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oxford picture dictionary free download second edition

Dictionary of Engineering Second Edition ppt

Dictionary of Engineering Second Edition ppt

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... McGraw-Hill Dictionary ofEarth Science Second Edition McGraw-HillNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico ... McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science provides a compendium of more than10,000 terms that are central to the broad range of disciplines comprisingearth science. The coverage in this Second Edition ... this Dictionary is important for an appreciation of its literature andapplications.All of the definitions are drawn from the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific andTechnical Terms, Sixth Edition...
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Dictionary of Engineering - Second Edition doc

Dictionary of Engineering - Second Edition doc

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... vı¯bra¯иshənsəpreshиən} əlиəst }8How to Use the Dictionary ALPHABETIZATION. The terms in the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Engineering, Second Edition, are alphabetized on a letter-by-letter basis; ... McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Engineering provides a compendium of more than18,000 terms that are central to the various branches of engineering and relatedfields of science. The coverage in this Second Edition ... mathematical, engineering, and scientific data.It is the editors’ hope that the Second Edition of the McGraw-Hill Dictionary ofEngineering will serve the needs of scientists, engineers, students,...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 1 potx

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 1 potx

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... Development© 2002 Donald RutherfordRoutledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition The most informative dictionary of economics available, the Routledge Dictionary ofEconomics avoids the tendency ... capacity and K is thecapital stock in year t.© 2002 Donald RutherfordRoutledge Dictionary ofEconomics Second edition Donald RutherfordLondon and New York© 2002 Donald RutherfordintheChinesecurrency,therenminbi.2Usuallyanon-votingshareoftheequitycapitalofaUKcompany.Theseshareshavebeencreatedtoenablethefoundersofacompanytoretaincon-trol.AsharestradeatlowerpricesthanBsharesastheyareuselesstoothercompaniesattemptingtogaincontrolofthecompany.GraduallytheseshareshavebeenaccordedvotingrightsastheLondonStockExchangeregardsthemasunfair.AsianDevelopmentBank(G2)Bankfoundedin1966withcapitalprovidedbyAsiancountries,theUSA,Canada,theUKandWestGermanyontherecommendationoftheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforAsiaandtheFarEast.Itcovershalfoftheworld’spopulation.ItisbasedinManilla,thePhilippines,andisdominatedbytheJapanese,thelargestcontributorofitscapital.Itsconserva-tivelendingpolicyhaschieflyfavouredloansforspecificprojects,e.g.tobuildports,roadsandbridges,ratherthansectorallendingtorestructuretroubledeconomies.Ithasincreaseditslendingtotheprivatesectorandhasajointventurewithcommercialbanks,theAsianFinanceandInvestmentCor-poration(AFIC).Asianoption(G1)ADERIVATIVEsettledincashwhosepay-offisrelatedtotheaveragepriceoftheunderlyingassetinacertaintimeperiod.Alsoknownasanaverageoption.Asiaticmodeofproduction(P0)Themostprimitiveformofproduction,accordingtoMARX,inwhichself-sufficientagriculturalcommunitiesaredespoticallygoverned.Thestate,throughtaxation,appropriatestheeconomicsurplusoftheagriculturalsectortofinancethebuildingofthecountry’sinfrastructure.Thecon-ceptwasdevelopedinthe1950sand1960stoexaminemoreaspectsofstateforma-tionandtheformationofclassesinprimitivecommunities.ReferencesKrader,L.(1975)TheAsiaticModeofProduction,Assen,TheNetherlands:VanGorcum.Marx,K.(1964)Pre-capitalistEconomicFormations,ed.E.Hobsbawm,London:Lawrence&Wishart.O’Leary,B.(1989)TheAsiaticModeofProduction:OrientalDespotism,Histor-icalMaterialismandIndianHistory, Oxford: BasilBlackwell.askprice(G0)ThesellingpriceofaSECURITYsetbyafinancialinstitution.Seealso:bidpriceasset(D0,G0)1Aresourcewithamarketvalue.2Aunitofwealthcapableofearninganincome.3Alargeenoughestatetodischargetheburdenonanheirorexecutor.Real(ortangible)assetsincludelandandmachinery;intangibleassetsincludegood-willandpatents;financialassetsincludecashandstockmarketsecurities.Seealso:nationalwealth;wealthassetcard(G1)ADEBITCARD.assetmotive(E4)Amotiveforholdingmoney.Toavoidriskyinvestments,peoplearepreparedtosacrificehighreturnsbykeepingtheirportfoliosinaliquidornear-liquidform.Seealso:speculativedemandformoneyassetspecificity(G0)Theuniquecharacterofadurableasset,e.g.amachine,askilledworkeroraproductionsite,whichmeansthatithasalowreturninotheruses.FormanyspecificassetsthecostofemployingthemisinthenatureofaSUNKCOST.Seealso:economicrent;transferearnings© ... been sweeping developments in economics in the decade since theappearance of the first edition of the dictionary and the new version reflects this byincluding a wealth of material on additional...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 2 doc

