overnutrition and chronic activation of the innate immune system

Báo cáo khóa học: Collectins Players of the innate immune system docx

Ngày tải lên : 07/03/2014, 15:20

... carbohydrate ligands on the microbial surface [83] on the one hand, and on the degree of oligomerization of the collectin [66], on the other Clustering of glycoproteins or glycolipids on the surface of microorganisms ... Complement activation Binding of MBL to microorganisms can result in inactivation of the organism by activation of the complement cascade [93,94] On the other hand, by binding to C1q and thereby ... rather weak afﬁnity for immobilized saccharide ligands [33]: the Kd of the binding of a single C-type CRD with a monosaccharide ligand is in the order of 10)3 M, whereas the Kd of binding of...

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Báo cáo y học: " Characterization of the innate immune response to chronic aspiration in a novel rodent model" ppsx

Ngày tải lên : 12/08/2014, 15:21

... to the macrophage in the right lung is shown as a function of time In the inset, the ratio of macrophages in the left to the macrophages in the right lung is shown for all rats, regardless of the ... accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the National Academy of Sciences and published by the National Institutes of Health Protocols were approved by the Duke ... gastric fluid in their left lung, the left lung of rats receiving normal saline in their left lung, the right lung of rats receiving gastric fluid in their left lung, and the left lung of rats receiving...

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Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: Biotrauma and modulation of the innate immune response" pps

Ngày tải lên : 12/08/2014, 20:21

... body of evidence in support of the theory that mechanical ventilation may sensitize the innate immune system and that, in turn, the innate immune system may sensitize the lungs to the effects of ... interaction between the innate immune system and mechanical injury may be required for the development of the full-blown lung injury phenotype of VILI 282 Using a rat model of cecal ligation perforation, ... effects of cyclic stretch [46] Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are among the most important effector cells of the innate immune system Because of the consistent association between PMNs and...

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Báo cáo y học: " Lack of effect of glutamine administration to boost the innate immune system response in trauma patients in the intensive care unit" pdf

Ngày tải lên : 14/08/2014, 07:21

... TLRs play a central role in the activation of the innate system, hence leading to the activation of different intracellular signalling cascades involved in the activation of host defence mechanisms, ... Phagocytosis of pathogens also relies on the activation of TLRs [28] The phagocytic capability of both groups studied before the beginning of the treatment, or at the end of the treatment (Day 6) or at Day ... selected and were included consecutively as the different parts of the study were performed The patients enrolled in the different sets of assays were homogenous in terms of severity and age Page of...

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the origin and early development of the chinese writing system

Ngày tải lên : 03/04/2014, 13:25

... straightforward and comprehensible way the facts as I see them surrounding the origin and formation of the Chinese script in the second half of the second millennium B.C., and of its reformation and standardization ... representation of the verb is non-standard What such a usage of the graph (8) shows is that the link between the graph and the semantic aspect of the original word, schematically the G-S leg of the G-P-S ... describe the nature and internal structure of the Chinese script from the time of its invention in the middle of the Shang age down to the period of its sl3.ndardization in the Han, and to dispel...

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báo cáo hóa học:" Angiostatin anti-angiogenesis requires IL-12: The innate immune system as a key target" docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 15:20

... expression of IL-12 mRNAs for both the p40 and p35 IL-12 subunits (Fig 4), in the case of p40 to levels close to that induced by differentiation with IFNγ and LPS The expression of other markers of differentiated ... fragments of proteins that normally have independent functions The immune system is capable of sensing at least some forms of proteolytically generated peptides [34], a role for the immune system in the ... function of this class of angiogenesis inhibitors could be speculated, in keeping with the immunomodulatory properties of the calreticulin fragment vasostatin [35] Thus the role of the immune system...

