p in plug flow reactors
Immobilizing catalysts in continuous flow micro reactors polymer encapsulated metals and engineered biofilms
... RGD : Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate RGDfK : Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate-D-phenylalanine-Lysine SDS-PAGE : Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SPPS : Solid phase peptide synthesis ... successfully applied as carriers are listed in Table 1-1 The properties of the support that need to be evaluated include physical properties (strength, porosity, permeability, shape and form of the support ... alternative to mitigate the problems is to use continuous processes Continuous processes using flow reactors refer to processes in which the products are being produced continuously Since there is no need...
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Electric and hydrogen consumption analysis in plug-in road vehicles
... 2010, pp.199-220 219 Acknowledgements This work was supported through the MIT-Portugal project “Power demand estimation and power system impacts resulting of fleet penetration of electric /plug -in ... Charging (Plug -in) Distance [km] Figure Battery´s state of charge (SOC) of a plug -in electric vehicle with fuel cell Three diferent zones: Charge Depleting (red), Charge Sustaining (green), and plug -in ... 2010, pp.199-220 Most HEVs use the battery pack in a charge sustaining mode (maintaining their SOC nearly constant discharging and charging from the vehicle engine and the regenerative braking...
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Electrochemical Oxidation of Cysteine at a Film Gold Modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Its Application in a Flow—Through Voltammetric Sensor
... (Model 394; EG&G Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, NJ, USA) A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (LC-10 ADvp; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) containing a Rheodyne 7125 injection valve ... disulphide into a dithiol group [2] Thioproline (thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid) is metabolized in vitro by liver mitochondria to produce the ring-opened N-formylcysteine; a reaction reported ... Pulsed amperometric detection was achieved in a home-made flow through cell prepared in our laboratory as previously described [29] to detect cysteine RP-HPLC was performed on a ThermoQuest Hypersil...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 1 pptx
... Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International ... technology in pilot-scale study foresees its promising application in practical wastewater treatment I sincerely hope that the publication of this book will provide a platform for the further development ... invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 2 pptx
... growth force is necessary in order to produce and maintain a compact biofilm structure In an open channel flow biofilm reactor, effective diffusivities increased with increasing glucose (substrate) ... effect of superficial upflow air velocity on the production of sludge polysaccharides (PS) normalized to sludge proteins (PN) (Data from Tay, J H., Liu, Q.S., and Liu, Y 2001a Appl Microbiol ... ON THE PRODUCTION OF CELL POLYSACCHARIDES Referring to chapter 10, extracellular polysaccharides can mediate both cohesion and adhesion of cells and play an essential role in maintaining the...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 3 potx
... over proteins in nitrifying granules In fact, heterotrophic bacteria were also found to overproduce PS at short cycle times (figure 3.15) In addition, the PS/PN ratio in heterotrophic granules ... Lens, P N L., deBeer, D., and Colleran, E 1997 Effect of feed composition and upflow velocity on aggregate characteristics in anaerobic upflow reactors Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 47: 102–107 Pan, ... immobilized cells (see chapter 10) Figure 3.14 displays the effect of cycle time on the ratio of cell polysaccharides (PS) to proteins (PN) of nitrifying granules It is apparent that a short cycle...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 4 ppt
... Wastewater Purification 52 Timer Settling Height Effluent Peristaltic Pump Reactor In uent Peristaltic Pump Air Pump Air FIGURE 4.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system (From Qin, L 2006 Ph.D thesis, ... extracellular proteins (PN) was not significantly influenced by the settling time, ranging from 16.5 to 25.0 mg g–1 VS It appears PS/PN (mg mg–1) 5 10 15 20 25 Settling Time (min) FIGURE 4.5 ... selection pressure in terms of settling time 4.9 EFFECT OF SETTLING TIME ON MICROBIAL POPULATION The effect of settling time on species selection has also been reported By using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 5 potx
... other operating conditions were all maintained at the same levels Feeding pump Substrate 4°C P P P P Discharging pump P Air 80% 60% 40% 20% FIGURE 5.1 Schematics of four SBRs operated at the respective ... different selection pressures in terms of minimum settling velocity of 0.6 and 0.7 m h–1 Even such a marginal difference in the minimum settling velocity could also result in distinct morphologies of ... G T., von Sperling, M., Kim, Y., and Paraskevas, P A 2003 Comparison and evaluation of empirical zone settling velocity parameters based on sludge volume index using a unified settling characteristics...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 6 pptx
... M ps M pw (6.16) p Vps Vpw in which Mpw is the mass of water contained in the bioparticles Combining equations 6.15 and 6.16 yields the following relationship: M ps p w Vps Vpw Vpw Vps Vpw (6.17) ... can be rewritten as: Vpw Vps In fact, the term M pw Vpw M pw p M pw p M ps M pw M ps (6.18) in equation 6.18 is the product of bioparticle density and water content of the bioparticles It is well ... the SVI definition (APHA 1998), its inverse can be expressed as: M ps SVI Vps Vpw (6.13) Vv in which Mps is the dry mass of the bioparticles, Vps is the dry volume of the bioparticles, Vpw is the...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 7 docx
... Singapore Pirt, S J 1965 The maintenance energy of bacteria in growing cultures Proc Royal Soc London Ser B 163: 224–231 Prigogine, I 1967 Introduction to the thermodynamics of irreversible processes ... loading (24 g COD m–2) In fact, these are in good agreement with the Pirt maintenance theory, stating that more substrate will be used for maintenance purposes at lower substrate availability (Pirt ... is produced, that is, the input substrate can be finally respired to carbon dioxide and water, resulting in a lower biomass production (equation 7.7) The higher carbon dioxide production in aerobic...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 8 doc