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 2 doc

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... Proxymeasuresofutility,e.g.theamountofmoneywhichapersonispreparedtogiveuptoobtainxamountofagood,haveallbeenconsideredtooindirect.Seealso:ordinalutility;revealedprefer-ences;utilityReferencesMajumdar,T.(1961)TheMeasurementofUtility,LondonandNewYork:Mac-millan.carer(I3)Anunpaidfamilyworkerwhoprovidesnursinganddomesticcaretoyoung,in-firmorelderlyrelatives.Moralobligationisthebasisforundertakingthiswork.CaribbeanBasinInitiative(F0)Anarrangementagreedin1984togiveexportsofcountriesoftheCaribbeanregiontariff-freeaccesstotheUSA.CaribbeanCommunity(F0)Acommonmarketwithagriculturalandindustrialintegrationfoundedin1973insuccessiontotheCaribbeanFreeTradeArea(1968–73).ThemembersareAngu-illa,Antigua,Barbados,Belize,Dominica,Grenada,Guyana,Jamaica,Montserrat,StKitts-Nevis,StLucia,StVincent,Trini-dadandTobago.CaribbeanDevelopmentBank(G2)DEVELOPMENTBANKfoundedin1970con-sistingofseventeenmembercountriesfromtheCaribbeanregionaswellasCanadaandtheUK.caringsociety(D6,P0)seealtruism;welfarestatecarry-back,carry-forwardsystem(H2)Ataxsystemwhichpermitsbusinessestocarrynetoperatinglossesbackorforwardagainstpastorfuturegainsinincomeorcapitalappreciation.carryingcapacity(J1)Theabilityofaparticularareatosustainapopulationataspecifiedlevelofsubsis-tence,usuallyspecifiedasthenumberofpersonsperunitofland.cartalist(E4)Apersonbelievingthatthevalueofacurrencydependsonthepoweroftheissuingauthorityandnotonitsintrinsicvalueoritsconvertibilityintogold.Seealso:BankingSchool;fiatmoney;metallistcarte ... Lon-don: Methuen.Hollander, S. (1987) Classical Economics, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.O’Brien, D.P. (1975) The Classical Econo-mists, Oxford: Clarendon Press.classical model (E1)A formal macroeconomic ... Brazilian economy.Collor I was launched in 1990, Collor II in1991. The plans included wage and pricefreezes to combat inflation rising at 1,800per cent; they were named after FernandoCollor, President...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 3 pps

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 3 pps

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... relativefreedom to develop a variety of financialinstruments, unlike theMONO-BANKS ofSoviet-type economies whose role waslimited through subservience to a systemof central planning.The Second ... Rutherfordandunfilledvacancies.Indicatorsofout-putshowthegrowthofproductionofprincipalindustries;indicatorsofexternaltradeincludeindicesofexportandimportvolume,thevisibleandcurrentbalancesandthetermsoftradeplusthesizeoftheofficialreserves;financialindicatorsin-cludechangesinvariousmeasuresoftheMONEYSUPPLY.Inflationindicatorsincludethoseforretailprices,basicmaterialsandwholesalepricesofmanufacturedpro-ducts.Seealso:coincidentindicatorseconomicinstitution(P0)1Anorganizationwhichisacomponentofaneconomy.2AsystemofPROPERTYRIGHTS.3Anormofeconomicbehaviour.4Adecision-makingunit.5Atypeofcontract,e.g.aformofinsurancetocoveraparticularsortofrisk.ReferencesWiles,P.J.D.(1977)EconomicInstitutionsCompared ,Oxford: BasilBlackwell.economicintegration(F0)Thejoiningtogetherofeconomicactiv-ities,especiallythetradeofseveralcoun-tries.Thiscantakedifferentforms,including FREE- TRADEAREAS,CUSTOMSUN-IONS,COMMONMARKETSandfederationsofnationaleconomies.Differentformsofintegrationcanbedistinguishedbytheextenttowhichindividualnationalgov-ernmentsretainindependenceindecisionmaking.Seealso:EuropeanMonetarySystemeconomicjournals(A1)Thelearnedacademicperiodicals,mostlypublishedquarterly,containingarticlesandbookreviews,which,bypresentingtheresearchfindingsoftheeconomicsprofession,givetheclearestindicationofthepresentstateofthesubject.Someofthem,e.g.theAmericanEconomicReview,attempttocoverallbranchesofeconom-ics,butincreasinglyjournalsspecializinginaparticularbranchofthedisciplinehavebeenfounded.Manyeconomistsonlypublisharticlesandavoidpublishingbooksbecauseofthegreatstatusthejournalshaveattainedintheeconomicsprofession.Recentlymanyoftheseperiod-icalshaveaddedassessmentsofcomputersoftwaretotheirbookreviews.Thelead-ingacademicjournalsofeconomicsin-cludeAmericanEconomicReview,BankofEnglandQuarterlyReview,Economica,EconomicJournal,JournalofIndustrialEconomics,JournalofPoliticalEconomy,ManchesterSchoolofEconomicandSocialStudies,NationalInstituteEconomicRe-view,OxfordEconomicPapers,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,ReviewofEconomicStudies,ReviewofEconomicsandStatis-tics.Seealso:financialjournalismeconomicjustice(D6)Distributivejusticebasedonfullyin-formedandvoluntarytransactions.SinceAristotle’sNicomacheanEthicsmanyeco-nomicwritingshaveassertedtheimpor-tanceofensuringthatexchangeisfairtobothpartiesandthatthefruitofproduc-tionshouldbedistributedtofactorsofproductionaccordingtotheirrelativein-puts.Seealso:Rawlsianjusticeeconomic ... primarysector with better jobs and a secondarysector with inferior jobs. The primary sectorconsists of large firms offering training andhigh remuneration but the secondary sectorhas many small...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 4 ppsx