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Báo cáo y học: "Comparative genomic analysis of the Tribolium immune system" pps

Ngày tải lên : 14/08/2014, 08:20

... Figure Expansion of the clip-domain family of SPs and SPHs in the T castaneum genome Expansion of the clip-domain family of SPs and SPHs in the T castaneum genome The catalytic and proteinase-like ... molecular mechanisms and evolutionary pathways of the large serpin and SP gene clusters in the beetle The presence of TcToll-1 through -4 and subtle changes in their mRNA levels after immune challenges ... and H29, P135 through P139 Some of them (P9, P135 and P139) have no clip domain and, thus, are not shown in the figure sequence In the aligned coding regions (2,052 nucleotides long), 21 of the...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spatzle in the innate immune response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta ppt

Ngày tải lên : 06/03/2014, 09:22

... Sizes and positions of the molecular weight markers are indicated on the left of Spatzle-C108 (Fig 8A) Analysis of tryptic peptides ¨ from these bands by MS ⁄ MS and mascot software identiﬁed them ... perform immune functions This mechanism leads to activation of phenoloxidase, which oxidizes catechols, leading to the formation of toxic quinones and melanin [1,2], and to the activation of cytokines ... C An et al Manduca sexta Spatzle ¨ Introduction A prominent feature of the innate immune systems of insects is the activation of serine proteinase cascade pathways in...

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Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: Functional relationships between coagulation and the innate immune response and their respective roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis" ppsx

Ngày tải lên : 12/08/2014, 19:21

... integument of the animal, and it seals off the injured area from the remainder of the crab’s open circulatory system The animal will often clot off and sacrifice an entire extremity (they have ... The coagulation system is integrally related to the innate immune response, and its activation and regulation is dependent on local and systemic immune responses The simultaneous activation of ... consumption of clotting factors and widespread deposition of fibrin clots throughout the microcirculation [2,19–21] The actions of the human coagulation system and the innate immune system are...

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Báo cáo y học: " Early alterations of the innate and adaptive immune statuses in sepsis according to the type of underlying infection" docx

Ngày tải lên : 13/08/2014, 20:22

... [7] The aim of the study was to identify if the early statuses of the innate and adaptive immune systems of septic patients differ in relation to the underlying type of infection stimulating the ... located either in the cell membrane or inside the cytoplasm of blood monocytes and tissue macrophages Endotoxins of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan of the cell wall of Gram-positive ... endotoxemia and in patients with melioidosis and bacteremia [22] Increase of the absolute counts of NK cells was a profound change of sepsis due to CAP The rate of apoptosis of NK cells and of NKT...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Golgi reassembly stacking protein 55 interacts with membrane-type (MT) 1-matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and furin and plays a role in the activation of the MT1-MMP zymogen pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/02/2014, 04:20

... expression induces formation of a MT1-MMP–furin complex The interaction on the one hand between MT1-MMP and GRASP55 and on the other hand between GRASP55 and furin led us to hypothesize that GRASP55 ... important role in the formation of the MT1-MMP–furin complex; therefore, 3168 disruption of the interaction between GRASP55 and furin should perturb the activation of pro-MT1-MMP and reduce MT1-MMP ... with the bulk of activation being GRASP55-independent The interaction observed between GRASP55 and PC5/ 6B or PC7 together with the potential role of these proprotein-convertases in MT1-MMP activation...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Activation of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor The contribution of residues aArg55 and cGlu93 ppt

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 07:20

... Representation of the extracellular domains of the c–a subunits based on the crystal structure of AChBP The positions of cE93 and aR55 at the subunit interface are indicated and modeling suggests that these ... with such a mechanism The most parsimonious explanation of the loss of the potentiating effect in the mutant receptor is that the mutation results in the loss of the ability of dTC to act as such ... agonist of the WT nAChR and it elicits a maximum current of only 1.5 ± 0.1% of the ACh response (data not shown) The WT receptor was activated by PTMA with an EC50 of 57 lm and a Hill coefﬁcient of...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khóa học: Quantitative analysis, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, of the N-terminal hydrolysis and cyclization reactions of the activation 2 process of onconase pdf

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 12:20

... (M23L) by the addition of AAP, as described in the Materials and methods Completion of the hydrolysis was conﬁrmed by the disappearance of the (Met1)-ONC (M23L) signal in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra ... analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS The addition of the protease is considered the zero time point The relative intensities of the peaks from the mass spectra were used to calculate the fraction of Pyr-ONC (M23L), ... simultaneously interacts with the main phosphate of the substrate [32] The closer positioning of the N-terminus to the main protein body is essential for the activity and, together with the 87–104 disulﬁde...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure and solution characterization of the activation domain of human methionine synthase doc