... needs to be properly controlled in order to maximize their metabolic activity According to Li and Liu (2005), the inflection points in figure 8.10a to d indeed represent a turning point from oxygen ... kinetics of aerobic granules developed in sequencing batch reactors Lett Appl Microbiol 38: 106–112 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2008 by Taylor 147 53671_C008.indd & Francis Group, ... substrate concentration profiles in the reactors containing bioparticles with different sizes It can be seen in figure 8.10 that the simulation is in good agreement with the experimental data When...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 9 pdf
... chain This seems to indicate that the surface property of amino acids can significantly influence the cell surface hydrophobicity 9.2.2.2 Surface Properties of Proteins Proteins are made up of ... Surface Properties of Phospholipids The general structure of biological membranes is a phospholipids bilayer Phospholipids contain both highly hydrophobic (fatty acid) and relatively hydrophilic ... seems to indicate that some proteins can shift between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, depending on actual conditions 9.2.2.3 Surface Properties of Polysaccharides In contrast with protein that...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 10 doc
... coupled with a significant increase in EPS expressed as the ratio of polysaccharides (PS) to proteins (PN), while disappearance of aerobic granules, indicated by a significant decrease in bioparticle ... extracellular polysaccharides over proteins in SBRs, as shown in the preceding chapters The EPS production seems to be positively © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2008 by Taylor 183 53671_C010.indd ... EPS in aerobic granulation Di Iaconi et al (2006) reported that the main component of EPS in aerobic granular biomass in a sequencing batch biofilter reactor was made of proteins, and proteinrich...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 11 ppt
... PS present in the granule core is basically biodegradable In view of the total amount of PS determined in the aerobic granule, it appears that the alpha- or beta-linked PS may not be the dominate ... section by staining with ConA for alpha-linked PS (a); calcofluor white for beta-linked PS (b); and FITC for protein (c) Scale bar: 200 μm (From Chen, M Y., Lee, D J., and Tay, J H 2007 Appl Microbiol ... (figure 11.11) These findings imply that the beta-linked PS are located mainly in the outer shell of the granule In fact, a similar distribution of beta-linked PS was also observed in anaerobic granules;...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 12 pptx
... significant drop in the PS and PN contents occurred as expected It is apparent that all biodegradable EPS produced in the feast phase was completely consumed during the subsequent famine phase Similar ... (chapter 11) In fact, Toh et al (2003) investigated the viability of microflora residing inside aerobic granules using in situ DNA fluorescence staining, in which membrane permeable and nonpermeable ... Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 73: 1463–1469 Decho, A W., Visscher, P T., and Reid, R P 2005 Production and cycling of natural microbial exopolymers (EPS) within a marine stromatolite Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 13 potx
... carbon dioxide gas produced was online measured by the carbon dioxide sensor equipped with the respirometer (figure 13.3) Changes in inorganic carbon in the liquid phase were determined by total organic ... microscope (SEM); meanwhile, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also employed for mapping of calcium distribution (Wang, Li, and Liu 2007) The carbonate localization was determined by ... expressed as: CO2 H 2O CO32 2H (13.7) It should be pointed out that CO2 produced in equation 13.2 can be dissolved into liquid phase according to Henry’s law: © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group,...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 14 doc
... changes in outer membrane protein profiles have been commonly reported during starvation for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, for example starvation of Escherichia coli for potassium and phosphate ... resistance, and alterations in protein expression in the marine Vibrio sp strain S14 during starvation for different individual nutrients Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 55–65 Patel, J J and Gerson, T ... that there are two posstep step step 5, sible pathways leading to aerobic granulation: (1) step and this process is named starvation-driven granulation; (2) step step step step 5, called anaerobic...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 15 doc
... Francis Group, LLC 10/29/07 7:37:54 AM 262 Wastewater Purification pinpoint flocs It should also be pointed out that SRT and F/M ratio are interrelated in the activated sludge process in a way such ... An experimental study by applying different removal methods of sludge Enzyme Microb Technol 39: 976–981 Lin, Y M 2003 Development of P- accumulating microbial granules in SBR Interim Ph.D report, ... Technological University, Singapore Lin, Y M., Liu, Y., and Tay, J H 2003 Development and characteristics of phosphorusaccumulating microbial granules in sequencing batch reactors Appl Microbiol Biotechnol...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 16 ppt
... nitrifying population over the heterotrophic population in aerobic granules developed at different substrate N/COD ratios is shown in figure 16.2 The (SOUR)N/(SOUR)H ratio exhibits an increasing ... trend with the increase of substrate N/COD ratio It has been reported that the activity distribution of the nitrifying population over the heterotrophic population in biofilms was proportionally ... storage polymers, a long anaerobic feeding period has been often practiced followed by an aerobic reaction phase By implementing such an operation strategy in an SBR, selection of slow-growing P- ...
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Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 17 (end) doc
... municipal wastewater was successfully demonstrated in a pilot-scale plant in the Netherlands (De Bruin et al 2004) Two column SBRs m in height and 0.6 m in diameter were operated in parallel treating ... cells instead of granules Thus, a low granule surface loading rate might be applied for the reactor startup in order to prevent the outgrowth of sludge flocs, particularly during the initial period ... conditions in the two reactors It is believed that the initial disappearance of aerobic granules and dominant growth of bioflocs in the pilot-scale SBR was likely linked to the prevailing hydrodynamic...
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