ofthenervoussystem may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... in the middle ear andthe cochlea and functional and even morphological changes in the central auditory nervoussystem occur in such disordersThe changes in function ofthe auditory nervous system...
... Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology 7.1 Disordersofthe Brainstem Auditory Pathways Disorders that affect the brainstem nuclei ofthe auditory systemand which ... coherence ofthe nerve activity that reaches the cochlear nucleus The growth ofthe amplitude ofthe reflex response is reduced in 242 Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology ... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe spectrum of broad band sounds from which the...
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some ofthe most diverse and complex disordersofthe auditory systemand their causes are often obscure Often ... conceived the “vocoder” for 274 Section III Disordersofthe Auditory Systemand Their Pathophysiology spectral bands ofthe visual spectrum The three kinds of photo pigment that are present in the ... determined on the basis ofthe output of 16 band-pass filters The output ofthe six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...
... parts ofthe world the primary source of animal protein for humans is finfish The intensive culture of finfish has grown significantly since the 1980s partly because ofthe dramatic decline in the ... predators Ease of daily observation of stocks for better management and early detection and treatment of parasites anddiseases Reduces fish handling and mortalities Easy fish harvest Storage and transport ... and made up of synthetic netting of nylon or polythene fibres reinforced at the corners with polythene ropes The nets are kept stretched vertically with weights at the bottom ofthe cage or fastened...
... tubular horn ofthe wall and sole Disordersofthe corium lead to the production of defective white line cement, which predisposes to separation ofthe sole from the wall and allows entry of small ... ankylosis, and then continue a productive life Disordersofthe digital skin and heels Whereas hoof disorders arise from the corium and are largely managemental in origin, diseasesofthe interdigital ... between the rigid hoof wall andthe movement ofthe flexible heel during locomotion A variety of white line abscesses are seen, depending on both the initial site of penetration ofthe infection and...
... ofthe major publications in the field ofthe diagnosis and control of bovine conditions anddiseases In this edition captions have been added to the illustrations for easier orientation ofthe ... discomfort and pyrexia, with erythema and encrustation around the margins ofthe nostrils (3.3) and erythema ofthe teats (3.4), as in this Simmental cow The teats are very painful and may later ... Lesions are commonly seen over the head and neck (3.25), but they may occur on any part ofthe body They consist of circular areas of alopecia in which the skin is thickened and often markedly...
... human and rat CB1 receptor The CB2 antibody was raised against a sequence between the N-terminal andthe first transmembrane domain ofthe protein ofthe human and rat CB2 receptor The specificity of ... marrow stem cells, are the most potent antigen-presenting cells ofthe immune system They play a central role in the initiation of primary immune response and in the enhancement of secondary immune ... for AEA, PalEtn and 2AG, respectively Analysis of cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase To determine the presence ofthe cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) andofthe fatty acid...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... 90–15) and 255 (M+ – 131) The loss of mass 131 results from the scission ofthe C1–C2 and C4–C5 bonds Figure 4C illustrates mass spectra of isolated 7-DHP-MO-TMS, andthe synthesized standard The ... (Invitrogen), andthe isolation of RNA followed the manufacture’s protocol The synthesis of first-strand cDNA was performed using the Superscript preamplification system (Invitrogen) Either lg of total ... investigation on the cutaneous expression of each ofthe components ofthe P450scc enzymatic system In addition, we tested reconstituted and mitochondrial P450scc systems for their ability to...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... deeper understanding ofthe intimate co-evolution of pathogens andthe immune system 10 11 12 13 14 Acknowledgements The author’s research is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, the Medical ... pathogens demanding conflicting response patterns, the fine-tuning effect of multiple allelic variants allows the immune system to be variably calibrated across the population In the absence of infection, ... to the development of damaging immune reactions in autoimmunity and allergy The identification of precise genetic variants controlling both parasite susceptibility and immunopathology offers the...
... Commission, UK Financial Services Authority, and, in the United States, the Office ofthe Comptroller ofthe Currency, the Securities and Exchange Commission, andthe Federal Reserve. For their joint review, see SSG 2008. ... of life), the Act mandates the formulation of so‐called “living wills” in the form ofthe preparation of resolution plans and credit exposure reports. The Act calls upon the Board of Governors ofthe Fed to require nonbank financial companies and bank ... its assets, all institutions ultimately rely on the banking system for support in the case of a shortfall of cash inflows andthe need to refinance their liabilities. Andthe banking system relies on the Fed. Thus, limiting discount lending to the banks means allowing a liquidity crisis to morph into an insolvency crisis ...
... Near the end ofthe compression stroke, the spark ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture, raising the temperature ofthe gases in the cylinder to the range of few thousands of degrees, and increasing ... supplied to the engine, otherwise known as the “charge” ofthe engine In the scenario where the only method of charging the engine is by the vacuum pressure created by the expanding ofthe combustion ... intake system, to reduce the impact ofthe air restrictor on the entire engine system Location of Engine The dominant design ofthe Formula SAE race car has the engine located in the rear of the...
... THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENDOCRINE DISEASESANDDISORDERSTHE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENDOCRINE DISEASESANDDISORDERS William Petit Jr., M.D Christine Adamec The Encyclopedia of Endocrine DiseasesandDisorders ... complicated than the most sophisticated computer, the endocrine glands andthe other systems ofthe body work together They sense and respond to the numerous minor and major changes in the person’s ... morning coffee xiv The Encyclopedia of Endocrine DiseasesandDisordersThe Endocrine Glands Affect Every Other System in the Body When Problems Occur with the Endocrine SystemThe endocrine glands...
... disease, the primary pathology is in the kidney [1], the major site of Gb3 synthesis in man [11], and in the heart, possibly due to the association of Gb3 synthesis with the microvasculature GSL synthesis ... v) per 100 lL of plasma and then partitioned against ⁄ volume of water The lower phase was dried under a stream of nitrogen gas and then the residue was dissolved in chloroform The sample was ... considered that the increased renal Gb3 ofthe Fabry mouse might extend to the glomerulus to provide a model ofthe human disease In the cortex of wild-type kidney, subpopulations of renal tubules...