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 09:21

... is the measure of the fluorescence intensity in the absence of the activation domain, E0 is the concentration of the FMN domain, L denotes the concentration of the activation domain added to the ... concentration of the activation domain and the curves show the best fit of the data to the quadratic Eqn (1) Table lists the calculated dissociation constants for the wild-type and D963E ⁄ K1071N alone and ... Titration of the activation domain of MS (both the D963E ⁄ K1071N mutant and wild-type proteins) with the FMN domain of human MSR resulted in a quenching of the fluorescence emission spectra of the...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism for transcriptional synergy between interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 in activation of the interferon-b gene promoter docx

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 13:20

... and the lack of viability resulting from gene targeting of either p300 or CBP places restrictions on the use of mammalian cells to dissect the activation mechanism of the IFN-b gene The IFN system ... depends on the promoter context, which refers both to the speciﬁc arrangement of the cis-acting elements in the promoter and to the nature of the factors they bind To investigate the effect of promoter ... binding to other GST–p300/ CBP fusions did not exceed 0.5% of input By contrast, p65 bound strongly to the N-, C1- and C2-regions of p300, and to the N- and C2-regions of CBP Thus, the bulk of the interaction...

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Báo cáo khoa học: Upstream and intronic regulatory sequences interact in the activation of the glutamine synthetase promoter pot

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 20:22

... consist of the sum of a basal activity (produced by the promoter and minimized intron), the effects of the respective upstream (X) and intron (Y) modules, and the interaction (X,Y) between these ... sequences of the upstream region and of the rst 1938 nucleotides of the rst intron of the rat GS gene were reported [5,6] This intron sequence ends at the EcoRI restriction site (Fig 1) The remaining ... X;Yị In this model, the value of the main effects of the upstream and intron modules, and that of their interactions can be calculated with an approach based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA)...

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Báo cáo khoa học: TNFR1-induced activation of the classical NF-jB pathway Harald Wajant1 and Peter Scheurich2 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 28/03/2014, 23:20

... of the kinase activity of the IKK complex and proteolytic degradation of IjB proteins The alternative NF-jB pathway is activated by a limited subgroup of TNF ligands and involves activation of ... crucial role of K63-ubiquitination of the RING domain of TRAF2 for recruitment of the IKK complex into the TNFR1signaling complex and activation of the NF-jB pathway [29] However, there is also ... IKK complex and activation of the classical NF-jB pathway Instead, we gain more and more evidence that recruitment, modiﬁcation and activation and inactivation of the E3 ligases and kinases involved...

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Báo cáo khoa học: PKA independent and cell type speciﬁc activation of the expression of caudal homeobox gene Cdx-2 by cyclic AM pptx

Ngày tải lên : 30/03/2014, 16:20

... tested the effect of H-89, a known inhibitor of PKA, on the expression of both the proglucagon gene promoter and the Cdx-2 gene promoter in the PKA active GLUTag cell line As shown in Fig 5, the ... observations, we further investigated the involvement of PKA in Cdx-2 expression First, we compared the effects of PKAc cotransfection on the expression of the Cdx-2 promoter vs the proglucagon gene ... understanding the function of the second messenger cAMP [32,35,36,40] A GEF molecule may serve as a bridge between cAMP and small GTPases, including Ras, Rap1 and Rap2, leading to the activation of...

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Báo cáo y học: "CD14 mediates the innate immune responses to arthritopathogenic peptidoglycan–polysaccharide complexes of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls" docx

Ngày tải lên : 09/08/2014, 01:23

... swelling of individual digits; = moderate swelling and redness of ankle or wrist joints; = swelling and redness of at least two joints; and = swelling of the whole paw According to this system, the ... concentration of 20 µg/ml The left column shows immunostaining of the p65 (RelA) subunit of NF-κB, and the right column shows counterstaining of nuclei with Hoechst 33342 The rows show the following: ... tendon, toes, and surrounding soft tissues Extensive deposition of fibrinous exudate in the tibio-tarsal joint and in the bursa of the Achilles' tendon was also observed There was neither pannus...

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báo cáo khoa học: " Activation of the hedgehog pathway in chronic myelogeneous leukemia patients" ppt

Ngày tải lên : 10/08/2014, 10:20

... [24] At the current time, there is still much to learn about the role of Hh signaling pathway in the development and progression of CML, and further studies will be required to understand the biological ... CML Further analysis of the data revealed an association of Hh signaling activation with progression of CML We compared the transcript levels of Hh and its receptors in patients with CML in chronic ... comparing the ratio of PCR products of the target cDNA segments and the b-Actin cDNA segment as a reference Statistical analysis The data are presented as means ± SEM The differences between the mean...

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