... Open your eyes and allow
The 12 Gifts of Life and ofChristmas to cut through the shifting
shadows of all which may distract you. Therein you’ll find a life of
grace filled with all 12 Gifts and ... the attractions of the latest toy … the noise of the loudest
hawker … the charms of the most alluring seduction? Can it not be
that an occasional closing of our eyes and quieting of our minds ... about the deeper meaning of the well-
known Christmas carol, The 12 Days of Christmas.
Many believe the 12 Gifts described in the song (i.e. a partridge in a
pear tree) are just nonsensical...
... the normal monotony of plantations comprised of parallel lines of thousands of
identical trees – eucalyptus, pine, acacia – is added the array of small pots hanging on the tree
trunks into which ... each tree pruned, each cubic metre of wood cut,
each kilo of oil palm fruit picked, each section of rubber tree plantation harvested, etc.
Workers must achieve an extremely high level of output ... some of the most varied biodiversity
in the world. Today one can still see the enormous stumps of native trees between the rubber
trees and even large tree trunks rotting in the middle of the...
... set of all nodes in the left (right)
portion of some tree in
IuA.
Note that the three sets
Middle-nodes, Left-nodes and Right-nodes
constitute
a partition of the set of all nodes of trees ...
finite set of non-terminal symbols, Vy is a finite set
of terminal symbols, Se VN is the start symbol, 1
and A are two finite sets of trees, called
initial trees
and
auxiliary trees
respectively. ... of
elementary trees
(for a detailed
description of TAGs, see (Joshi, 1985)). TAGs can
cope with various kinds of unbounded dependencies
in a direct way because of their extended domain of...
... element of
interlace is in the form of a knot of a pattern that we have already discussed.
Besalu, Sant Vicenc – Detail of capital on South door
The addition of a small element of interlace ... the popularity of the
pattern for chancel screens at that time. It is perhaps worthy of note that the use of the
39
relegated to the margins of main sculptures or to parts of the structure ... on South wall of choir
One of the finest examples of interlace that is probably from the Carolingian period is to
be seen on a cross that is from the top of the West faỗade of the church...
... are conserved features of
a number of archaeal originsof replication and this
has allowed the prediction of the localization of repli-
cation origins in a diverse range of archaea. Interest-
ingly, ... position of the origin of replica-
tion in Pyrococcus, providing the first experimental
proof of a localized origin of replication in the archaea
[52]. Interestingly, in a situation reminiscent of that ... been learnt about the nature of initiators
and originsof replication, particularly in simple model
systems. However, many of the molecular details of
the basis of origin selection remain poorly...
... mere recounting of data and
towards an understanding of the role of sport in the creation of class culture and,
Int roduct i on xv
Halifax walked off the pitch in the midst of a game at Heckmondwike ... a customs
officer and a future Justice of the Peace.
37
The narrowness of the social strata upo n which these clubs were based can
also be seen from the family relationships of many of the clubs’ ... the creation of the sport of rugby
league.
Yet despite a growing body of scholarly research into the history of sport,
Renan’s remark remains irritatingly true, and especially so of rugby union....
... presented
in Figure 1.
3 Application oftree transducers
Now let us revisit these strategies in the setting
of trees and tree transducers. Imagine we have a
tree or set of trees as input that can be represented
as ... t
i+1
, . . . , t
k
).
The size of a tree t, size(t) is |pos(t)|, the car-
dinality of its position set. The yield set of a tree
is the set of labels of its leaves: for a tree t, yd (t)
= {t(v) | v ... the
sum of the weights of all (possibly infinitely many)
derivations of (s, t) in M . The composition of two
weighted tree transformations : T
ìT
R
+
and à : T
ìT
R
+
is the weighted tree...
... Example of intertwined links that cannot be binarized. No two links can be isolated in both trees in a tree
pair. Note that in tree pair γ
1
, any set of three links may be isolated while in tree ... syn-
chronous tree pairs of G and L
G
is the maximum
number of links in a synchronous tree pair in Y .
Consider a synchronous tree pair γ = γ
L
, γ
R
with L links. If M is the number of maximal ... L
3
G
)
time where L
G
is the maximum number of
links in any single synchronous tree pair in
the grammar and Y is the set of synchronous
tree pairs of G.
1 Introduction
Tree- adjoining grammar is a widely...
... Learning of a Tree Substitution Grammar
Matt Post and Daniel Gildea
Department of Computer Science
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY 14627
Abstract
Tree substitution grammars (TSGs) of-
fer ... t)
(t)
|z
t
| + α
where z
t
is the multiset of subtrees in the frozen
portion of the training corpus sharing the same
root as t, and count
z
t
(t) is the count of subtree
t among them.
3 Experiments
3.1 ... one, plus 400K subtrees sampled at
each height h, 2 ≤ h ≤ 14, minus unlexicalized subtrees of
h > 6 and lexicalized subtrees with more than twelve words.
47
Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP...
... emerging
profession of ‘modern project management’. The creation of our profession is described below.
Creating the Profession of ‘Modern Project Management’
Definition of a ‘Profession’ ... discussion of this diagram see ‘The impact of Puritan
ideology on aspects of project management’. International
Journal of Project Management 25 (2007) 10
-
20
18
The Originsof Modern ... Shepherd M.M., Thomas J. Exploring the role of formal bodies
of knowledge in defining a profession – The case of project management. International Journal of Project
Management(2006), 24:8 pp710-721...
... form of the naming
game - the choice of speaker and hearer, the
choice of a context (including a topic), and the
construction of an utterance by the speaker, fol-
lowed by recognition of the ... system. The task of porting is, however,
not too onerous, since the majority of the code is
contained in the portable core. Most important
of all, experimenter code - definitions of agents,
game ... con-
struction of experiments and flexible visualiza-
tion of results.
1
Introduction
Over the past few years, a growing number of
researchers have begun to look at some of the
fundamental...
... elementary tree. They
are not part of the node label for purposes of adjunction.
1166
This makes for a very simple algorithm to
check consistency of a grammar. We sum the
values of the elements of ... the probability of each derivation of a
sentence is well-defined, the probability of each
string in the language is simply the sum of the
probabilities of all derivations of the string. In ... the probability of extinction is
1168
Conditions on Consistency of
Probabilistic Tree Adjoining Grammars*
Anoop Sarkar
Dept. of Computer and Information Science
University of Pennsylvania...
... 1999) (remarks of Sen. Hagel); id. at S13880 (remarks of Sen.
Schumer); id. at S13906–07 (remarks of Sen. Mack); id. at S13907 (remarks of Sen. Lieberman); id. at
S13912–13 (remarks of Sen. Gramm); ... some of the risk the debt will go
bad. Yet banks often get to pocket much of the profit from rate and fee
increases on [credit card] accounts.”
373
The market for ABS backed by pools of credit ... that (i) Citigroup held $2.2 trillion of assets at the end of 2007,
compared to $1.1 trillion at the end of 2002; (ii) Bank of America held $1.7 trillion of assets at in 2007,
up from $660 billion...