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 4 ppsx

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... UK in which six freeportschemes were launched in 1984. Freeportswere popular as far back as the MiddleAges, when they were known as ‘staples’.Seealso:in-bondmanufacturing free rider (D1, ... goods the free- riderproblem has resulted in the finance ofsuch goods by general taxation; undertrade unionism, the existence of free ridershas led to demands for aUNION or CLOSEDSHOP. free ... Press.Corden, W.M. ( 1974) Trade Policy andEconomic Welfare, Oxford: ClarendonPress. free- trade area (F1)A group of independent nations with free trade among them, but not necessarilywith a joint...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 5 potx

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 5 potx

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... Sadowski, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.—— (1987) Selected Essays on EconomicPlanning, Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-versity Press.Osiatinsky, J. (1990 onwards) The Col-lected Works of M. Kalecki, Oxford: Oxford ... society.Seealso:Ginicoefficient;LorenzcurveReferencesAtkinson, A.B. (1982) The Economics ofInequality, 2nd edn, Oxford: ClarendonPress.Sen, A. (1997) On economic inequalilty,2nd edn, Oxford and New York: Clar-endon Press.Silber, J. (ed.) (1999) ... The Structure of theAmerican Economy, 2nd edn, New York: Oxford University Press.—— (1986) Input-Output Economics, 2ndedn, New York: Oxford University Press.input trade (F1)International trade...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 6 doc

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 6 doc

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... rates could freely move to estab-lish their market values was limited by theintervention ofCENTRAL BANKS.Seealso:dirtyfloatmanaged trade (F1)The abandonment of a free market and FREE TRADE ... Reader,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Freedman, R. (ed.) (1962) Marx on Eco-nomics, Harmondsworth: Penguin.Junankar, P.N. (1982) Marx’s Economics, Oxford: Philip Allan.McLellan, D. (1973) ... the slope ofanINDIFFERENCE CURVE.ReferencesHicks, J.R. (1939) Value and Capital, ch. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press.marginal rate of transformation (D2)The reduction in the amount of...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 7 doc

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 7 doc

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... A.B. (1983) The Economics ofInequality, 2nd edn, Oxford: ClarendonPress.Phelps Brown, E.H. (1977) The Inequalityof Pay, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.personal sector liquid ... Firm, Oxford: BasilBlackwell.© 2002 Donald Rutherfordprecise formulation to MARSHALL, althoughthe idea was present in the works ofMUNand John Stuart MILL.price flexibility (D0)Complete freedom ... of productprices. There has been a variety of suchpolicies in France: price freezes, targetaverage prices with freedom to vary indi-© 2002 Donald Rutherfordstability of this distribution...
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Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 8 doc

Routledge Dictionary of Economics Second edition phần 8 doc

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... for his works onEXPECTATIONS. After an education at NewCollege, Oxford, and the London Schoolof Economics, he worked at the Oxford Institute of Statistics and, during the war,in the Economic ... thereturns to schooling.ReferencesRoy, A.D. (1951) ‘Some thoughts on thedistribution of earnings’, Oxford Eco-nomic Papers, New Series 3: 135–46.Selective Employment Tax (H2, O4)A tax designed ... G.C. (1988) Joan Robinson,Brighton: Wheatsheaf.Robinson, J. (1951–80) Collected EconomicPapers, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.—— (1969) The Accumulation of Capital,2nd edn, London: Macmillan.—— (1969)...
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